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Diagnostics
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Diagnosis of Dengue and Other Flaviviral Infections
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Diagnosis of Dengue and Other Flaviviral Infections

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 13212

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Day-Yu Chao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
Interests: flavivirus; arbovirus; diagnosis; virus-like particle; antibody response; evolution; quasispecies
Dr. Ranjan Ramasamy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IDFISH Technology, 556 Gibraltar Drive, Milpitas, CA 95035, USA
Interests: immunodiagnostics; molecular diagnostics; vector-borne diseases; immunology and biochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Based on the WHO Report on “Global strategy for dengue prevention and control, 2012-2020”, the specific goal is to reduce mortality and morbidity from dengue by 2020 by at least 50% and 25%, respectively (using 2010 as the baseline). Although mortality from severe dengue is generally low in countries with good clinical management, the morbidity and economic burden on health services remains substantial in endemic settings. Diagnosis of dengue infection cannot only be complicated by a wide variety of conditions, such as co-circulation of other arboviral infection, but also bacterial and parasitic diseases much be considered in the differential diagnosis, depending on local disease epidemiology, travel history, and the clinical picture. The traditional choice of laboratory test relies on the onset of illness. New point-of-care technologies are being developed to improve performance, in some cases with the potential to test for multiple pathogens using a single specimens.

The goal of this Special Issue is to gain insights into how the utilization of new diagnostics in dengue diagnosis affects patient care and health outcomes in LMIC, including cost and discrimination from other flaviviral infection. Special attention can include recent diagnosis of patients co-infected by SARS-CoV-2 and dengue.

