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Crystals
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Correlation between Microstructure and Macromechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing and...
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Correlation between Microstructure and Macromechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing and Welding

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 December 2022) | Viewed by 10184

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Qian Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
Interests: cold spray; additive manufacturing; welding; grain refinement; mechanical property; FEM simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Wei Fu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: laser cladding; welding; brazing; wetting behavior; microstructure; mechanical property
Dr. Feng Jin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Interests: welding; friction stir; microstructure; recrystallization; solid-state bonding; mechanical property
Dr. Min Lei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
Interests: laser; electron beam; remelting; brazing; interfacial microstructure; mechanical property
Dr. Junmiao Shi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
Interests: additive manufacturing; welding; microstructural evolution; diffusion bonding; residual stress; fatigue strength
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Additive manufacturing and welding are effective means of building materials from micro to macro scale. In particular, additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has attracted a lot of attention because of its ability to build complex parts directly by accumulating materials layer by layer. Welding can enable reliable bonding between dissimilar metallic materials or even metals and ceramics. To date, additive manufacturing and welding technologies have been extensively researched in recent years. Nevertheless, the correlation between microstructure and macromechanical properties is still not sufficiently clear, limiting the performance improvement of additive manufacturing or welding parts. This Special Issue aims to bring together state-of-the-art research results, including but not limited to microstructure formation and macromechanical properties in additive manufacturing or welding, and to help researchers around the world to better track the latest research progress and further advance the development of additive manufacturing and welding together to make high-performance parts.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Process-structure-performance relationships;
  • Microstructure evolution and its formation mechanism;
  • Residual stress distribution and its formation mechanism;
  • Micro-and macromechanical properties;
  • Role of microstructure in mechanical properties;
  • Additive manufacturing and welding of high-performance parts;
  • Future perspectives for additive manufacturing and welding.

Dr. Qian Wang
Dr. Wei Fu
Dr. Feng Jin
Dr. Min Lei
Dr. Junmiao Shi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • additive manufacturing
  • welding
  • laser 
  • cold spray
  • brazing
  • friction stir
  • diffusion bonding
  • microstructural evolution
  • macromechanical properties
  • FEM simulation

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 171 KiB  
Editorial
Correlation between Microstructure and Macromechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing and Welding
by Qian Wang, Wei Fu, Feng Jin, Min Lei and Junmiao Shi
Crystals 2023, 13(3), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030388 - 24 Feb 2023
Viewed by 811
Abstract
We have recently published a Special Issue of “Correlation between Microstructure and Macromechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing and Welding” [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Correlation between Microstructure and Macromechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing and Welding)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

