Editorial

4 pages, 197 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial on Special Issue “Skeletal Radiology”

by Atefe Pooyan, Ehsan Alipour, Arash Azhideh and Majid Chalian

Diagnostics 2023, 13(14), 2396; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13142396 - 18 Jul 2023

Viewed by 575

Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders are among the top five contributors to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

11 pages, 1121 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diagnostic Accuracy of Various Radiological Measurements in the Evaluation and Differentiation of Flatfoot: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Fayaz Khan, Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan, Mashael Ghazi Alsobhi, Israa Anees Ibrahim Ahmed, Nada Saleh Al-Lehidan, Mohd Rehan, Hashim Abdullah Alalawi and Ahmed H. Abduljabbar

Diagnostics 2022, 12(10), 2288; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102288 - 22 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1689

Abstract

Arch angle is used to indicate flatfoot, but in some cases, it is not easily defined. The presence of flatfoot deformity remains difficult to diagnose due to a lack of reliable radiographic assessment tools. Although various assessment methods for flatfoot have been proposed, [...] Read more.

Arch angle is used to indicate flatfoot, but in some cases, it is not easily defined. The presence of flatfoot deformity remains difficult to diagnose due to a lack of reliable radiographic assessment tools. Although various assessment methods for flatfoot have been proposed, there is insufficient evidence to prove the diagnostic accuracy of the various tools. The main purpose of the study was to determine the best radiographic measures for flatfoot concerning the arch angle. Fifty-two feet radiographs from thirty-two healthy young females were obtained. Five angles and one index were measured using weight-bearing lateral radiographs; including arch angle, calcaneal pitch (CP), talar-first metatarsal angle (TFM), lateral talar angle (LTA), talar inclination angle (TIA) and navicular index (NI). Receiver-operating characteristics were generated to evaluate the flatfoot diagnostic accuracy for all radiographic indicators and Matthews correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the cutoff value for each measure. The strongest correlation was between arch angle and CP angle [r = −0.91, p ≤ 0.0001, 95% confidence interval (CI) (from −0.94 to −0.84)]. Also, significant correlations were found between arch angle and NI [r = 0.62, p ≤ 0.0001, 95% CI (0.42 to 0.76)], and TFM [r = 0.50, p ≤ 0.0001, 95% CI (from 0.266 to 0.68)]. Furthermore, CP (cutoff, 12.40) had the highest accuracy level with value of 100% sensitivity and specificity followed by NI, having 82% sensitivity and 89% specificity for the cutoff value of 9.90. In conclusion, CP angle is inversely correlated with arch angle and considered a significant indicator of flatfoot. Also, the NI is easy to define radiographically and could be used to differentiate flat from normal arched foot among young adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 2873 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Myeloma Spine and Bone Damage Score (MSBDS) on Whole-Body Computed Tomography (WBCT): Multiple Reader Agreement in a Multicenter Reliability Study

by Alberto Stefano Tagliafico, Clarissa Valle, Pietro Andrea Bonaffini, Ali Attieh, Matteo Bauckneht, Liliana Belgioia, Bianca Bignotti, Nicole Brunetti, Alessandro Bonsignore, Enrico Capaccio, Sara De Giorgis, Alessandro Garlaschi, Silvia Morbelli, Federica Rossi, Lorenzo Torri, Simone Caprioli, Simona Tosto, Michele Cea and Alida Dominietto

Diagnostics 2022, 12(8), 1894; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081894 - 04 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1634

Abstract

Objective: To assess the reliability of the myeloma spine and bone damage score (MSBDS) across multiple readers with different levels of expertise and from different institutions. Methods: A reliability exercise, including 104 data sets of static images and complete CT examinations of patients [...] Read more.

