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Diagnostics
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Clinical Factors for Prognosis and Survival of Cardiovascular Diseases
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Clinical Factors for Prognosis and Survival of Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 7674

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sergey S. Yakushin

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Guest Editor
Department of Hospital Therapy, Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan 390026, Russia
Interests: cardiovascular disease; epidemiology; primary and secondary prevention

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite significant advances in cardiology, high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality remain urgent issues worldwide. Of note, cardiology was one of the first medical specialties to receive medicinal products and other treatment options to improve prognosis. Following the era of aspirin, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, statins, cardiac surgery, and X-ray-guided vascular interventional procedures (coronary artery bypass surgery, stenting, etc.), new medications and treatment methods are being developed and introduced. These are therapies provided through the use of evidence-based and personalized medicine, those developed based on cell technologies and genetic discoveries as well as telemonitoring interventions, which have been especially important in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Another point to mention is the importance of the early preclinical diagnosis of cardiac diseases. With modern diagnostic tests and biomarkers, it is possible to identify early structural changes associated with atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia and hypertrophy, various types of arrhythmia and other cardiac disorders and syndromes. In discussing prevention, it is essential to point out the importance of developing novel approaches to prevent chronic heart failure. In particular, last year, a new Universal Definition and Classification of Heart Failure was first adopted at the international level, mainly based on four stages (A, B, C and D) defined by the previously used American classification. More importantly, patients with stages A and B do not yet have a defined set of clinical signs of heart failure, but only cardiovascular disease (stage A) or a number of structural changes in the heart (stage B). It is at these two stages that we can now apply novel terminology and approaches for the primary prevention of chronic heart failure in order to slow the progression of this end-stage syndrome in the cardiovascular continuum.

Thus, novel research and latest advances in cardiology can pave the way to further improve medical care provided to our patients and reduce cardiac mortality.

Prof. Dr. Sergey S. Yakushin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • myocardial infarction
  • heart failure
  • myocardial hypertrophy
  • arrhythmias
  • prognosis
  • mortality rate

