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Paediatric Respiratory Tract Infections: Present Considerations—Future Prospectives

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elias Iosifidis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: pediatric infectious diseases; epidemiology; healthcare-associated infections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Asterios Kampouras

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor

Paediatric Department, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: pediatric respiratory medicine; paediatrics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infectious diseases of the respiratory tract are the most common disease entity in Pediatrics worldwide, with millions of children affected every year. Even though existing scientific knowledge in this field is well established and thorough, various factors such as the re-emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases, the refugee crisis, along with increasing antibiotic resistance, shortage of pediatric antibiotic trials, and several others, prompt the need for constant surveillance and immediate reaction.

This Special Issue aims to provide an open platform dedicated in presenting existing knowledge in the field of Pediatric Respiratory Infections (both community- and healthcare-associated infections), along with recording current trends in this field and shedding light to future prospects. Researchers from various scientific communities are welcome to present their latest research and discuss common themes and challenges.

Dr. Elias Iosifidis
Dr. Asterios Kampouras
Guest Editors

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Keywords

pediatric respiratory tract infections;
epidemiology;
treatment;
surveillance;
antibiotic resistance;
host response

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

9 pages, 235 KiB

Open AccessReview

Pulmonary Infectious Complications in Children with Hematologic Malignancies and Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia

by Aikaterini Voulgaridou, Kleoniki I. Athanasiadou, Eftychia Athanasiadou, Emmanuel Roilides and Evgenia Papakonstantinou

Diseases 2020, 8(3), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases8030032 - 19 Aug 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2480

Abstract

Infections frequently complicate the treatment course in children with hematologic malignancies undergoing chemotherapy. Febrile neutropenia (FN) remains a major cause of hospital admissions in this population, and respiratory tract is often proven to be the site of infection even without respiratory signs and symptoms. Clinical presentation may be subtle due to impaired inflammatory response. Common respiratory viruses and bacteria are widely identified in these patients, while fungi and, less commonly, bacteria are the causative agents in more severe cases. A detailed history, thorough clinical and basic laboratory examination along with a chest radiograph are the first steps in the evaluation of a child presenting signs of a pulmonary infection. After stratifying patient’s risk, prompt initiation of the appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment is crucial and efficient for the majority of the patients. High-risk children should be treated with an intravenous antipseudomonal beta lactam agent, unless there is suspicion of multi-drug resistance when an antibiotic combination should be used. In unresponsive cases, more invasive procedures, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), computed tomography (CT)-guided fine-needle aspiration or open lung biopsy (OLB), are recommended. Overall mortality rate can reach 20% with higher rates seen in cases unresponsive to initial therapy and those under mechanical ventilation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paediatric Respiratory Tract Infections: Present Considerations—Future Prospectives)