Objective: To assess the reliability of the myeloma spine and bone damage score (MSBDS) across multiple readers with different levels of expertise and from different institutions. Methods: A reliability exercise, including 104 data sets of static images and complete CT examinations of patients affected by multiple myeloma (MM), was performed. A complementary imaging atlas provided detailed examples of the MSBDS scores, including low-risk and high-risk lesions. A total of 15 readers testing the MSBDS were evaluated. ICC estimates and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated based on mean rating (k = 15), absolute agreement, a two-way random-effects model and Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Overall, the ICC correlation coefficient was 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.79–0.92), and the Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.94–0.97). Global inter- and intra-observer agreement among the 15 readers with scores below or equal to 6 points and scores above 6 points were 0.81 (95% C.I.: 0.72–0.86) and 0.94 (95% C.I.:0.91–0.98), respectively. Conclusion: We present a consensus-based semiquantitative scoring systems for CT in MM with a complementary CT imaging atlas including detailed examples of relevant scoring techniques. We found substantial agreement among readers with different levels of experience, thereby supporting the role of the MSBDS for possible large-scale applications. Significance and Innovations • Based on previous work and definitions of the MSBDS, we present real-life reliability data for quantitative bone damage assessment in multiple myeloma (MM) patients on CT. • In this study, reliability for the MSBDS, which was tested on 15 readers with different levels of expertise and from different institutions, was shown to be moderate to excellent. • The complementary CT imaging atlas is expected to enhance unified interpretations of the MSBDS between different professionals dealing with MM patients in their routine clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 508 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Multidisciplinary Approach in Diagnostic Accuracy

by Adrián Cardín-Pereda, Daniel García-Sánchez, Nuria Terán-Villagrá, Ana Alfonso-Fernández, Michel Fakkas, Carlos Garcés-Zarzalejo and Flor María Pérez-Campo

Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1731; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071731 - 16 Jul 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1920

Abstract

Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (ONFH) is a disabling disease affecting up to 30,000 people yearly in the United States alone. Diagnosis and staging of this pathology are both technically and logistically challenging, usually relying on imaging studies. Even anatomopathological studies, considered the [...] Read more.

Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (ONFH) is a disabling disease affecting up to 30,000 people yearly in the United States alone. Diagnosis and staging of this pathology are both technically and logistically challenging, usually relying on imaging studies. Even anatomopathological studies, considered the gold standard for identifying ONFH, are not exempt from problems. In addition, the diagnosis is often made by different healthcare specialists, including orthopedic surgeons and radiologists, using different imaging modes, macroscopic features, and stages. Therefore, it is not infrequent to find disagreements between different specialists. The aim of this paper is to clarify the association and accuracy of ONFH diagnosis between healthcare professionals. To this end, femoral head specimens from patients with a diagnosis of ONFH were collected from patients undergoing hip replacement surgery. These samples were later histologically analyzed to establish an ONFH diagnosis. We found that clinico-radiological diagnosis of ONFH evidences a high degree of histological confirmation, thus showing an acceptable diagnostic accuracy. However, when the diagnoses of radiologists and orthopedic surgeons are compared with each other, there is only a moderate agreement. Our results underscore the need to develop an effective diagnosis based on a multidisciplinary approach to enhance currently limited accuracy and reliability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1009 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence of Monosodium Urate (MSU) Deposits in Cadavers Detected by Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DECT)

by Andrea S. Klauser, Sylvia Strobl, Christoph Schwabl, Werner Klotz, Gudrun Feuchtner, Bernhard Moriggl, Julia Held, Mihra Taljanovic, Jennifer S. Weaver, Monique Reijnierse, Elke R. Gizewski and Hannes Stofferin

Diagnostics 2022, 12(5), 1240; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051240 - 16 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1782

Abstract

Background: Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) allows direct visualization of monosodium urate (MSU) deposits in joints and soft tissues. Purpose: To describe the distribution of MSU deposits in cadavers using DECT in the head, body trunk, and feet. Materials and Methods: A total of [...] Read more.

