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Advances in Image-Guided Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Diseases

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A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 14666

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Dr. Yun-jung Bae

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Guest Editor

Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea
Interests: head and neck; magnetic resonance imaging; computed tomography; ultrasonography; nuclear medicine; multimodal imaging; imaging techniques; diagnosis; predictive biomarkers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As imaging techniques become more and more advanced and sophisticated, the radiologic assessment of various head and neck diseases is also soaring to new heights. Recent advances in imaging have enabled precise diagnosis of head and neck diseases and potential prediction of the treatment response, reflecting underlying pathologic and even molecular processes. In this Special Issue, we are planning to focus on research on the use of standard as well as cutting-edge techniques for the head and neck. The scope of this Issue will vary widely, from diagnostic to prognostic biomarkers. Research on the emerging role of radiomics, multimodal and/or functional imaging, and artificial intelligence will also be welcomed. It is exciting to consider how research on imaging will contribute to the clinical management of head and neck diseases. We invite authors to provide their valuable knowledge and experiences with original articles, review papers, and case reports/series.

Dr. Yun-jung Bae
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

head and neck
magnetic resonance imaging
computed tomography
ultrasonography
nuclear medicine
multimodal imaging
imaging techniques
diagnosis
predictive biomarkers

Published Papers (7 papers)

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15 pages, 1849 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Diagnostic Performance and Image Quality between Topup-Corrected and Standard Readout-Segmented Echo-Planar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Cholesteatoma Diagnostics

by Marco Wiesmueller, Wolfgang Wuest, Angelika Mennecke, Matthias Stefan May, Rafael Heiss, Tobit Fuehres, Rolf Janka, Michael Uder, Arnd Doerfler and Frederik Bernd Laun

Diagnostics 2023, 13(7), 1242; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13071242 - 25 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1459

Abstract

This study compares the diagnostic performance and image quality of single-shot turbo spin-echo DWI (tseDWI), standard readout-segmented DWI (rsDWI), and a modified rsDWI version (topupDWI) for cholesteatoma diagnostics. Thirty-four patients with newly suspected unilateral cholesteatoma were examined on a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by calculating and comparing the sensitivity and specificity using histopathological results as the standard of reference. Image quality was independently reviewed by two readers using a 5-point Likert scale evaluating image distortions, susceptibility artifacts, image resolution, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence. Twenty-five cholesteatomas were histologically confirmed after surgery and originated in the study group. TseDWI showed the highest sensitivity with 96% (95% confidence interval (CI): 88–100%), followed by topupDWI with 92% (95% CI: 81–100%) for both readers. The sensitivity for rsDWI was 76% (95% CI: 59–93%) for reader 1 and 84% (95% CI: 70–98%) for reader 2, respectively. Both tseDWI and topupDWI revealed a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 66–100%) and rsDWI of 89% (95% CI: 52–100%). Both tseDWI and topupDWI showed fewer image distortions and susceptibility artifacts compared to rsDWI. Image resolution was consistently rated best for topupDWI, followed by rsDWI, which both outperformed tseDWI. TopupDWI and tseDWI showed comparable results for lesions’ conspicuity and diagnostic confidence, both outperforming rsDWI. Modified readout-segmented DWI using the topup-correction method is preferable to standard rsDWI and may be regarded as an accurate alternative to single-shot turbo spin-echo DWI in cholesteatoma diagnostics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Image-Guided Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Diseases)

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17 pages, 5028 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Brown Adipose Tissue Biodistribution and Correlations Particularities in Parathyroid Pathology Personalized Diagnosis

by Wael Jalloul, Mihaela Moscalu, Irena Grierosu, Teodor Ionescu, Cati Raluca Stolniceanu, Mihai Gutu, Vlad Ghizdovat, Veronica Mocanu, Doina Azoicai, Radu Iliescu, Roxana Moscalu and Cipriana Stefanescu

Diagnostics 2022, 12(12), 3182; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123182 - 16 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1454

Abstract

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) participates in the regulation of whole-body metabolism by producing a variety of adipokines. This study investigates into the BAT pattern and the clinical aspects of overweight and obese (OOB) vs. non-obese (NO) hyperparathyroidism (HPT) patients with the aim of assessing the impact of BAT and obesity on HPT. Parathyroid scans performed on 441 HPT patients between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed in order to select the images with active BAT. Based on their BMI, the patients with active BAT were divided into OOB vs. NO. The results showed that BAT was present in cervical and supraclavicular regions, with a single localization especially among NO vs. multiple sites among OOB. The (total counts/pixels)_BAT/(total counts/pixels)_non-BAT ratio in the right cervical localization showed a significant difference between the groups with higher values in OOB. BMI, PTH, FT4, vitamin D, magnesium, creatinine, and urea had significant correlations with BAT ratios. The predictive values showed that right cervical ratios higher than 1.52 and right supraclavicular ratios lower than 1.15 indicated an increased probability of being OOB. The significant correlations between BAT activation in OOB vs. NO and HPT clinical parameters could be useful for developing potential treatments based on this tissue. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Image-Guided Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Diseases)