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1791 KiB  
Article
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Heart Failure in the Mongolian Population
by Pagmadulam Sukhbaatar, Batzorig Bayartsogt, Ganchimeg Ulziisaikhan, Bolortuul Byambatsogt, Chingerel Khorloo, Burmaa Badrakh, Sumiya Tserendavaa, Naranchimeg Sodovsuren, Mungunchimeg Dagva, Mungun-Ulzii Khurelbaatar, Sodchimeg Tsedensodnom, Bat-Erdene Nyamsuren, Rinchyenkhand Myagmardorj and Tsolmon Unurjargal
Diagnostics 2023, 13(5), 999; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13050999 - 06 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1724
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of heart failure in the Mongolian population is unknown. Thus, in this study, we aimed to define the prevalence of heart failure in the Mongolian population and to identify significant risk factors for heart failure among Mongolian adults. Methods: This [...] Read more.
Background: The prevalence of heart failure in the Mongolian population is unknown. Thus, in this study, we aimed to define the prevalence of heart failure in the Mongolian population and to identify significant risk factors for heart failure among Mongolian adults. Methods: This population-based study included individuals 20 years and older from seven provinces as well as six districts of the capital city of Mongolia. The prevalence of heart failure was based on the European Society of Cardiology diagnostic criteria. Results: In total, 3480 participants were enrolled, of which 1345 (38.6%) participants were males, and the median age was 41.0 years (IQR 30–54 years). The overall prevalence of heart failure was 4.94%. Patients with heart failure had significantly higher body mass index, heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure than patients without heart failure. In the logistic regression analysis, hypertension (OR 4.855, 95% CI 3.127–7.538), previous myocardial infarction (OR 5.117, 95% CI 3.040–9.350), and valvular heart disease (OR 3.872, 95% CI 2.112–7.099) were significantly correlated with heart failure. Conclusions: This is the first report on the prevalence of heart failure in the Mongolian population. Among the cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, old myocardial infarction, and valvular heart disease were identified as the three foremost risk factors in the development of heart failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Factors for Prognosis and Survival of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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11 pages, 1833 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Novel Reconstruction Algorithms on Calcium Scoring: Results on a Dedicated Cardiac CT Scanner
by Milán Vecsey-Nagy, Zsófia Jokkel, Ádám Levente Jermendy, Martin Nagy, Melinda Boussoussou, Borbála Vattay, Márton Kolossváry, Csaba Csobay-Novák, Sigal Amin-Spector, Béla Merkely and Bálint Szilveszter
Diagnostics 2023, 13(4), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040789 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1792
Abstract
Contemporary reconstruction algorithms yield the potential of reducing radiation exposure by denoising coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) datasets. We aimed to assess the reliability of coronary artery calcium score (CACS) measurements with an advanced adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR-CV) and model-based adaptive filter [...] Read more.
Contemporary reconstruction algorithms yield the potential of reducing radiation exposure by denoising coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) datasets. We aimed to assess the reliability of coronary artery calcium score (CACS) measurements with an advanced adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR-CV) and model-based adaptive filter (MBAF2) designed for a dedicated cardiac CT scanner by comparing them to the gold-standard filtered back projection (FBP) calculations. We analyzed non-contrast coronary CT images of 404 consecutive patients undergoing clinically indicated CCTA. CACS and total calcium volume were quantified and compared on three reconstructions (FBP, ASIR-CV, and MBAF2+ASIR-CV). Patients were classified into risk categories based on CACS and the rate of reclassification was assessed. Patients were categorized into the following groups based on FBP reconstructions: 172 zero CACS, 38 minimal (1–10), 87 mild (11–100), 57 moderate (101–400), and 50 severe (400<). Overall, 19/404 (4.7%) patients were reclassified into a lower-risk group with MBAF2+ASIR-CV, while 8 additional patients (27/404, 6.7%) shifted downward when applying stand-alone ASIR-CV. The total calcium volume with FBP was 7.0 (0.0–133.25) mm3, 4.0 (0.0–103.5) mm3 using ASIR-CV, and 5.0 (0.0–118.5) mm3 with MBAF2+ASIR-CV (all comparisons p < 0.001). The concomitant use of ASIR-CV and MBAF2 may allow the reduction of noise levels while maintaining similar CACS values as FBP measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Factors for Prognosis and Survival of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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12 pages, 1366 KiB  
Article
Signal Thresholding Segmentation of Ventricular Volumes in Young Patients with Various Diseases—Can We Trust the Numbers?
by Titus Thut, Emanuela Valsangiacomo Büchel, Julia Geiger, Christian Johannes Kellenberger, Beate Rücker and Barbara Elisabeth Ursula Burkhardt
Diagnostics 2023, 13(2), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020180 - 04 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1081
Abstract
In many cardiac diseases, right and left ventricular volumes in systole and diastole are diagnostically and prognostically relevant. Measurements are made by segmentation of the myocardial borders on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images. Automatic detection of myocardial contours is possible by signal thresholding [...] Read more.
In many cardiac diseases, right and left ventricular volumes in systole and diastole are diagnostically and prognostically relevant. Measurements are made by segmentation of the myocardial borders on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images. Automatic detection of myocardial contours is possible by signal thresholding techniques, but must be validated before use in clinical settings. Biventricular volumes were measured in end-diastole (EDVi) and in end-systole (ESVi) both manually and with the MassK application, with signal thresholds at 30%, 50%, and 70%. Stroke volumes (SV) and cardiac indices (CI) were calculated from volumetric measurements and from flow measured in the ascending aorta and the main pulmonary artery, and both methods were compared. Reproducibility of volumetric measurements was tested in 20 patients. Measurements were acquired in 94 patients aged 15 ± 9 years referred for various conditions. EDVi and ESVi of both ventricles were largest with manual segmentation and inversely proportional to the MassK threshold. Manual and k30 SV and CI corresponded best to flow measurements. Interobserver variability was low for all volumes manually and with MassK. In conclusion, manual and 30% threshold-based biventricular volume segmentation agree best with two-dimensional, phantom-corrected phase contrast flow measurements in a young cardiac referral population and are well reproducible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Factors for Prognosis and Survival of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Review

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23 pages, 381 KiB  
Review
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Related Myocarditis: A Review of Reported Clinical Cases
by Liudmila Zotova
Diagnostics 2023, 13(7), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13071243 - 25 Mar 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2554
Abstract
Myocarditis associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is a rare manifestation of their cardiotoxicity, but is characterized by a high mortality rate. A literature search was conducted using PubMed using keywords, which resulted in the selection of 679 scientific works, [...] Read more.
Myocarditis associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is a rare manifestation of their cardiotoxicity, but is characterized by a high mortality rate. A literature search was conducted using PubMed using keywords, which resulted in the selection of 679 scientific works, from which 160 articles that described 244 clinical cases were selected. The median age of the patients was 67 years (IQR, 60–74). The median time from the start of ICI therapy to the development of the first adverse symptoms was 21 days (IQR, 14–38.3). In 37% of cases, myocarditis developed after the first administration of ICI. Cardiac symptoms were present in 47.1% of cases, neuromuscular symptoms in 30.3%, and other symptoms in 12.6%, while myocarditis was asymptomatic in 10.1% of cases. New changes in the electrocardiograms were detected in 85.1% of patients compared to the initial data. A high incidence of complete atrioventricular block (25.4%), right bundle branch block (18.4%), ventricular tachycardia (13%), and sinus tachycardia (12%) were noted. In 97% of the cases, the patients received prednisolone or methylprednisolone therapy. When using ICI, special attention should be paid to the early detection of possible cardiotoxicity by analyzing the condition and function of the myocardium before treatment and its dynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Factors for Prognosis and Survival of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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