Background: Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) allows direct visualization of monosodium urate (MSU) deposits in joints and soft tissues. Purpose: To describe the distribution of MSU deposits in cadavers using DECT in the head, body trunk, and feet. Materials and Methods: A total of 49 cadavers (41 embalmed and 8 fresh cadavers; 20 male, 29 female; mean age, 79.5 years; SD ± 11.3; range 52–95) of unknown clinical history underwent DECT to assess MSU deposits in the head, body trunk, and feet. Lens, thoracic aorta, and foot tendon dissections of fresh cadavers were used to verify MSU deposits by polarizing light microscopy. Results: 33/41 embalmed cadavers (80.5%) showed MSU deposits within the thoracic aorta. 11/41 cadavers (26.8%) showed MSU deposits within the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints and 46.3% of cadavers demonstrated MSU deposits within foot tendons, larger than and equal to 5 mm. No MSU deposits were detected in the cranium/intracerebral vessels, or the coronary arteries. Microscopy used as a gold standard could verify the presence of MSU deposits within the lens, thoracic aorta, or foot tendons in eight fresh cadavers. Conclusions: Microscopy confirmed the presence of MSU deposits in fresh cadavers within the lens, thoracic aorta, and foot tendons, whereas no MSU deposits could be detected in cranium/intracerebral vessels or coronary arteries. DECT may offer great potential as a screening tool to detect MSU deposits and measure the total uric acid burden in the body. The clinical impact of this cadaver study in terms of assessment of MSU burden should be further proven. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 3929 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Short-Term and Long-Term Changes of Nasal Soft Tissue after Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) with Tooth-Borne and Bone-Borne Devices. A CBCT Retrospective Study.

by Pietro Venezia, Ludovica Nucci, Serena Moschitto, Alessia Malgioglio, Gaetano Isola, Vincenzo Ronsivalle, Valeria Venticinque, Rosalia Leonardi, Manuel O. Lagraverè and Antonino Lo Giudice

Diagnostics 2022, 12(4), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12040875 - 31 Mar 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2297

Abstract

The objective of the study was to assess the changes in nasal soft tissues after RME was performed with tooth-borne (TB) and bone-borne (BB) appliances. Methods. This study included 40 subjects with a diagnosis of posterior cross-bite who received tooth-borne RME (TB, average [...] Read more.

The objective of the study was to assess the changes in nasal soft tissues after RME was performed with tooth-borne (TB) and bone-borne (BB) appliances. Methods. This study included 40 subjects with a diagnosis of posterior cross-bite who received tooth-borne RME (TB, average age: 11.75 ± 1.13 years) or bone-borne RME (BB, average age: 12.68 ± 1.31 years). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken before treatment (T0), after a 6-month retention period (T1), and one year after retention (T2). Specific linear measurements of the skeletal components and of the soft-tissue region of the nose were performed. All data were statistically analyzed. Results. Concerning skeletal measurements, the BB group showed a greater skeletal expansion of the anterior and posterior region of the nose compared to the TB group (p < 0.05) immediately after RME. Both TB and BB RME induce a small increment (>1 mm) of the alar base and alar width, without significant differences between the two expansion methods (p > 0.05). A high correlation was found between skeletal and soft-tissue expansion in the TB group; instead, a weaker correlation was found in the BB group. Conclusion. A similar slight increment of the alar width and alar base width was found in both TB and BB groups. However, the clinical relevance of these differences, in terms of facial appearance, remains questionable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lumbar Spine Computed Tomography to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Synthesis Using Generative Adversarial Network: Visual Turing Test

by Ki-Taek Hong, Yongwon Cho, Chang Ho Kang, Kyung-Sik Ahn, Heegon Lee, Joohui Kim, Suk Joo Hong, Baek Hyun Kim and Euddeum Shim

Diagnostics 2022, 12(2), 530; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020530 - 18 Feb 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2070

Abstract

(1) Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play an important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of spinal diseases, especially degenerative spinal diseases. MRI is mainly used to diagnose most spinal diseases because it shows a higher resolution than CT [...] Read more.