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18 pages, 4834 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Change in the Constricted Airway in Patients after Clear Aligner Treatment: A Retrospective Study

by Georgia Fountoulaki and Andrej Thurzo

Diagnostics 2022, 12(9), 2201; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092201 - 11 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2795

Abstract

This retrospective study evaluated changes in the pharyngeal portion of the upper airway in patients with constricted and normal airways treated with clear aligners (Invisalign, Align). Additionally, we assessed the change of tongue position in the oral cavity from a lateral view. Evaluation was performed with specialized software (Invivo 6.0, Anatomage) on pretreatment and post-treatment pairs of cone beam computed tomography imaging (CBCT) data. The level of airway constriction, volume, cross-section minimal area and tongue profile were evaluated. Patients with malocclusion, with pair or initial and finishing CBCT and without significant weight change between the scans, treated with Invisalign clear aligners were distributed into two groups. Group A consisted of fifty-five patients with orthodontic malocclusion and constricted upper airway. Control group B consisted of thirty-one patients with orthodontic malocclusions without any airway constriction. In the group with airway constriction there was a statistically significant increase in volume during therapy (p < 0.001). The surface of the most constricted cross-section of the airway did not change significantly after treatment in any of the groups. The final tongue position was different from the initial position in 62.2% of all clear aligner treatments. The position of the smallest clearance of the airway in the pharynx was similar for both groups localized at the level of 2nd cervical vertebra. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Image-Guided Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Diseases)

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15 pages, 3170 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) Histogram Analysis in Parotid Gland Tumors: Evaluating a Novel Approach for Differentiation between Benign and Malignant Parotid Lesions Based on Full Histogram Distributions

by Tobias Hepp, Wolfgang Wuest, Rafael Heiss, Matthias Stefan May, Markus Kopp, Matthias Wetzl, Christoph Treutlein, Michael Uder and Marco Wiesmueller

Diagnostics 2022, 12(8), 1860; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081860 - 1 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1578

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of ADC distribution curves for differentiation between benign and malignant parotid gland tumors and to compare with mean ADC values. 73 patients with parotid gland tumors underwent head-and-neck MRI on a 1.5 Tesla scanner prior to surgery and histograms of ADC values were extracted. Histopathological results served as a reference standard for further analysis. ADC histograms were evaluated by comparing their similarity to a reference distribution using Chi²-test-statistics. The assumed reference distribution for benign and malignant parotid gland lesions was calculated after pooling the entire ADC data. In addition, mean ADC values were determined. For both methods, we calculated and compared the sensitivity and specificity between benign and malignant parotid gland tumors and three subgroups (pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor, and malignant lesions), respectively. Moreover, we performed cross-validation (CV) techniques to estimate the predictive performance between ADC distributions and mean values. Histopathological results revealed 30 pleomorphic adenomas, 22 Warthin tumors, and 21 malignant tumors. ADC histogram distribution yielded a better specificity for detection of benign parotid gland lesions (ADC_histogram: 75.0% vs. ADC_mean: 71.2%), but mean ADC values provided a higher sensitivity (ADC_mean: 71.4% vs. ADC_histogram: 61.9%). The discrepancies are most pronounced in the differentiation between malignant and Warthin tumors (sensitivity ADC_mean: 76.2% vs. ADC_histogram: 61.9%; specificity ADC_histogram: 81.8% vs. ADC_mean: 68.2%). Using CV techniques, ADC distribution revealed consistently better accuracy to differentiate benign from malignant lesions (“leave-one-out CV” accuracy ADC_histogram: 71.2% vs. ADC_mean: 67.1%). ADC histogram analysis using full distribution curves is a promising new approach for differentiation between primary benign and malignant parotid gland tumors, especially with respect to the advantage in predictive performance based on CV techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Image-Guided Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Diseases)

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14 pages, 3017 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Changing the Toothbrush on the Marginal Gingiva Microcirculation in the Adolescent Population—A Laser Doppler Flowmetry Assessment

by Mariana I. Miron, Madalina Barcutean, Ruxandra E. Luca, Carmen D. Todea, Anca Tudor and Emilia Ogodescu

Diagnostics 2022, 12(8), 1830; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081830 - 29 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2773

