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Electronics
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Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications
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Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 18427

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Giulio Antonini

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Guest Editor
Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economy, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Interests: computational electromagnetic; electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis
Dr. Daniele Romano

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Guest Editor
Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L'Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
Interests: computational electromagnetics
Dr. Luigi Lombardi

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Guest Editor
Micron Semiconductor, 67051 Avezzano, Italy
Interests: computational electromagnetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, computational electromagnetics (CEMs) methods play an important role in rapid modeling and design of electromagnetic (EM) systems and their industrial applications. Virtual prototyping based on computational electromagnetics is currently widely adopted in electrical and electronic systems design because of the high accuracy guaranteed by many numerical methods for the solution of Maxwell’s equations in a wide range of frequency from DC to hundreds of GHz or even in the THz range. With the continuous increase of integration and complexity in integrated circuits, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and signal integrity (SI) issues have consequently become very important. Hence, numerical modeling and simulation play a key role in the design of electromagnetic systems, and new algorithms and computational capabilities are increasingly essential to tackle EMC and SI issues. In this perspective, fast algorithms to allow an accurate and efficient analysis of complex EM problems are strongly requested. Additionally, semi-analytical methods can offer elegant and accurate solutions to complex EM problems.

Furthermore, active devices are often affected by heat conduction, potentially leading to electrothermal breakdown. Under such circumstances, predictive simulations must rely on multiphysics computational approaches as opposed to electromagnetics‐only methods. Parallel computing can offer new potential to consolidated methods.

Real-life applications are typically complex and their electromagnetic models electrically large. This calls for accurate wideband model order reduction/macromodeling techniques that make their simulation feasible. Furthermore, in the optimization of large platforms (aircrafts, automotive), design parameters are very likely affected by uncertainty that needs to be taken into account through accurate and efficient uncertainty quantification techniques.

The objective of this Special Issue is to present studies in the field of computational electromagnetics for the analysis of industrial applications and report recent important findings and developments of advanced solution methods for modeling complex EM problems.

Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to:

  • Numerical methods for Maxwell’s equations (FDTD, FEM, FVTD, MoM, PEEC, TLM);
  • Wideband solutions of Maxwell’s equations (from DC to daylight);
  • Fast algorithms to speed up EM methods;
  • Semi-analytical methods;
  • Multiphysics methods;
  • Multiscale problems;
  • Parallel computation;
  • Model order reduction methods;
  • Macromodeling techniques;
  • Uncertainty quantification.

Prof. Dr. Giulio Antonini
Dr. Daniele Romano
Dr. Luigi Lombardi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 157 KiB  
Editorial
Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications
by Giulio Antonini, Daniele Romano and Luigi Lombardi
Electronics 2022, 11(12), 1830; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121830 - 09 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1188
Abstract
Nowadays, computational electromagnetics (CEMs) methods play an important role in the rapid modeling and design of electromagnetic (EM) systems and their industrial applications [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