(1) Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play an important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of spinal diseases, especially degenerative spinal diseases. MRI is mainly used to diagnose most spinal diseases because it shows a higher resolution than CT to distinguish lesions of the spinal canals and intervertebral discs. When it is inevitable for CT to be selected instead of MR in evaluating spinal disease, evaluation of spinal disease may be limited. In these cases, it is very helpful to diagnose spinal disease with MR images synthesized with CT images. (2) Objective: To create synthetic lumbar magnetic resonance (MR) images from computed tomography (CT) scans using generative adversarial network (GAN) models and assess how closely the synthetic images resembled the true images using visual Turing tests (VTTs). (3) Material and Methods: Overall, 285 patients aged ≥ 40 years who underwent lumbar CT and MRI were enrolled. Based on axial CT and T2-weighted axial MR images from 285 patients, an image synthesis model using a GAN was trained using three algorithms (unsupervised, semi-supervised, and supervised methods). Furthermore, VTT to determine how similar the synthetic lumbar MR images generated from lumbar CT axial images were to the true lumbar MR axial images were conducted with 59 patients who were not included in the model training. For the VTT, we designed an evaluation form comprising 600 randomly distributed axial images (150 true and 450 synthetic images from unsupervised, semi-supervised, and supervised methods). Four readers judged the authenticity of each image and chose their first- and second-choice candidates for the true image. In addition, for the three models, structural similarities (SSIM) were evaluated and the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) was compared among the three methods. (4) Results: The mean accuracy for the selection of true images for all four readers for their first choice was 52.0% (312/600). The accuracies of determining the true image for each reader’s first and first + second choices, respectively, were as follows: reader 1, 51.3% and 78.0%; reader 2, 38.7% and 62.0%, reader 3, 69.3% and 84.0%, and reader 4, 48.7% and 70.7%. In the case of synthetic images chosen as first and second choices, supervised algorithm-derived images were the most often selected (supervised, 118/600 first and 164/600 second; semi-supervised, 90/600 and 144/600; and unsupervised, 80/600 and 114/600). For image quality, the supervised algorithm received the best score (PSNR: 15.987 ± 1.039, SSIM: 0.518 ± 0.042). (5) Conclusion: This was the pilot study to apply GAN to synthesize lumbar spine MR images from CT images and compare training algorithms of the GAN. Based on VTT, the axial MR images synthesized from lumbar CT using GAN were fairly realistic and the supervised training algorithm was found to provide the closest image to true images. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 3365 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Grade 1 and 2 Chondrosarcomas of the Chest Wall: CT Imaging Features and Review of the Literature

by Filippo Del Grande, Shivani Ahlawat, Edward McCarthy and Laura M. Fayad

Diagnostics 2022, 12(2), 292; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020292 - 24 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5022

Abstract

The purpose of our retrospective article is to review the CT imaging features of chondrosarcomas of the chest wall with pathologic correlation. For 26 subjects with biopsy-proven chondrosarcomas of the chest wall, two musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively reviewed 26 CT scans in consensus. Descriptive [...] Read more.

The purpose of our retrospective article is to review the CT imaging features of chondrosarcomas of the chest wall with pathologic correlation. For 26 subjects with biopsy-proven chondrosarcomas of the chest wall, two musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively reviewed 26 CT scans in consensus. Descriptive statistics were performed. The mean tumor size was 57 mm. Twenty (20/26, 77%) chondrosarcomas were located in the ribs and six (6/26, 23%) in the sternum. The majority were lytic (19/26, 73%) with <25% calcification (15/26, 58%), and with a soft tissue mass (22/27, 85%). In this study CT features of grade 1 chondrosarcoma overlapped with those of grade 2 tumors. In conclusion, chondrosarcomas of the chest wall are generally lytic with an associated soft tissue mass, showing little calcified matrix and low-to-intermediate grade. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accuracy of Critical Shoulder Angle and Acromial Index for Predicting Supraspinatus Tendinopathy

by Tzu-Herng Hsu, Che-Li Lin, Chin-Wen Wu, Yi-Wen Chen, Timporn Vitoonpong, Lien-Chieh Lin and Shih-Wei Huang

Diagnostics 2022, 12(2), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020283 - 22 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4753

Abstract

Critical shoulder angle (CSA) is the angle between the superior and inferior bony margins of the glenoid and the most lateral border of the acromion. The acromial index (AI) is the distance from the glenoid plane to the acromial lateral border and is [...] Read more.

