Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of HIV

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 3567

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: HIV; non-AIDS comorbidities; prevention; diagnosis; early diagnosis; telemedicine; polypharmacy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The availability of modern antiretroviral agents has reshaped the care of people living with HIV (PLWH). Today, the undetectability of the plasma viral load in people compliant with antiretroviral treatment (ART) has become something relatively common. Thanks to the efficacy of modern molecules, we can now focus on the long-term outcome in the clinical care of PLWH.

The recent SARS-CoV2 pandemic and the increasing age of the PLWH population represent two of the most significant aspects of the modern scenario in HIV care. During the pandemic, difficulties in assuring the continuum of care and retention in care have led to the introduction of new modalities for the clinical follow-up and management of PLWH. These novelties represent a tremendous opportunity to strengthen long-term retention in the care and treatment compliance of patients. Efficacious and long-lasting retention in care provides advantages for the possibility to prevent comorbidities in PLWH. All of this is particularly important in the context of an ageing population, who are thus more prone to risks linked to non-AIDS comorbidities, polypharmacy, and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19/long-COVID complications. This area of research will gain even more importance in the following years, as the ageing of the population and the incidence of long-COVID sequelae are likely to increase.

Given all of this, we are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue entitled “Improving the Care of People Living With HIV”. For this Special Issue, original research and reviews are welcome; particularly interesting clinical cases will also be considered for publication. Research areas may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Telemedicine and e-health in the management of PLWH;
  • Integrated strategies for the early diagnosis and prevention of complications in PLWH;
  • Diagnosis of COVID-19 sequelae in PLWH;
  • Management of COVID-19 sequelae in PLWH;
  • Screening for the prevention of non-AIDS comorbidities;
  • Early diagnosis of non-AIDS comorbidities;
  • Management of non-AIDS comorbidities;
  • Polypharmacy in PLWH.

Dr. Eugenio Nelson Cavallari
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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11 pages, 614 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of HIV and Viral Hepatitis Markers among Healthcare Workers in the Republic of Guinea
by Yulia V. Ostankova, Alexander N. Shchemelev, Sanaba Boumbaly, Thierno A. L. Balde, Elena B. Zueva, Diana E. Valutite, Elena N. Serikova, Vladimir S. Davydenko, Vsevolod V. Skvoroda, Daria A. Vasileva, Alexander V. Semenov, Elena V. Esaulenko and Areg A. Totolian
Diagnostics 2023, 13(3), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030378 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1802
Abstract
Healthcare workers are much more likely to be infected with HIV and hepatitis viruses compared to the general population. Although healthcare workers are more aware of HIV and hepatitis viruses, several countries in Africa lack a comprehensive grasp of disease routes and transmission [...] Read more.
Healthcare workers are much more likely to be infected with HIV and hepatitis viruses compared to the general population. Although healthcare workers are more aware of HIV and hepatitis viruses, several countries in Africa lack a comprehensive grasp of disease routes and transmission risks. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of the serological and molecular biological markers of HIV and viral hepatitis among healthcare workers in the Republic of Guinea. The study material was 74 blood serum samples collected from healthcare workers who received additional training at the Institute of Applied Biological Research of Guinea (IRBAG, Kindia, Republic of Guinea). The markers examined included HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs IgG, anti-HBcore IgG, anti-HCV qualitative determination, anti-HEV IgM and IgG, anti-HAV IgM and IgG, and anti-HIV. For viral DNA and RNA detection, nucleic acids were extracted from blood serum, and viral presence was inferred using real-time PCR with hybridization fluorescence detection. A high prevalence of viral hepatitis B markers was shown, and significantly fewer cases of viral hepatitis C and HIV were detected. Almost all examined medical workers had anti-HAV IgG antibodies, but no antibodies to hepatitis E virus. Apparently, the identified markers depend on the general prevalence of certain pathogens in the region and are associated with the traditions and characteristics of the country’s residents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of HIV)
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9 pages, 3467 KiB  
Case Report
Porcelain Aorta in a Young Person Living with HIV Who Presented with Angina
by Mircea Bajdechi, Alexandru Scafa-Udriste, Vlad Ploscaru, Lucian Calmac, Teodor Bajeu, Adriana Gurghean and Sorin Rugina
Diagnostics 2022, 12(12), 3147; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123147 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1313
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus have an increased cardiovascular risk due to higher prevalence of traditional risk factors, such as smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, or obesity, and particular risk factors, such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and antiretroviral therapy. Thus, people living with [...] Read more.
People living with human immunodeficiency virus have an increased cardiovascular risk due to higher prevalence of traditional risk factors, such as smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, or obesity, and particular risk factors, such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and antiretroviral therapy. Thus, people living with human immunodeficiency virus can develop accelerated atherosclerosis. The incidence of coronary artery disease in these patients may be twice as high compared with that of HIV-negative individuals with similar characteristics. “Porcelain aorta” is a term used to describe extensive circumferential calcification of the thoracic aorta. The pathophysiology of porcelain aorta is not fully understood. We present a case of a young man who was a smoker and living with HIV since childhood, without other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, who presented to the emergency room with a positive stress test for myocardial ischemia. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed normal regional and global myocardial wall motion, ascending aorta ectasia, and moderate aortic regurgitation. Coronary angiography showed a critical calcified proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis and an important calcification of the thoracic aorta. Therefore, the most important challenge was the management of coronary syndrome in a young person living with HIV, with associated porcelain aorta and aortic regurgitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of HIV)
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