Abstract

It is well-known that proper tooth brushing has the effect of stimulating microcirculation in a healthy gingiva. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microcirculation dynamics at the level of healthy marginal gingiva in adolescents after changing their toothbrush. Three evaluation instruments were employed to assess and quantify the effects on the marginal gingiva: the periodontal probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). A total of 12 adolescents, aged between 15 and 20, were enrolled in the study, resulting in a total of 72 frontal upper teeth for PD and GI and 48 gingival interdental sites for LDF assessment. For each measurement, the pulp blood flow signal was recorded for 1 min and represented as a pulsatory signal. Data were collected in four moments: before the toothbrush changed and 24 h, 7 days and 14 days after. For the statistical analysis, the nonparametric Friedman test was applied for comparisons between more than two pair numeric series and for comparisons between two sets of pair values without Gaussian distribution, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied. The paired t test was used for two sets of normally distributed paired values. The results showed that using a new toothbrush in the adolescent population with healthy gingiva can induce statistically significant increases in gingival blood flow, which remain at a high level even at two weeks. The GI also increases significantly at 7 days and 14 days, while the periodontal PD does not change significantly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Image-Guided Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Diseases)

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14 pages, 3008 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Criteria for the Classification of the Interradicular Septum Shape in Maxillary Molars with Clinical Importance for Prosthetic-Driven Immediate Implant Placement

by Jovana Milenkovic, Milica Vasiljevic, Nemanja Jovicic, Dragan Milovanovic, Dragica Selakovic and Gvozden Rosic

Diagnostics 2022, 12(6), 1432; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061432 - 10 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1943

Abstract

The aim of this study was to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the morphometric properties of the interradicular septum (IRS) in the maxillary molar region that may be indicative for prosthetic-driven implant placement. Following the repetitive algorithm based on the visual identification of IRS shapes, we described the following IRS shapes: arrow, boat, drop, and palatal and buccal convergence. The incidence of IRS shapes showed significant differences for the first and second maxillary molars (the highest frequency for the arrow shape, and the lowest for the drop shape) with no significant difference between the molars. The most prominent width indicative for implant placement was observed in the palatal convergence shape, whereas the height criteria were the most satisfying in the buccal convergence-shaped IRS for both molars. Apart from the parameters in the coronal view, the image analysis in the axial view revealed that IRS surface area, required for the implant placement, was the most prominent in the palatal convergence shape for the first, and boat shape for the second molars. Our results showed the benefits of CBCT diagnostics in posterior maxilla morphometric analysis. IRS shape classification may be helpful in achieving more rapid and accurate planning for interventions in this region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Image-Guided Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Diseases)

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13 pages, 1871 KiB

Open AccessGuidelines

Dental Implant Failure Risk in Post Oncological Patients, a Retrospective Study and Sapienza Head and Neck Unit Decisional Protocol- 7 Years of Follow-Up

by Edoardo Brauner, Valentino Valentini, Umberto Romeo, Marco Cantore, Federico Laudoni, Oriana Rajabtork Zadeh, Valeria Formisano, Andrea Cassoni, Marco Della Monaca, Andrea Battisti, Silvia Mezi, Alessio Cirillo, Francesca De Felice, Andrea Botticelli, Vincenzo Tombolini, Marco De Vincentiis, Andrea Colizza, Gianluca Tenore, Antonella Polimeni and Stefano Di Carlo

Diagnostics 2022, 12(8), 1863; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081863 - 2 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1953

Abstract

(1) Background: Patients with head and neck cancer are treated by ablative surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these. The side effects of cancer therapies can compromise conventional prosthesis rehabilitation; therefore, dental implants can result in a more effective solution. The aim of the study is to explain how to rehabilitate a patient that underwent head and neck cancer therapy. (2) Methods: This retrospective study conducted from 2015 to 2021 included 223 postoncological patients, aged between 32 and 80 years old. Eighteen patients did not proceed with any treatment, and two died. Therefore, 203 patients have been analyzed and rehabilitated following our decisional protocol, with a mean period of follow-up of 4 years. The implant placement was considered successful when a mean bone loss of 1.6 mm for the first year and a mean of 0.13 mm in subsequent years occurred (3) Results: A total of 161 patients were rehabilitated with a conventional prosthesis, 42 patients (F:M ratio 19:23) with an implant-supported prosthesis and a total of 200 implants were placed; 9 implants were lost (4.5% of 200 implants). Conclusions: The results confirmed that by following our protocol it is possible to obtain an acceptable rate of implant survival, considering the delicacy and complexity of post-oncological patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Image-Guided Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Diseases)

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