Critical shoulder angle (CSA) is the angle between the superior and inferior bony margins of the glenoid and the most lateral border of the acromion. The acromial index (AI) is the distance from the glenoid plane to the acromial lateral border and is divided by the distance from the glenoid plane to the lateral aspect of the humeral head. Although both are used for predicting shoulder diseases, research on their accuracy in predicting supraspinatus tendinopathy in patients with shoulder pain is limited. Data were retrospectively collected from 308 patients with supraspinatus tendinopathy between January 2018 and December 2019. Simultaneously, we gathered the data of 300 patients with shoulder pain without supraspinatus tendinopathy, confirmed through ultrasound examination. Baseline demographic data, CSA, and AI were compared using the independent Student’s t test and Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to investigate the accuracy of CSA and AI for predicting supraspinatus tendinopathy, and the optimal cut-off point was determined using the Youden index. No statistical differences were observed for age, sex, body mass index, evaluated side (dominant), diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia between the groups. The supraspinatus tendinopathy group showed higher CSAs (p < 0.001) than did the non-supraspinatus tendinopathy group. For predicting supraspinatus tendinopathy, the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curve of the CSA was 76.8%, revealing acceptable discrimination. The AUC of AI was 46.9%, revealing no discrimination. Moreover, when patients with shoulder pain had a CSA > 38.11°, the specificity and sensitivity of CSA in predicting supraspinatus tendinopathy were 71.0% and 71.8%, respectively. CSA could be considered an objective assessment tool to predict supraspinatus tendinopathy in patients with shoulder pain. AI revealed no discrimination in predicting supraspinatus tendinopathy in patients with shoulder pain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 3154 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Incidence of Spinal CSF Leakage on CT Myelography in Patients with Nontraumatic Intracranial Subdural Hematoma

by Hyo Jin Kim, Joon Woo Lee, Eugene Lee, Yusuhn Kang and Joong Mo Ahn

Diagnostics 2021, 11(12), 2278; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122278 - 06 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2555

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the incidence of spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in patients with nontraumatic intracranial subdural hematoma (SDH) and determine clinical parameters favoring such leaks. This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. Patients [...] Read more.

The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the incidence of spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in patients with nontraumatic intracranial subdural hematoma (SDH) and determine clinical parameters favoring such leaks. This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. Patients diagnosed with nontraumatic intracranial SDH who underwent computed tomography (CT) myelography between January 2012 and March 2018 were selected. 60 patients (male: female, 39:21; age range, 20–82 years) were enrolled and divided into CSF leak-positive and CSF leak-negative groups according to CT myelography data. Clinical findings were statistically compared between the two groups. Spinal CSF leak was observed in 80% (48/60) of patients, and it was significantly associated with an age of <69 years (p = 0.006). However, patients aged ≥69 years also had a tendency to exhibit spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH)-induced nontraumatic intracranial SDH (60.87%; 14/23). Therefore, CT myelography is recommended to be performed for the evaluation of possible SIH in patients with nontraumatic intracranial SDH, particularly those aged <69 years. Patients aged ≥69 years are also good candidates for CT myelography because SIH tends to occur even in this age group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Other

12 pages, 1273 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advanced Imaging in Multiple Myeloma: New Frontiers for MRI

by Pooya Torkian, Javid Azadbakht, Pietro Andrea Bonaffini, Behrang Amini and Majid Chalian

Diagnostics 2022, 12(9), 2182; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092182 - 09 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2244

Abstract

Plasma cell dyscrasias are estimated to newly affect almost 40,000 people in 2022. They fall on a spectrum of diseases ranging from relatively benign to malignant, the malignant end of the spectrum being multiple myeloma (MM). The International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) has [...] Read more.

Plasma cell dyscrasias are estimated to newly affect almost 40,000 people in 2022. They fall on a spectrum of diseases ranging from relatively benign to malignant, the malignant end of the spectrum being multiple myeloma (MM). The International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) has traditionally outlined the diagnostic criteria and therapeutic management of MM. In the last two decades, novel imaging techniques have been employed for MM to provide more information that can guide not only diagnosis and staging, but also treatment efficacy. These imaging techniques, due to their low invasiveness and high reliability, have gained significant clinical attention and have already changed the clinical practice. The development of functional MRI sequences such as diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) or intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) has made the functional assessment of lesions feasible. Moreover, the growing availability of positron emission tomography (PET)–magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners is leading to the potential combination of sensitive anatomical and functional information in a single step. This paper provides an organized framework for evaluating the benefits and challenges of novel and more functional imaging techniques used for the management of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias, notably MM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 17103 KiB