10 pages, 2954 KiB  
Article
Investigations on Field Distribution along the Earth’s Surface of a Submerged Line Current Source Working at Extremely Low Frequency Band
by Ke Yang, Jinhong Wang, Shuwen Liu, Kai Ding, Hao Li and Bin Li
Electronics 2022, 11(7), 1116; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071116 - 01 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1310
Abstract
A numerical analysis on field distribution along the Earth’s surface of a line current source submerged in the ground is conducted in this paper to investigate the potential of the extremely low frequency (ELF) technology in the envisioned long-distance communication techniques. The problem [...] Read more.
A numerical analysis on field distribution along the Earth’s surface of a line current source submerged in the ground is conducted in this paper to investigate the potential of the extremely low frequency (ELF) technology in the envisioned long-distance communication techniques. The problem is modeled as a submerged horizontal electric dipole (HED) in a two-layered homogeneous half space and solved by the combined numerical methods of the Romberg-Euler method and Gauss-Laguerre method. The model is validated by experimental results with only a maximum 10% error at 9 Hz around 490 m. Meanwhile, the study shows that the ELF signals emitted by a submerged line current source can transmit at least 1 km with a current sensor sensitivity of 0.1 pT. These results indicate the possibility of applying of ELF technology to long-distance communication or the long-distance transmedia detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications)
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11 pages, 1241 KiB  
Article
Finite-Size and Illumination Conditions Effects in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces
by Luca Ciarella, Andrea Tognazzi, Fabio Mangini, Costantino De Angelis, Lorenzo Pattelli and Fabrizio Frezza
Electronics 2022, 11(7), 1017; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071017 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2284
Abstract
Dielectric metasurfaces have emerged as a promising alternative to their plasmonic counterparts due to lower ohmic losses, which hinder sensing applications and nonlinear frequency conversion, and their larger flexibility to shape the emission pattern in the visible regime. To date, the computational cost [...] Read more.
Dielectric metasurfaces have emerged as a promising alternative to their plasmonic counterparts due to lower ohmic losses, which hinder sensing applications and nonlinear frequency conversion, and their larger flexibility to shape the emission pattern in the visible regime. To date, the computational cost of full-wave numerical simulations has forced the exploitation of the Floquet theorem, which implies infinitely periodic structures, in designing such devices. In this work, we show the potential pitfalls of this approach when considering finite-size metasurfaces and beam-like illumination conditions, in contrast to the typical infinite plane-wave illumination compatible with the Floquet theorem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications)
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17 pages, 5995 KiB  
Article
Compressed Complex-Valued Least Squares Support Vector Machine Regression for Modeling of the Frequency-Domain Responses of Electromagnetic Structures
by Nastaran Soleimani and Riccardo Trinchero
Electronics 2022, 11(4), 551; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040551 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1415
Abstract
This paper deals with the development of a Machine Learning (ML)-based regression for the construction of complex-valued surrogate models for the analysis of the frequency-domain responses of electromagnetic (EM) structures. The proposed approach relies on the combination of two-techniques: (i) the principal component [...] Read more.
This paper deals with the development of a Machine Learning (ML)-based regression for the construction of complex-valued surrogate models for the analysis of the frequency-domain responses of electromagnetic (EM) structures. The proposed approach relies on the combination of two-techniques: (i) the principal component analysis (PCA) and (ii) an unusual complex-valued formulation of the Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) regression. First, the training and test dataset is obtained from a set of parametric electromagnetic simulations. The spectra collected in the training set are compressed via the PCA by exploring the correlation among the available data. In the next step, the compressed dataset is used for the training of compact set of complex-valued surrogate models and their accuracy is evaluated on the test samples. The effectiveness and the performance of the complex-valued LS-SVM regression with three kernel functions are investigated on two application examples consisting of a serpentine delay structure with three parameters and a high-speed link with four parameters. Moreover, for the last example, the performance of the proposed approach is also compared with those provided by a real-valued multi-output feedforward Neural Network model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications)
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13 pages, 471 KiB  
Article
Calculation of Magnetic Flux Density Harmonics in the Vicinity of Overhead Lines
by Adnan Mujezinović, Emir Turajlić, Ajdin Alihodžić, Maja Muftić Dedović and Nedis Dautbašić
Electronics 2022, 11(4), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040512 - 09 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1605
Abstract
This paper considers the method for the calculation of magnetic flux density in the vicinity of overhead distribution lines which takes into account the higher current harmonics. This method is based on the Biot–Savart law and the complex image method. The considered method [...] Read more.
This paper considers the method for the calculation of magnetic flux density in the vicinity of overhead distribution lines which takes into account the higher current harmonics. This method is based on the Biot–Savart law and the complex image method. The considered method calculates the values of the magnetic flux density for each harmonic component of the current separately at all points of interest (usually lateral profile). In this way, it is possible to determine the contributions of individual harmonic components of the current intensity to the total value of magnetic flux density. Based on the contributions of individual harmonic components, the total (resultant) value of the magnetic flux density at points of interest is determined. Validation of the computational method is carried out by comparison of the results obtained by the considered calculation method with measurement results. Furthermore, the application of the calculation method was demonstrated by calculating magnetic flux density harmonics in the vicinity of two overhead distribution lines of typical phase conductor arrangements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications)
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19 pages, 626 KiB  
Article
Characterizing THz Scattering Loss in Nano-Scale SOI Waveguides Exhibiting Stochastic Surface Roughness with Exponential Autocorrelation
by Brian Guiana and Ata Zadehgol
Electronics 2022, 11(3), 307; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030307 - 19 Jan 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1392
Abstract
Electromagnetic (EM) scattering may be a significant source of degradation in signal and power integrity of high-contrast silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nano-scale interconnects, such as opto-electronic or optical interconnects operating at 100 s of THz where two-dimensional (2D) analytical models of dielectric slab waveguides are [...] Read more.
