Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Terrestrial Environment for Applications in Wireless Telecommunications and Radar Systems

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 4832

Special Issue Editors

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Iroon Polytechniou Str., GR-157 73 Zografou, Athens, Greece
Interests: propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves over terrain; applied electromagnetism; radar systems; direct and inverse synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal processing techniques; scattering from fractal surfaces; high-frequency scattering techniques; inverse scattering; nonlinear propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in optical fibers; finite-element techniques; near EM field calculations; imaging of radar targets
Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al – Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakshtan
Interests: electromagnetic (EM) field theory; propagation–scattering–diffraction of EM waves; propagation of EM waves in anisotropic media
Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Varna, 9010 Levski, Varna, Bulgaria
Interests: antennas; applied electromagnetism
Department of Computer, Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, International Hellenic University, End of Magnisias Street, 62124 Serres, Greece
Interests: numerical and analytical methods in electromagnetics; antennas; scattering; applied mathematics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the pioneering work by Sommerfeld in the beginning of the twentieth century for the problem of propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves over a flat infinite plate, the above problem, in particular for the propagation of EM waves over the terrain, has attracted a lot of interest from the research community in antennas and propagation from both a theoretical and practical point of view. During the 1930s, well-known papers by K. A. Norton, based on the integral formulation by Sommerfeld, resulted in approximate solutions for the problem of radiation from vertical or horizontal dipole antennas radiating above terrain, including expressions for “space” and “surface” waves. Formulations for both flat and curved surface of the Earth were derived at that time, while soon thereafter, both analytical mathematical formulae and experimental results were developed.

Since then, and up to today, a great number of research studies have been published in the antennas and propagation community relevant to the above problem, probably because of additional practical interest for mobile and wireless telecommunications. These range from a variety of rigorous electromagnetic methods of propagation to simple propagation models, or to rather empirical methods for mobile telecommunications applications based on measurements. Potential topics for paper submission include but are not limited to:

  • Rigorous–approximate–asymptotic formulations for EM propagation above terrain;
  • Numerical aspects in evaluating Sommerfeld Integrals (“tails”);
  • Empirical propagation models for outdoor/indoor environments, based on measurements/experiments;
  • Propagation of EM waves through the atmosphere/ionosphere/plasma, including satellite communications applications;
  • Possible radar applications of the abovementioned EM propagation methods;
  • Review articles in related topics.

Prof. Dr. Panayiotis Frangos
Prof. Dr. Seil Sautbekov
Dr. Sava Savov
Prof. Dr. Hristos T. Anastassiu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • propagation of electromagnetic waves
  • terrestrial environment
  • wireless telecommunications
  • outdoor and indoor telecommunications
  • satellite communications
  • radar systems

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 1015 KiB  
Article
An Analytical Solution of the Multiple Scattering from a Buried Medium Coated Conducting Sphere
by Chuan Yin, Liangjie Wu, Pengquan Zhang and Youlin Geng
Electronics 2022, 11(10), 1632; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101632 - 20 May 2022
Viewed by 1132
Abstract
Based on the image method and addition theorem of spherical vector wave functions, an analytical solution of the multiple scattering by a buried medium-coated conducting sphere is proposed in this paper. An iterative process to obtain the scattered electromagnetic field is discussed on [...] Read more.
Based on the image method and addition theorem of spherical vector wave functions, an analytical solution of the multiple scattering by a buried medium-coated conducting sphere is proposed in this paper. An iterative process to obtain the scattered electromagnetic field is discussed on the basis of the continuous boundary condition in the plane boundary, the medium inner and the outer surface of a coated conducting sphere, respectively. Applying an image method and the addition theorem of spherical vector wave functions, the scattering electromagnetic fields by the plane in a local coordinate system can be transformed into the globe coordinate, and they can be regarded as the next incident electromagnetic fields to the buried medium-coated conducting sphere. This process does not end until the scattering electrical field on the plane boundary is accurate enough. Numerical results are given and compared with commercial software FEKO, they coincide enough; the calculation times of the present method are very short compared to those of the software FEKO, and some discussion is given at the end of this paper. Full article
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20 pages, 5533 KiB  
Article
Approximated Backscattered Wave Models of a Lossy Concentric Dielectric Sphere for Fruit Characterization
by Hoang Nam Dao, Chuwong Phongcharoenpanich and Monai Krairiksh
Electronics 2022, 11(10), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101521 - 10 May 2022
Viewed by 1116
Abstract
Approximated models of electromagnetic waves scattered from a sphere with two different dielectric layers were developed and reported in this paper. We proposed that the dielectric properties of a concentric dielectric sphere object, for example, some types of fruit, could be estimated by [...] Read more.
Approximated models of electromagnetic waves scattered from a sphere with two different dielectric layers were developed and reported in this paper. We proposed that the dielectric properties of a concentric dielectric sphere object, for example, some types of fruit, could be estimated by this model, from some wave components of the backscattered wave. The models were suitable for lossy objects because only a single bounce of the wave was assumed. In terms of first bounce as well as total backscattered wave results, the reported values agreed well with the values calculated by a commercial software. The measurement results verified the calculated wave components. The dielectric properties determination of real fruits was performed and exhibited the potential in fruit characterization. The main advantage of these models is that they can provide the magnitude and phase information of each backscattered wave component, which makes quality monitoring of fruits to be possible. Full article
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19 pages, 2083 KiB  
Article
The Evaluation of an Asymptotic Solution to the Sommerfeld Radiation Problem Using an Efficient Method for the Calculation of Sommerfeld Integrals in the Spectral Domain
by Sotiris Bourgiotis, Panayiotis Frangos, Seil Sautbekov and Mustakhim Pshikov
Electronics 2021, 10(11), 1339; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111339 - 02 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1794
Abstract
A recently developed high-frequency asymptotic solution for the famous “Sommerfeld radiation problem” is revisited. The solution is based on an analysis performed in the spectral domain, through which a compact asymptotic formula describes the behavior of the EM field, which emanates from a [...] Read more.
A recently developed high-frequency asymptotic solution for the famous “Sommerfeld radiation problem” is revisited. The solution is based on an analysis performed in the spectral domain, through which a compact asymptotic formula describes the behavior of the EM field, which emanates from a vertical Hertzian radiating dipole, located above flat, lossy ground. The paper is divided into two parts. We first demonstrate an efficient technique for the accurate numerical calculation of the well-known Sommerfeld integrals. The results are compared against alternative calculation approaches and validated with the corresponding Norton figures for the surface wave. In the second part, we introduce the asymptotic solution and investigate its performance; we compare the solution with the accurate numerical evaluation for the received EM field and with a more basic asymptotic solution to the given problem, obtained via the application of the Stationary Phase Method. Simulations for various frequencies, distances, altitudes, and ground characteristics are illustrated and inferences for the applicability of the solution are made. Finally, special cases leading to analytical field expressions close as well as far from the interface are examined. Full article
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