Integral and Differential Equation Methods in Electromagnetic Radiation and Scattering

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 611

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Department of Computer, Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, International Hellenic University, End of Magnisias Street, 62124 Serres, Greece
Interests: numerical and analytical methods in electromagnetics; antennas; scattering; applied mathematics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mathematical computations related to antenna radiation and target scattering are of extreme interest to electromagnetics engineering; however, they can rely on analytical methods only to a limited extent. Closed form, or even asymptotic solutions, are possible for canonical geometries only, which is usually not the case in the real world, and when arbitrary shapes are involved, space discretization and approximate (instead of exact) calculations are inevitable. Triggered and fueled by the explosive progress of computers since the 80s, numerical techniques have therefore been an indispensable tool in electromagnetics for decades, falling into two main categories: Integral Equation and Differential Equation Methods. Both types are characterized by certain advantages and disadvantages, where their applicability and efficiency depend on the specific features of the problem, and their improvement or optimization has been the topic of literally thousands of papers in the recent literature. Furthermore, several commercial software packages, which are broadly used today by both industry and academia, are based on closely related algorithms. Fundamental computational methods with a long history of continuous development include the Method of Moments (MoM), the Finite Element Method (FEM), the Finite Volume Method (FVM), the Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD), the Method of Auxiliary Sources (MAS), etc. For high frequencies, due to the large electric size of antennas or scatterers, extremely high computational resources are required, in terms of memory and CPU time, to handle even millions of unknowns. Therefore, “fast” variants of the latter techniques were developed to reduce the computational cost, such as the Adaptive Integral Method (AIM), the Adaptive Cross Approximation (ACA), the Fast Multipole Method (FMM), its parallel version called the Multi-Level Fast Multipole Algorithm (MLFMA), its time domain counterpart called the Plane Wave Time Domain (PWTD) method, etc.  Several variants of the above, plus additional approaches, having evolved particularly over the last few years, are designed to suppress the complexity and/or enhance, at the same time, the accuracy of the calculations. For instance, Domain Decomposition (DDM) Methods are a typical example of algorithms exploiting the benefits of parallel processing. The ambition of this Special Issue is to host and promote the most recent advancements made by internationally renowned scholars in this fascinating research area.

Prof. Dr. Hristos T. Anastassiu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • MoM
  • FEM
  • FDTD
  • MAS
  • AIM
  • ACA
  • FMM
  • MLFMA
  • PWTD
  • DDM

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 22942 KiB  
Article
Efficient EM Scattering Modeling from Metal Targets Coated with Anisotropic Thin Layers
by Mengbo Hua and Siyuan He
Electronics 2024, 13(3), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030536 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 422
Abstract
To address the challenges posed by composite targets composed of an anisotropic medium and metal in electromagnetic (EM) scattering calculations, this paper introduces an innovative hybrid algorithm tailored for simulating the EM scattering characteristics of such complex targets. Utilizing impedance boundary condition (IBC), [...] Read more.
To address the challenges posed by composite targets composed of an anisotropic medium and metal in electromagnetic (EM) scattering calculations, this paper introduces an innovative hybrid algorithm tailored for simulating the EM scattering characteristics of such complex targets. Utilizing impedance boundary condition (IBC), the method employs surface impedance vectors to precisely depict the EM properties of the medium. By harnessing the distinct advantages of the Method of Moments (MoMs) at low frequency and Physical Optics (POs) at high frequency, the algorithm ensures both accuracy and efficiency in the EM simulation of composite targets. By transforming the EM scattering problem of targets coated with a thin-layered medium into an equivalent radiation problem of EM currents on impedance surfaces, this research has achieved rapid and high-precision calculations of the Radar Cross Section (RCS) for complex targets with anisotropic medium coatings. To assess the performance of the algorithm, three target models—square plates, simplified aircraft, and complex satellites—are selected as test cases. The dual metrics of RCS and surface current distribution are utilized as evaluation benchmarks, and comparisons are made against the Method of Moments–Finite Element Method (MoM-FEM) hybrid numerical method. The comparative results demonstrate that the proposed method meets the engineering standards in terms of both the root mean square error (RMSE) of RCS and the relative error in surface current distribution, while also achieving a significant improvement of over 50% in computational efficiency, thereby validating its superior accuracy and practical utility. Full article
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