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Diagnostics
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Immunohistochemistry in Cancer Diagnoses and Treatments
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Immunohistochemistry in Cancer Diagnoses and Treatments

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 11446

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Tomonori Kawasaki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
Interests: breast; mammary cancer; neuroendocrine neoplasms (tumor/carcinoma); histopathology; immunohistochemistry; cytopathology; thyroid

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an antibody-based technique that analyzes protein expressions on sections retaining tissue structure. Currently, IHC is widely used in both medical research and clinical practice to visualize target antigens in biological samples. In recent years, IHC has also been performed in the area of cytopathology, employing a liquid-based technique.

IHC has played a major role in updating diagnosis and treatment techniques for a wide range of illnesses. Molecular expressions, which can be detected by IHC, have created a new disease concept, and there are many examples of differential diagnoses being clarified with IHC. Recently, biomarker testing with IHC has been used to determine standard first-line treatment. This means that medical procedures cannot be initiated without information on biomarkers that affect standard therapy, for cancer as well as histological diagnoses. IHC, with various clinical significances, is thus widely practiced in routine medical care, and it is necessary to utilize IHC appropriately and link its results to treatment based on an accurate diagnosis.

In fact, the specific objectives of IHC in the clinicopathological setting that merit mention include the confirmation of monoclonal cell growth, differentiation between benign and malignant neoplasms, proliferative potential, differentiations and functions, differential diagnoses, the estimation of the primary site in metastatic cancer of unknown origin, the identification of hormonal and growth factor receptors and the analysis of prognostic factors. Furthermore, for biomedical innovations such as drug development, IHC is employed to detect various proteins to be analyzed.

This section covers the latest topics related to IHC in each of the oncology fields, which facilitate the confirmation of diagnoses and the determination of practical therapeutic strategies.

Prof. Dr. Tomonori Kawasaki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomarker
  • cancer
  • carcinoma
  • cytology
  • diagnosis
  • growth factor receptor
  • histology
  • hormone receptor
  • immunohistochemistry
  • immunostaining
  • neoplasm
  • oncology
  • pathology
  • prognosis
  • treatment

