Eutectic Solvents

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Macromolecular Crystals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 22829

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Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Collegium Medicum of Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: theoretical chemistry; in silico modeling; solution thermodynamics; new materials screening
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Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Physical Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Interests: solubility of pharmaceuticals; natural deep eutectic solvents; ionic liquids; binary solvents; solution thermodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Eutectic molecular liquids (EMLs) as functional liquid media have attracted great attention for their extreme broad range of applications granted from their special and tunable properties. Thousands of research projects have been successively launched, revolutionizing, among others such areas, green chemistry formulations, organic synthesis and catalysis, alternative media for metal processing, selective purification with extraction and micro-extraction, recovery of natural products, effective dissolution media, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations, biorenewable polymers processing, energy storage and energy transportation, nanofluids, nanomaterials preparation, supercapacitors, and luminescent materials or electrochromic devices.

This variety of applications originated from a diversity of possible formulations encompassing simple molecular eutectic systems, eutectic metal and organic alloys, ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES) and also natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). Apart from experimental studies, new theoretical issues have emerged around in silico modeling, including quantum chemistry approaches, molecular dynamic studies, and linear and nonlinear modeling, including QSPR and neural networks.

We invite researchers to seize this opportunity to take part of a unique multidisciplinary forum covering broad theoretical and practical aspects of EMLs and to contribute to the Special Issue on eutectic solvents not only to comprehensively review and systematize accumulated knowledge but also to present new features worth sharing with the scientific community.

The potential topics include but are not limited to EMLs:

-    Synthesis and stability;

-    Properties, including bioproperties;

-    Instrumental characteristics;

-    Theoretical considerations;

-    Structure to properties relationships;

-    Practical applications.

Prof. Piotr Cysewski
Dr. Tomasz Jeliński
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Functional Liquid Media (FLM)
  • Eutectic Mixtures (EM)
  • Ionic Liquids (IL)
  • Deep eutectic solvents (DES)
  • Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES)

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 363 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue Editorial: Eutectic Solvents
by Piotr Cysewski
Crystals 2020, 10(10), 932; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100932 - 13 Oct 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2364
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) is an umbrella term covering a variety of sub-definitions that focus on more specific subjects [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eutectic Solvents)
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Research

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22 pages, 323 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Spruce Bark Extracts Isolated by Deep Eutectic Solvents
by Michal Jablonsky, Veronika Majova, Petra Strizincova, Jozef Sima and Jozef Jablonsky
Crystals 2020, 10(5), 402; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10050402 - 16 May 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4610
Abstract
Extracts from spruce bark obtained using different deep eutectic solvents were screened for their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities. Water containing choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with lactic acid and 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol, with different molar ratios, were [...] Read more.
Extracts from spruce bark obtained using different deep eutectic solvents were screened for their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities. Water containing choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with lactic acid and 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol, with different molar ratios, were used as extractants. Basic characteristics of the DESs (density, viscosity, conductivity, and refractive index) were determined. All the DESs used behave as Newtonian liquids. The extractions were performed for 2 h at 60 °C under continuous stirring. TPC was determined spectrophotometrically, using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The antioxidant activity was determined spectrophotometrically by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The TPC varied from 233.6 to 596.2 mg GAE/100 g dry bark; radical scavenging activity (RSA) ranged between 81.4% and 95%. This study demonstrated that deep eutectic solvents are suitable solvents for extracting phenolic compounds from spruce bark. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eutectic Solvents)
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Review