Electromagnetic (EM) scattering may be a significant source of degradation in signal and power integrity of high-contrast silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nano-scale interconnects, such as opto-electronic or optical interconnects operating at 100 s of THz where two-dimensional (2D) analytical models of dielectric slab waveguides are often used to approximate scattering loss. In this work, a formulation is presented to relate the scattering (propagation) loss to the scattering parameters (S-parameters) for the smooth waveguide; the results are correlated with results from the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in 2D space. We propose a normalization factor to the previous 2D analytical formulation for the stochastic scattering loss based on physical parameters of waveguides exhibiting random surface roughness under the exponential autocorrelation function (ACF), and validate the results by comparing against numerical experiments via the 2D FDTD method, through simulation of hundreds of rough waveguides; additionally, results are compared to other 2D analytical and previous 3D experimental results. The FDTD environment is described and validated by comparing results of the smooth waveguide against analytical solutions for wave impedance, propagation constant, and S-parameters. Results show that the FDTD model is in agreement with the analytical solution for the smooth waveguide and is a reasonable approximation of the stochastic scattering loss for the rough waveguide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications)
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11 pages, 1555 KiB  
Article
Recognition of Bio-Structural Anisotropy by Polarization Resolved Imaging
by Eugenio Fazio, Sidra Batool, Mehwish Nisar, Massimo Alonzo and Fabrizio Frezza
Electronics 2022, 11(2), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020255 - 13 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1406
Abstract
In this paper, we develop a simple technique to identify material texture from far, by using polarization-resolved imaging. Such a technique can be easily implemented into industrial environments, where fast and cheap sensors are required. The technique has been applied to both isotropic [...] Read more.
In this paper, we develop a simple technique to identify material texture from far, by using polarization-resolved imaging. Such a technique can be easily implemented into industrial environments, where fast and cheap sensors are required. The technique has been applied to both isotropic references (Teflon bar) and anisotropic samples (wood). By studying the radiance of the samples illuminated by linearly polarized light, different and specific behaviours are identified for both isotropic and anisotropic samples, in terms of multipolar emission and linear dichroism, from which fibre orientation can be resolved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications)
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14 pages, 968 KiB  
Article
Multiple Scattering by Two PEC Spheres Using Translation Addition Theorem
by Sidra Batool, Mehwish Nisar, Lorenzo Dinia, Fabio Mangini and Fabrizio Frezza
Electronics 2022, 11(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010126 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1593
Abstract
An analysis of multiple scattering by two Perfect Electric Conducting (PEC) spheres using translation Addition Theorem (AT) for spherical vector wave functions is presented. Specifically, the Cruzan formalism is used to represent the AT for spherical harmonics, which introduces the translation coefficients for [...] Read more.
An analysis of multiple scattering by two Perfect Electric Conducting (PEC) spheres using translation Addition Theorem (AT) for spherical vector wave functions is presented. Specifically, the Cruzan formalism is used to represent the AT for spherical harmonics, which introduces the translation coefficients for transformation of spherical harmonics from one coordinate to another. The adoption of these coefficients with the use of two PEC spheres in a near zone region makes the calculation of multiple scattering electric fields very efficient. As an illustration, the mathematical formation using advanced computational approaches was inspected. Then, the generic truncation criteria in the scattered electric field by two PEC spheres was deeply investigated using translation AT. However, the numerical validation was obtained using Comsol simulation software. This approach will allow to evaluate the scattering from macro-structures composed of spherical particles, i.e., biological molecules, clouds of airborne particles, etc. An original and fully general solution to the problem using vector quantities is introduced, and the convergence of the solution in several numerical examples is also demonstrated. This approach takes into account the effect of multiple scattering by two PEC spheres for spherical vector function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications)
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13 pages, 1536 KiB  
Article
Cylindrical Waveguide on Ferrite Substrate Controlled by Externally Applied Magnetic Field
by Hedi Sakli
Electronics 2021, 10(4), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040474 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2463
Abstract
This paper presents an extension of the formulation of wave propagation in transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes for the case of metallic cylindrical waveguides filled with longitudinally magnetized ferrite. The higher order modes were exploited. We externally controlled the cut-off [...] Read more.
This paper presents an extension of the formulation of wave propagation in transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes for the case of metallic cylindrical waveguides filled with longitudinally magnetized ferrite. The higher order modes were exploited. We externally controlled the cut-off frequency through the application of DC magnetic fields. The numerical results of dispersion diagrams for TE and TM modes were obtained and analyzed. We analyzed a waveguide antenna filled with partially magnetized ferrite using the mode matching (MM) technique based on the TE and TM modes. By using modal analysis, our approach considerably reduced the computation time compared to HFSS. Ferrites are important for various industrial applications, such as circulators, isolators, antennas and filters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications)
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12 pages, 350 KiB  
Article
On the Electromagnetic Field of an Overhead Line Current Source
by Mauro Parise
Electronics 2020, 9(12), 2009; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122009 - 27 Nov 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1639
Abstract
This work presents an analytical series-form solution for the time-harmonic electromagnetic (EM) field components produced by an overhead current line source. The solution arises from casting the integral term of the complete representation for the generated axial electric field into a form where [...] Read more.
This work presents an analytical series-form solution for the time-harmonic electromagnetic (EM) field components produced by an overhead current line source. The solution arises from casting the integral term of the complete representation for the generated axial electric field into a form where the non-analytic part of the integrand is expanded into a power series of the vertical propagation coefficient in the air space. This makes it possible to express the electric field as a sum of derivatives of the Sommerfeld integral describing the primary field, whose explicit form is known. As a result, the electric field is given as a sum of cylindrical Hankel functions, with coefficients depending on the position of the field point relative to the line source and its ideal image. Analogous explicit expressions for the magnetic field components are obtained by applying Faraday’s law. The results from numerical simulations show that the derived analytical solution offers advantages in terms of time cost with respect to conventional numerical schemes used for computing Sommerfeld-type integrals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Electromagnetics for Industrial Applications)
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