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1257 KiB  
Article
Anti-CK7/CK20 Immunohistochemistry Did Not Associate with the Metastatic Site in TTF-1-Negative Lung Cancer
by Alice Court, David Laville, Sami Dagher, Vincent Grosjean, Pierre Dal-Col, Violaine Yvorel, François Casteillo, Sophie Bayle-Bleuez, Jean-Michel Vergnon and Fabien Forest
Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1589; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071589 - 29 Jun 2022
Viewed by 4014
Abstract
Anti-CK7 and anti-CK20 immunohistochemistry is sometimes used to establish a diagnosis of primary lung cancer. We performed a retrospective study on the value of anti-CK7 and anti-CK20 immunohistochemistry in 359 biopsies of patients with suspected lung carcinoma in order to assess the usefulness [...] Read more.
Anti-CK7 and anti-CK20 immunohistochemistry is sometimes used to establish a diagnosis of primary lung cancer. We performed a retrospective study on the value of anti-CK7 and anti-CK20 immunohistochemistry in 359 biopsies of patients with suspected lung carcinoma in order to assess the usefulness of these antibodies in the evaluation of lung tumors in biopsies. Our results showed TTF-1 positivity in 73.3% of patients. EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements were significantly different between TTF-1 positive and TTF-1 negative tumors (p < 0.001 and p = 0.023, respectively). Our results show a significant difference (p < 0.001) between TTF-1 positive and TTF-1 negative carcinomas with a median survival of 21.97 months (CI95% = 17.48–30.9 months) and 6.52 months (CI95% = 3.34–10.3 months), respectively. In the group of TTF-1 negative patients, anti-CK7 and CK20 immunohistochemistry was performed in 70 patients and showed CK7+/CK20- staining in 61 patients (87.1%), CK7-/CK20- in 4 patients (5.7%), CK7+/CK20+ in 3 patients (4.3%), and CK7-/CK20- in 2 patients (2.8%). No specific or molecular pattern was found in these groups of CK7/CK20 combinations. In total, this work brings arguments concerning the uselessness of anti-CK7/CK20 immunohistochemistry in the case of suspicion of primary lung cancer in biopsies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunohistochemistry in Cancer Diagnoses and Treatments)
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15 pages, 3085 KiB  
Article
Individual and Co-Expression Patterns of FAM83H and SCRIB at Diagnosis Are Associated with the Survival of Colorectal Carcinoma Patients
by Tae Young Jeong, Hae In Lee, Min Su Park, Min Young Seo and Kyu Yun Jang
Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1579; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071579 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1383
Abstract
Background: FAM83H is important in teeth development; however, an increasing number of reports have indicated a role for it in human cancers. FAM83H is involved in cancer progression in association with various oncogenic molecules, including SCRIB. In the analysis of the public database, [...] Read more.
Background: FAM83H is important in teeth development; however, an increasing number of reports have indicated a role for it in human cancers. FAM83H is involved in cancer progression in association with various oncogenic molecules, including SCRIB. In the analysis of the public database, there was a significant association between FAM83H and SCRIB in colorectal carcinomas. However, studies evaluating the association of FAM83H and SCRIB in colorectal carcinoma have been limited. Methods: The clinicopathological significance of the immunohistochemical expression of FAM83H and SCRIB was evaluated in 222 colorectal carcinomas. Results: The expressions of FAM83H and SCRIB were significantly associated in colorectal carcinoma tissue. In univariate analysis, the nuclear expressions of FAM83H and SCRIB and the cytoplasmic expression of SCRIB were significantly associated with shorter survival of colorectal carcinomas. The nuclear expressions of FAM83H and SCRIB and the cytoplasmic expression of SCRIB were independent indicators of shorter cancer-specific survival in multivariate analysis. A co-expression pattern of nuclear FAM83H and cytoplasmic SCRIB predicted shorter cancer-specific survival (p < 0.001) and relapse-free survival (p = 0.032) in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: This study suggests that FAM83H and SCRIB might be used as prognostic markers of colorectal carcinomas and as potential therapeutic targets for colorectal carcinomas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunohistochemistry in Cancer Diagnoses and Treatments)
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13 pages, 2293 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Measurement of Progesterone Receptor Immunohistochemical Expression to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis in Endometrial Cancer
by Yu-Yang Hsiao, Hung-Chun Fu, Chen-Hsuan Wu, Jui Lan, Yu-Che Ou, Ching-Chou Tsai and Hao Lin
Diagnostics 2022, 12(4), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12040790 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1503
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that loss of progesterone receptor (PR) in endometrial cancer (EC) is associated with poor outcomes. Evaluating lymph node metastasis (LNM) is essential, especially before surgical staging. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PR [...] Read more.
Background: Previous studies have shown that loss of progesterone receptor (PR) in endometrial cancer (EC) is associated with poor outcomes. Evaluating lymph node metastasis (LNM) is essential, especially before surgical staging. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PR expression and other clinicopathological parameters in LNM and to develop a prediction model. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated endometrioid-type EC patients treated with staging surgery between January 2015 and March 2020. We analyzed PR status using immunohistochemical staining, and the expression was quantified using the H-score. We identified optimal cut-off values of H-score and CA125 for predicting LNM using receiver operating characteristic curves, and used stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors. A nomogram for predicting LNM was constructed and validated using bootstrap resampling. Results: Of the 310 patients evaluated, the optimal cut-off values of PR H-score and CA125 were 162.5 (AUC 0.670, p = 0.001) and 40 U/mL (AUC 0.739, p < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that CA125 ≥ 40 U/mL (OR: 8.03; 95% CI: 3.44–18.77), PR H-score < 162.5 (OR: 5.22; 95% CI: 1.87–14.60), and tumor grade 2/3 (OR: 3.25; 95% CI: 1.33–7.91) were independent predictors. These three variables were incorporated into a nomogram, which showed effective discrimination with a concordance index of 0.829. Calibration curves for the probability of LNM showed optimal agreement between the probability as predicted by the nomogram and the actual probability. Our model gave a negative predictive value and a negative likelihood ratio of 98.4% and 0.14, respectively. Conclusions: PR H-score along with tumor grade and CA125 are helpful to predict LNM. In addition, our nomogram can aid in decision making with regard to lymphadenectomy in endometrioid-type EC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunohistochemistry in Cancer Diagnoses and Treatments)
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12 pages, 6751 KiB  
Article
Identification of Novel Diagnostic Markers for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Using a Reverse Translational Approach Based on a Rare Synchronous Tumor
by Tomoaki Naka, Yutaka Hatanaka, Yukiko Tabata, Akira Takasawa, Hideo Akiyama, Yasuhiro Hida, Hiromi Okada, Kanako C. Hatanaka, Tomoko Mitsuhashi, Kei Kushitani, Vishwa Jeet Amatya, Yukio Takeshima, Kouki Inai, Kichizo Kaga and Yoshihiro Matsuno
Diagnostics 2022, 12(2), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020316 - 27 Jan 2022
Viewed by 1755
Abstract
Although the routine use of immunohistochemistry has improved the accuracy of histopathologic diagnosis in clinical practice, new methods for discovering novel diagnostic markers are still needed. We sought new diagnostic markers for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) using a reverse translational approach with limited [...] Read more.
Although the routine use of immunohistochemistry has improved the accuracy of histopathologic diagnosis in clinical practice, new methods for discovering novel diagnostic markers are still needed. We sought new diagnostic markers for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) using a reverse translational approach with limited archival tissues from a very rare case. Total RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of a synchronous collision tumor consisting of MPM and pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC) was employed for gene expression profiling (GEP) analysis. Among the 54 genes selected by GEP analysis, we finally identified the following two candidate MPM marker genes: PHGDH and TRIM29. Immunohistochemical analysis of 48 MM and 20 PAC cases showed that both PHGDH and TRIM29 had sensitivity and specificity almost equivalent to those of calretinin (sensitivity 50% and 46% vs. 63%, and specificity 95% and 100% vs. 100%, respectively). Importantly, of the 23 epithelioid MMs, all 3 calretinin-negative cases were positive for TRIM29. These two markers may be diagnostically useful for immunohistochemical distinction between MPMs and PACs. This successful reverse translational approach based on FFPE samples from one very rare case encourages the further use of such samples for the development of novel diagnostic markers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunohistochemistry in Cancer Diagnoses and Treatments)
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Review