Dr. Day-Yu Chao
Dr. Ranjan Ramasamy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dengue
  • diagnosis
  • point-of-case
  • rapid test
  • differentiation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1219 KiB  
Article
Recombinant TBEV Protein E of the Siberian Subtype Is a Candidate Antigen in the ELISA Test System for Differential Diagnosis
by Victoria Baryshnikova, Yuriy Turchenko, Ksenia Tuchynskaya, Ilmira Belyaletdinova, Alexander Butenko, Alena Dereventsova, Georgy Ignatiev, Ivan Kholodilov, Victor Larichev, Ekaterina Lyapeykova, Anastasiya Rogova, Armen Shakaryan, Anna Shishova, Anatoly Gmyl and Galina Karganova
Diagnostics 2023, 13(20), 3277; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13203277 - 23 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1092
Abstract
The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most common members of the Orthoflavivirus genus, which comprises the causative agents of severe diseases in humans and animals. Due to the expanding areas of orthoflavivirus infection, its differential diagnosis is highly demanded. Commercial [...] Read more.
The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most common members of the Orthoflavivirus genus, which comprises the causative agents of severe diseases in humans and animals. Due to the expanding areas of orthoflavivirus infection, its differential diagnosis is highly demanded. Commercial test kits based on inactivated TBEV may not provide reliable differentiation between flaviviruses because of serological crossover in this genus. Application of recombinant domains (sE and dIII) of the TBEV Sukhar-strain protein E as antigens in an ELISA test system allowed us to identify a wide range of antibodies specific to different TBEV strains. We tested 53 sera from human patients with confirmed TBE diagnosis (the efficacy of our test system based on sE protein was 98%) and 56 sera from patients with other orthoflavivirus infections in which no positive ones were detected using our ELISA test system, thus being indicative of its 100% specificity. We also tested mouse and rabbit sera containing antibodies specific to 17 TBEV strains belonging to different subtypes; this assay exhibited high efficacy and differentiation ability in detecting antibodies against TBEV from other orthoflaviviruses such as Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Powassan, yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, Zika, and Japanese encephalitis viruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis of Dengue and Other Flaviviral Infections)
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19 pages, 754 KiB  
Article
Performance of VIDAS® Diagnostic Tests for the Automated Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Antigen and of Anti-Dengue Virus IgM and IgG Antibodies: A Multicentre, International Study
by Alice F. Versiani, Antoinette Kaboré, Ludovic Brossault, Loïc Dromenq, Thayza M. I. L. dos Santos, Bruno H. G. A. Milhim, Cássia F. Estofolete, Assana Cissé, Pegdwendé Abel Sorgho, Florence Senot, Marie Tessonneau, Serge Diagbouga and Mauricio L. Nogueira
Diagnostics 2023, 13(6), 1137; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061137 - 16 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3975
Abstract
Dengue is a serious mosquito-transmitted disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). Rapid and reliable diagnosis of DENV infection is urgently needed in dengue-endemic regions. We describe here the performance evaluation of the CE-marked VIDAS® dengue immunoassays developed for the automated detection [...] Read more.
Dengue is a serious mosquito-transmitted disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). Rapid and reliable diagnosis of DENV infection is urgently needed in dengue-endemic regions. We describe here the performance evaluation of the CE-marked VIDAS® dengue immunoassays developed for the automated detection of DENV NS1 antigen and anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies. A multicenter concordance study was conducted in 1296 patients from dengue-endemic regions in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. VIDAS® dengue results were compared to those of competitor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The VIDAS® dengue assays showed high precision (CV ≤ 10.7%) and limited cross-reactivity (≤15.4%) with other infections. VIDAS® DENGUE NS1 Ag showed high positive and negative percent agreement (92.8% PPA and 91.7% NPA) in acute patients within 0–5 days of symptom onset. VIDAS® Anti-DENGUE IgM and IgG showed a moderate-to-high concordance with ELISA (74.8% to 90.6%) in post-acute and recovery patients. PPA was further improved in combined VIDAS® NS1/IgM (96.4% in 0–5 days acute patients) and IgM/IgG (91.9% in post-acute patients) tests. Altogether, the VIDAS® dengue NS1, IgM, and IgG assays performed well, either alone or in combination, and should be suitable for the accurate diagnosis of DENV infection in dengue-endemic regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis of Dengue and Other Flaviviral Infections)
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12 pages, 3681 KiB  
Article
Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infections Imported to Hungary and Phylogenetic Analysis of Virus Isolates
by Orsolya Nagy, Anna Nagy, Anita Koroknai, Nikolett Csonka and Mária Takács
Diagnostics 2023, 13(5), 873; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13050873 - 24 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1385
Abstract
Background: Dengue virus is one of the most important arbovirus infections of public health concern. Between 2017 and June 2022, 75 imported dengue infections were confirmed by laboratory diagnostic methods in Hungary. Our study aimed to isolate the imported Dengue strains and characterize [...] Read more.
Background: Dengue virus is one of the most important arbovirus infections of public health concern. Between 2017 and June 2022, 75 imported dengue infections were confirmed by laboratory diagnostic methods in Hungary. Our study aimed to isolate the imported Dengue strains and characterize them by whole-genome sequencing. Methods: Laboratory diagnosis of imported infections was carried out using both serological and molecular methods. Virus isolation was attempted on Vero E6 cell lines. An in-house amplicon-based whole-genome sequencing method was applied for the detailed molecular characterization of the isolated virus strains. Results: From 75 confirmed Dengue infected patients, 68 samples were used for virus isolation. Isolation and whole-genome sequencing were successful in the case of eleven specimens. Isolated strains belonged to Dengue-1,-2,-3 serotypes. Discussion: The isolated strains corresponded to the circulating genotypes of the visited geographic area, and some of the genotypes were linked with more severe DENV cases in the literature. We found that multiple factors, including viral load, specimen type, and patient antibody status, influence the isolation efficacy. Conclusions: Analysis of imported DENV strains can help estimate the outcomes of a possible local DENV transmission in Hungary, a threat from the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis of Dengue and Other Flaviviral Infections)
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13 pages, 1049 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Two Serological Assays for Diagnosing Zika Virus Infection
by Steev Loyola, Alfredo Huaman, Dina Popuche, Elizabeth Castillo, Julia S. Ampuero, Maria Silva, Carolina Guevara and Douglas M. Watts
Diagnostics 2021, 11(9), 1696; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091696 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1929
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged and spread rapidly in South American countries during 2015. Efforts to diagnose ZIKV infection using serological tools were challenging in dengue-endemic areas because of antigenic similarities between both viruses. Here, we assessed the performance of an in-house developed IgM [...] Read more.
Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged and spread rapidly in South American countries during 2015. Efforts to diagnose ZIKV infection using serological tools were challenging in dengue-endemic areas because of antigenic similarities between both viruses. Here, we assessed the performance of an in-house developed IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) and the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) to diagnose ZIKV infection. Acute and convalescent paired serum samples from 51 patients who presented with clinical symptoms suggestive of an arbovirus illness in dengue-endemic areas of Honduras, Venezuela, Colombia and Peru were used in the assessment. Samples were tested for ZIKV, dengue and chikungunya virus using a variety of laboratory techniques. The results for the ZIKV-RNA screening and seroconversion detected by the microneutralization test were used to construct a composite reference standard. The overall sensitivity and specificity for the MAC-ELISA were 93.5% and 100.0%, respectively. Contrastingly, the overall sensitivity and specificity for the PRNT were 96.8% and 95.0%, respectively. Restricting the analysis according to IgM or neutralizing antibodies against dengue, the performances of both serological assays were adequate. The findings of this study reveal that the MAC-ELISA and PRNT would provide initial reliable laboratory diagnostic assays for ZIKV infection in dengue-endemic areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis of Dengue and Other Flaviviral Infections)
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11 pages, 628 KiB  
Article
Analysis of a Routinely Used Commercial Anti-Chikungunya IgM ELISA Reveals Cross-Reactivities with Dengue in Brazil: A New Challenge for Differential Diagnosis?
by Monique da Rocha Queiroz Lima, Raquel Curtinhas de Lima, Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo and Flavia Barreto dos Santos
Diagnostics 2021, 11(5), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050819 - 30 Apr 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3320
Abstract
In Brazil, chikungunya emerged in 2014, and by 2016, co-circulated with other arbovirosis, such as dengue and zika. ELISAs (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays) are the most widely used approach for arboviruses diagnosis. However, some limitations include antibody cross reactivities when viruses belong to the [...] Read more.
In Brazil, chikungunya emerged in 2014, and by 2016, co-circulated with other arbovirosis, such as dengue and zika. ELISAs (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays) are the most widely used approach for arboviruses diagnosis. However, some limitations include antibody cross reactivities when viruses belong to the same genus, and sensitivity variations in distinct epidemiological scenarios. As chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus, no serological cross reactivity with dengue virus (DENV) should be observed. Here, we evaluated a routinely used chikungunya commercial IgM (Immunoglobulin M) ELISA test (Anti-Chikungunya IgM ELISA, Euroimmun) to assess its performance in confirming chikungunya in a dengue endemic area. Samples (n = 340) representative of all four DENV serotypes, healthy individuals and controls were tested. The Anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA test had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 25.3% due to the cross reactivities observed with dengue. In dengue acute cases, the chikungunya test showed an overall cross-reactivity of 31.6%, with a higher cross-reactivity with DENV-4. In dengue IgM positive cases, the assay showed a cross-reactivity of 46.7%. Serological diagnosis may be challenging and, despite the results observed here, more evaluations shall be performed. Because distinct arboviruses co-circulate in Brazil, reliable diagnostic tools are essential for disease surveillance and patient management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis of Dengue and Other Flaviviral Infections)
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