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20 pages, 1278 KiB  
Review
Ionic Liquids/Deep Eutectic Solvents-Based Hybrid Solvents for CO2 Capture
by Yanrong Liu, Zhengxing Dai, Fei Dai and Xiaoyan Ji
Crystals 2020, 10(11), 978; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10110978 - 29 Oct 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3441
Abstract
The CO2 solubilities (including CO2 Henry’s constants) and viscosities in ionic liquids (ILs)/deep eutectic solvents (DESs)-based hybrid solvents were comprehensively collected and summarized. The literature survey results of CO2 solubility illustrated that the addition of hybrid solvents to ILs/DESs can [...] Read more.
The CO2 solubilities (including CO2 Henry’s constants) and viscosities in ionic liquids (ILs)/deep eutectic solvents (DESs)-based hybrid solvents were comprehensively collected and summarized. The literature survey results of CO2 solubility illustrated that the addition of hybrid solvents to ILs/DESs can significantly enhance the CO2 solubility, and some of the ILs-based hybrid solvents are super to DESs-based hybrid solvents. The best hybrid solvents of IL–H2O, IL–organic, IL–amine, DES–H2O, and DES–organic are [DMAPAH][Formate] (2.5:1) + H2O (20 wt %) (4.61 mol/kg, 298 K, 0.1 MPa), [P4444][Pro] + PEG400 (70 wt %) (1.61 mol/kg, 333.15 K, 1.68 MPa), [DMAPAH][Formate] (2.0:1) + MEA (30 wt %) (6.24 mol/kg, 298 K, 0.1 MPa), [TEMA][Cl]-GLY-H2O 1:2:0.11 (0.66 mol/kg, 298 K, 1.74 MPa), and [Ch][Cl]-MEA 1:2 + DBN 1:1 (5.11 mol/kg, 298 K, 0.1 MPa), respectively. All of these best candidates show higher CO2 solubility than their used pure ILs or DESs, evidencing that IL/DES-based hybrid solvents are remarkable for CO2 capture. For the summarized viscosity results, the presence of hybrid solvents in ILs and DESs can decrease their viscosities. The lowest viscosities acquired in this work for IL–H2O, IL–amine, DES–H2O, and DES–organic hybrid solvents are [DEA][Bu] + H2O (98.78 mol%) (0.59 mPa·s, 343.15 K), [BMIM][BF4] + DETA (94.9 mol%) (2.68 mPa·s, 333.15 K), [L-Arg]-GLY 1:6 + H2O (60 wt %) (2.7 mPa·s, 353.15 K), and [MTPP][Br]-LEV-Ac 1:3:0.03 (16.16 mPa·s, 333.15 K) at 0.1 MPa, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eutectic Solvents)
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20 pages, 845 KiB  
Review
Processing of Functional Composite Resins Using Deep Eutectic Solvent
by Jing Xue, Jing Wang, Daoshuo Feng, Haofei Huang and Ming Wang
Crystals 2020, 10(10), 864; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100864 - 24 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3917
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs)—a promising class of alternatives to conventional ionic liquids (ILs) that have freezing points lower than the individual components—are typically formed from two or more components through hydrogen bond interactions. Due to the remarkable advantages of biocompatibility, economical feasibility and [...] Read more.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs)—a promising class of alternatives to conventional ionic liquids (ILs) that have freezing points lower than the individual components—are typically formed from two or more components through hydrogen bond interactions. Due to the remarkable advantages of biocompatibility, economical feasibility and environmental hospitality, DESs show great potentials for green production and manufacturing. In terms of the processing of functional composite resins, DESs have been applied for property modifications, recyclability enhancement and functionality endowment. In this review, the applications of DESs in the processing of multiple functional composite resins such as epoxy, phenolic, acrylic, polyester and imprinted resins, are covered. Functional composite resins processed with DESs have attracted much attention of researchers in both academic and industrial communities. The tailored properties of DESs for the design of functional composite resins—as well as the effects of hydrogen bond on the current polymeric systems—are highlighted. In addition to the review of current works, the future perspectives of applying DESs in the processing of functional composite resins are also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eutectic Solvents)
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37 pages, 431 KiB  
Review
Phytomass Valorization by Deep Eutectic Solvents—Achievements, Perspectives, and Limitations
by Michal Jablonský and Jozef Šima
Crystals 2020, 10(9), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090800 - 10 Sep 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3562
Abstract
In recent years, a plethora of extraction processes have been performed by a novel class of green solvents known as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), possessing several environmental, operational, and economic advantages proven by experience when compared to organic solvents and ionic liquids. The [...] Read more.
In recent years, a plethora of extraction processes have been performed by a novel class of green solvents known as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), possessing several environmental, operational, and economic advantages proven by experience when compared to organic solvents and ionic liquids. The present review provides an organized overview of the use of DESs as extraction agents for the recovery of valuable substances and compounds from the original plant biomass, waste from its processing, and waste from the production and consumption of plant-based food. For the sake of simplicity and speed of orientation, the data are, as far as possible, arranged in a table in alphabetical order of the extracted substances. However, in some cases, the isolation of several substances is described in one paper and they are, therefore, listed together. The table further contains a description of the extracted phytomass, DES composition, extraction conditions, and literature sources. With regard to extracted value-added substances, this review addresses their pharmacological, therapeutic, and nutritional aspects. The review also includes an evaluation of the possibilities and limitations of using DESs to obtain value-added substances from phytomass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eutectic Solvents)
12 pages, 667 KiB  
Review
Involvement of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Extraction by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers—A Minireview
by Michal Jablonský, Veronika Majová, Jozef Šima, Katarína Hroboňová and Anna Lomenová
Crystals 2020, 10(3), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10030217 - 19 Mar 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4272
Abstract
Substantial research activity has been focused on new modes of extraction and refining processes during the last decades. In this field, coverage of the recovery of bioactive compounds and the role of green solvents such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs) also gradually increases. [...] Read more.
Substantial research activity has been focused on new modes of extraction and refining processes during the last decades. In this field, coverage of the recovery of bioactive compounds and the role of green solvents such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs) also gradually increases. A specific field of DESs involvement is represented by molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The current state and prospects of implementing DESs in MIPs chemistry are, based on the accumulated experimental data so far, evaluated and discussed in this minireview. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eutectic Solvents)
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