Open AccessReview

Radiographic Findings of Inflammatory Arthritis and Mimics in the Hands

by Fatemeh Ezzati and Parham Pezeshk

Diagnostics 2022, 12(9), 2134; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092134 - 02 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 19010

Abstract

Clinical presentation could be challenging in patients with arthralgia, and imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of these patients to make the diagnosis or narrow the differential diagnosis. Radiography of the hands is a commonly available imaging modality that can provide [...] Read more.

Clinical presentation could be challenging in patients with arthralgia, and imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of these patients to make the diagnosis or narrow the differential diagnosis. Radiography of the hands is a commonly available imaging modality that can provide crucial information with regard to the pattern and pathology of the involved joints. It is important that radiologists and rheumatologists are familiar with the imaging findings of different rheumatic diseases to make the diagnosis in the early stages of disease to initiate treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

31 pages, 9803 KiB

Open AccessReview

Imaging More than Skin-Deep: Radiologic and Dermatologic Presentations of Systemic Disorders

by Mehrzad Shafiei, Firoozeh Shomal Zadeh, Bahar Mansoori, Hunter Pyle, Nnenna Agim, Jorge Hinojosa, Arturo Dominguez, Cristina Thomas and Majid Chalian

Diagnostics 2022, 12(8), 2011; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12082011 - 19 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2330

Abstract

Background: Cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases are diverse and sometimes precede more serious diseases and symptomatology. Similarly, radiologic imaging plays a key role in early diagnosis and determination of the extent of systemic involvement. Simultaneous awareness of skin and imaging manifestations can help [...] Read more.

Background: Cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases are diverse and sometimes precede more serious diseases and symptomatology. Similarly, radiologic imaging plays a key role in early diagnosis and determination of the extent of systemic involvement. Simultaneous awareness of skin and imaging manifestations can help the radiologist to narrow down differential diagnosis even if imaging findings are nonspecific. Aims: To improve diagnostic accuracy and patient care, it is important that clinicians and radiologists be familiar with both cutaneous and radiologic features of various systemic disorders. This article reviews cutaneous manifestations and imaging findings of commonly encountered systemic diseases. Conclusions: Familiarity with the most disease-specific skin lesions help the radiologist pinpoint a specific diagnosis and consequently, in preventing unnecessary invasive workups and contributing to improved patient care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 657 KiB

Open AccessReview

Emerging Targets for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: New Investigational Methods to Identify Neo-Vessels as Possible Targets for Embolization

by Reza Talaie, Pooya Torkian, Alexander Clayton, Stephanie Wallace, Hoiwan Cheung, Majid Chalian and Jafar Golzarian

Diagnostics 2022, 12(6), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061403 - 06 Jun 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3664

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the major cause of disability, affecting over 30 million US adults. Continued research into the role of neovascularization and inflammation related to osteoarthritis in large-animal models and human clinical trials is paramount. Recent literature on the pathogenetic model of OA [...] Read more.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the major cause of disability, affecting over 30 million US adults. Continued research into the role of neovascularization and inflammation related to osteoarthritis in large-animal models and human clinical trials is paramount. Recent literature on the pathogenetic model of OA has refocused on low-level inflammation, resulting in joint remodeling. As a result, this has redirected osteoarthritis research toward limiting or treating joint changes associated with persistent synovitis. The overall goal of this review is to better understand the cellular and tissue-specific mechanisms of inflammation in relation to a novel OA treatment modality, Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE). This article also assesses the utility and mechanism of periarticular neovascular embolization for the treatment of OA with a particular emphasis on the balance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic cytokines, inflammatory biomarkers, and imaging changes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 10819 KiB

Open AccessReview

Postoperative Findings of Common Foot and Ankle Surgeries: An Imaging Review

by Maryam Soltanolkotabi, Chris Mallory, Hailey Allen, Brian Y. Chan, Megan K. Mills and Richard L. Leake

Diagnostics 2022, 12(5), 1090; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051090 - 27 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6475

Abstract

Foot and ankle surgery is increasingly prevalent. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying common foot and ankle deformities is useful in understanding surgical procedures used to restore normal biomechanics. As surgical techniques evolve, it is important for the radiologist to be familiar with these [...] Read more.