12 pages, 6046 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded Magnesium Alloy/Steel Joint Using Cu-Si Composite Interlayer
by Kai Yu, Min Lei, Aori Zeng and Hua Zhang
Crystals 2022, 12(8), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081083 - 02 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1478
Abstract
In this study, Cu-Si composite powder was used as the interlayer to carry out laser lap deep penetration welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy and DP590 dual-phase steel. The effects of Cu-Si composite powder on the weld formation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of magnesium [...] Read more.
In this study, Cu-Si composite powder was used as the interlayer to carry out laser lap deep penetration welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy and DP590 dual-phase steel. The effects of Cu-Si composite powder on the weld formation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy and steel joint were studied. The results show that the addition of Si can improve the laser absorption rate of the interlayer and increase the melting depth at the magnesium side. In addition, the Cu-Si composite interlayer hindered the diffusion of Al, and reduced the thickness of reactive layer at the magnesium alloy and the steel interface. After adding Si into the interlayer, the reactive layer changed from Fe3Al+α-Mg to Fe-(Al, Si) +α-Mg and the content of intermetallic compounds in the reactive layer decreased, which improved the plastic deformation capacity and the ductility of the reactive layer. As a result, the tensile shear force firstly increased and then decreased with the Si increase. The maximum tensile shear force of 86.2 N/mm was achieved when the Si content was 5%, which was 20.4% higher than that of the Cu interlayer. Plus, the fracture location changed from near the steel side to near the magnesium side weld. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Correlation between Microstructure and Macromechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing and Welding)
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14 pages, 4947 KiB  
Article
Wettability and Spreading Behavior of Sn–Ti Alloys on Si3N4
by Huaijin Wang, Wei Fu, Yidi Xue, Shihui Huo, Min Guo, Shengpeng Hu and Xiaoguo Song
Crystals 2022, 12(7), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12070921 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1642
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the wetting behavior and interfacial reactions of Sn-Ti alloys, which has been widely applied to join ceramics with metals, on Si3N4 substrates. The isothermal wetting process of Sn-xTi alloys (x = 0.5, [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the wetting behavior and interfacial reactions of Sn-Ti alloys, which has been widely applied to join ceramics with metals, on Si3N4 substrates. The isothermal wetting process of Sn-xTi alloys (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 wt.%) on Si3N4 was systematically studied from 1223 K to 1273 K through sessile drop methods. The microstructures of the interface were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microscope (SEM). The active Ti element remarkably enhanced the wettability of Sn-xTi melts on Si3N4 substrates because of the formation of metallic reaction layers (Ti5Si3 and TiN). With the Ti content rising, thicker Ti5Si3 layer formed on the TiN phase inducing a lower equilibrium contact angle. The value of the lowest contact angle was 6°, which was obtained in the Sn-2.0Ti/Si3N4 system at 1273 K. Larger Ti5Si3 grains were found in Sn-2.5Ti melt and a higher final contact angle was obtained. Lower temperature increased the final contact angle and slowed down the spreading rate. The formation of reaction products was calculated thematically, and the spreading kinetics was calculated according to the reaction-driven theory. The spreading behavior of Sn-Ti alloy on Si3N4 ceramic was composed of rapid-spreading stage and sluggish-spreading stage. The calculated activity energy of spreading was 395 kJ/mol. Eventually, the wetting process of Sn-2.0Ti/Si3N4 system was successfully elucidated. These results provide significant guidance information for the brazing between metals and Si3N4 ceramic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Correlation between Microstructure and Macromechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing and Welding)
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10 pages, 4550 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Noise Response of Cr2Nb Powders Applying Mechanical Alloying
by Claudia Georgina Nava-Dino, Juan Pablo Flores-De los Ríos, Maria Cristina Maldonado-Orozco, Mario Sánchez-Carrillo, Raul German Bautista-Margulis, Anabel De la Cruz Delgado and Facundo Almeraya-Calderón
Crystals 2022, 12(4), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12040482 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1526
Abstract
Cr2Nb alloys are potential candidates for high-temperature structural materials. The influence of different mechanical alloying parameters (milling time) and sintering processes were studied. After mechanical alloying and observation by scanning electron microscope (SEM), nano powders were characterized and then sintered by [...] Read more.
Cr2Nb alloys are potential candidates for high-temperature structural materials. The influence of different mechanical alloying parameters (milling time) and sintering processes were studied. After mechanical alloying and observation by scanning electron microscope (SEM), nano powders were characterized and then sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Electrochemical noise (EN) tests were also conducted in order to study the electrochemical behavior. From the current experimental results, it was revealed that ball milling times up to 20 h may explain the influence of Nb–Cr alloys and its association to the Laves phase and corrosion behavior. These insights aimed at improving the samples’ predicted behavior before spending time and resources at high-temperature industrial processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Correlation between Microstructure and Macromechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing and Welding)
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9 pages, 4235 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Properties of Directionally Solidified Ni-Al Based Alloys Modified by Molybdenum
by Jitka Malcharcziková, Kateřina Skotnicová, Petr Kawulok, Rostislav Kawulok, Ivo Szurman and Jana Růžička
Crystals 2022, 12(2), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020215 - 31 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1657
Abstract
Ni-Al-Mo based alloys can be used as materials for high temperature applications. They can be prepared by various techniques such as an electron beam zone melting, which allows us to obtain the alloys with a directionally solidified structure and unique properties. A plasma-melted [...] Read more.
Ni-Al-Mo based alloys can be used as materials for high temperature applications. They can be prepared by various techniques such as an electron beam zone melting, which allows us to obtain the alloys with a directionally solidified structure and unique properties. A plasma-melted Ni-Mo master alloy was used for the preparation of the experimental alloys. Ni-Al-Mo alloys were melted in an induction furnace and then cast centrifugally in the form of bars. These bars were then re-melted in the electron beam zone furnace. The structure of these alloys was multi-phase. The structure was formed by the phases Ni3(Al,Mo) and (Ni) with variable content of molybdenum. The structure also contained particles rich in molybdenum (Mo, MoNi). The alloys were submitted to the compression tests at a temperature of 800 °C. The yield strength of alloys achieved the value of approx. 800 MPa. The different molybdenum content affected the values of the maximal flow stress. The alloys with higher molybdenum content showed higher maximal flow stress, namely approx. 1300 MPa. The results show that these alloys are very promising for the production of structural components operating at elevated temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Correlation between Microstructure and Macromechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing and Welding)
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13 pages, 5457 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Addition of Ni on as-Cast Microstructure of Duplex Fe-Mn-Al-C Lightweight Steel
by Jaka Burja, Barbara Šetina Batič and Tilen Balaško
Crystals 2021, 11(12), 1551; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121551 - 11 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2232
Abstract
Lightweight Fe-Mn-Al-C steels have low density, and high mechanical properties, which makes them a possibility for weight reduction in vehicles for road transport. In steel production, as-cast microstructure is an important parameter for further processing. The as-cast microstructure of five lightweight duplex steels [...] Read more.
Lightweight Fe-Mn-Al-C steels have low density, and high mechanical properties, which makes them a possibility for weight reduction in vehicles for road transport. In steel production, as-cast microstructure is an important parameter for further processing. The as-cast microstructure of five lightweight duplex steels was investigated: Fe-15Mn-10Al-0.8C, Fe-15Mn-10Al-1.7Ni-0.8C, Fe-15Mn-10Al-3.9Ni-0.8C, Fe-15Mn-10Al-5.6Ni-0.8C and Fe-15Mn-10Al-8.6Ni-0.8C. The influence of Ni was analysed through thermodynamic calculations and microstructural characterization. The samples were analysed through an optical and electron microscopy. The base microstructure of the studied steel consists of ferrite and austenite. Further investigation showed that the decomposition of austenite was accompanied by the formation of kappa carbides and the B2 ordered phase. The addition of Ni prevented the formation of a lamellar kappa ferrite morphology, but at 5.6 wt.% Ni, the decomposition of austenite was most severe, resulting in a large amount of kappa carbides and a B2 ordered phase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Correlation between Microstructure and Macromechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing and Welding)
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