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12 pages, 1730 KiB  
Review
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition by Synergy between Transforming Growth Factor-β and Growth Factors in Cancer Progression
by Masao Saitoh
Diagnostics 2022, 12(9), 2127; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092127 - 01 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1751
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in appropriate embryonic development, as well as wound healing, organ fibrosis, and cancer progression. During cancer progression, EMT is associated with the invasion, metastasis, and generation of circulating tumor cells and cancer stem cells, as well [...] Read more.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in appropriate embryonic development, as well as wound healing, organ fibrosis, and cancer progression. During cancer progression, EMT is associated with the invasion, metastasis, and generation of circulating tumor cells and cancer stem cells, as well as resistance to chemo- and radiation therapy. EMT is induced by several transcription factors, known as EMT transcription factors (EMT-TFs). In nearly all cases, EMT-TFs appear to be regulated by growth factors or cytokines and extracellular matrix components. Among these factors, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β acts as the key mediator for EMT during physiological and pathological processes. TGF-β can initiate and maintain EMT by activating intracellular/intercellular signaling pathways and transcriptional factors. Recent studies have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sustained EMT in aggressive cancer cells, EMT induced by TGF-β, and crosstalk between TGF-β and growth factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunohistochemistry in Cancer Diagnoses and Treatments)
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