Foot and ankle surgery is increasingly prevalent. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying common foot and ankle deformities is useful in understanding surgical procedures used to restore normal biomechanics. As surgical techniques evolve, it is important for the radiologist to be familiar with these procedures, their expected postoperative appearance, and potential complications. This article reviews the key imaging findings of a variety of common and important foot and ankle surgical procedures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 10410 KiB

Open AccessReview

Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint

by Seyed Mohammad Gharavi, Yujie Qiao, Armaghan Faghihimehr and Josephina Vossen

Diagnostics 2022, 12(4), 1006; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12041006 - 16 Apr 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 15812

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common musculoskeletal condition that causes pain and disability for patients and imposes a high financial burden on the healthcare system. The most common cause of TMD is internal derangement, mainly secondary to articular disc displacement. Multiple other pathologies [...] Read more.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common musculoskeletal condition that causes pain and disability for patients and imposes a high financial burden on the healthcare system. The most common cause of TMD is internal derangement, mainly secondary to articular disc displacement. Multiple other pathologies such as inflammatory arthritis, infection, and neoplasm can mimic internal derangement. MRI is the modality of choice for evaluation of the TMJ. Radiologists need to be familiar with the normal anatomy and function of the TMJ and MR imaging of the internal derangement and other less common pathologies of the TMJ. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

32 pages, 14891 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Posteromedial Lesions of the Chest Wall: What Should a Chest Radiologist Know?

by Sara Haseli, Bahar Mansoori, Mehrzad Shafiei, Firoozeh Shomal Zadeh, Hamid Chalian, Parisa Khoshpouri, David Yousem and Majid Chalian

Diagnostics 2022, 12(2), 301; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020301 - 25 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 8579

Abstract

A heterogeneous group of tumors can affect the posteromedial chest wall. They form diverse groups of benign and malignant (primary or secondary) pathologies that can arise from different chest wall structures, i.e., fat, muscular, vascular, osseous, or neurogenic tissues. Chest radiography is very [...] Read more.

A heterogeneous group of tumors can affect the posteromedial chest wall. They form diverse groups of benign and malignant (primary or secondary) pathologies that can arise from different chest wall structures, i.e., fat, muscular, vascular, osseous, or neurogenic tissues. Chest radiography is very nonspecific for the characterization of chest wall lesions. The modality of choice for the initial assessment of the chest wall lesions is computed tomography (CT). More advanced cross-sectional modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose are usually used for further characterization, staging, treatment response, and assessment of recurrence. A systematic approach based on age, clinical history, and radiologic findings is required for correct diagnosis. It is essential for radiologists to be familiar with the spectrum of lesions that might affect the posteromedial chest wall and their characteristic imaging features. Although the imaging findings of these tumors can be nonspecific, cross-sectional imaging helps to limit the differential diagnosis and determine the further diagnostic investigation (e.g., image-guided biopsy). Specific imaging findings, e.g., location, mineralization, enhancement pattern, and local invasion, occasionally allow a particular diagnosis. This article reviews the posteromedial chest wall anatomy and different pathologies. We provide a combination of location and imaging features of each pathology. We will also explore the role of imaging and its strengths and limitations for diagnosing posteromedial chest wall lesions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Review

3 pages, 2084 KiB

Open AccessInteresting Images

Visualization of Dialysis-Related Amyloid Arthropathy on ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT Scan

by Miju Cheon and Jang Yoo

Diagnostics 2022, 12(1), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010113 - 05 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1441

Abstract

We report a case of dialysis-related amyloid arthropathy in a patient with end-stage renal disease. It presented in our patient as moderately increased FDG uptake in the amyloid deposition in the periarticular tissues and eroding into adjacent bones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Radiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Skeletal Radiology

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (18 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI