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Crystals
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Microstructure and Deformation of Advanced Alloys
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Microstructure and Deformation of Advanced Alloys

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 July 2024 | Viewed by 3424

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuanbiao Tan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Guizhou Key Laboratory of Materials Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
Interests: non-ferrous metals and alloys; microstructure evolution; texture evolution; deformation behavior; mechanical properties; hot-working; cold-working
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nikolai Zarkevich

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Interests: alloy thermodynamics; guided design of advanced alloys
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The microstructure evolution and deformation mechanisms in alloys were researched during over eight decades. While the initial work was mostly experimental, studies of defects (including dislocations) and their motion during deformations resulted in mathematical models describing deformation mechanisms. In spite of a great progress in this field, there remain important unresolved research topics. Collected in this Topic are contributions related to characterization of defects, microstructure evolution, deformation modelling, design of advanced alloys, and alloy processing during manufacturing (including additive manufacturing and thermomechanical treatment). The goal of this Special Issue of Crystals is to elucidate the relationships among behaviour of defects, microstructure evolution, deformations, and thermomechanical properties of advanced alloys, which are used for various applications (including energy generation and conversion, transportation and propulsion), relevant to energy, transportation, and aerospace industries. Submissions to this Special Issue are welcome in the following areas:

Physics-based deformation models;

Microstructure evolution and deformation;

Alloy properties at low or high operating temperatures;

Plasticity models;

Deformation models that bridge multiple length scales;

Deformation mechanisms in 3D-printed materials and components;

Validation of theoretical predictions;

Illustration of deformation modelling in engineering applications.

It is a pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for publication in this Special Issue. Research papers, communications, and reviews are welcome.

Dr. Yuanbiao Tan
Dr. Nikolai Zarkevich
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metals and alloys
  • defects
  • texture
  • microstructure
  • deformation
  • aging
  • properties
  • hot-working
  • cold-working

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 13367 KiB  
Article
Simulation and Experimental Study of Hot Deformation Behavior in Near β Phase Region for TC21 Alloy with a Forged Structure
by Xuanming Ji, Qimei Tian, Yuanbiao Tan, Chaowen Huang, Mingpan Wan and Rudong Li
Crystals 2023, 13(10), 1524; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101524 - 20 Oct 2023
Viewed by 779
Abstract
Quasi-beta processing was considered to be a promising processing method to obtain a component with excellent mechanical properties. To achieve an optimized quasi-beta processing parameter for TC21 alloys, the hot deformation behavior in the near β phase region for the alloy with a [...] Read more.
Quasi-beta processing was considered to be a promising processing method to obtain a component with excellent mechanical properties. To achieve an optimized quasi-beta processing parameter for TC21 alloys, the hot deformation behavior in the near β phase region for the alloy with a forged structure was investigated by the thermal compression test and finite element (FEM) simulation. The obtained results indicated that the flow behavior of the samples was significantly influenced by the hot deformation parameters, and it exhibited a flow hardening behavior at the start stage of deformation. Based on the experimental data, the constitutive equation and processing maps were obtained. The optimum hot processing parameter was 986 °C/10−3 s−1. Based on the FEM simulation results, the evolution of the temperature field, strain field, and stress field in the deformed samples at different strains exhibited a similar trend in the unstable region, which was distributed symmetrically along the center line of the samples, with the center area of the samples being the highest and the center area of the section being the lowest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Deformation of Advanced Alloys)
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8 pages, 11644 KiB  
Communication
A Machine Learning Approach for Segmentation and Characterization of Microtextured Regions in a Near-α Titanium Alloy
by Haodong Rao, Dong Liu, Feng Jin, Nan Lv, Jungang Nan, Haiping Wang, Yanhui Yang and Jianguo Wang
Crystals 2023, 13(10), 1422; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101422 - 25 Sep 2023
Viewed by 761
Abstract
The development of automated segmentation and quantitative characterization of microtextured regions (MTRs) from the complex heterogeneous microstructures is urgently needed, since MTRs have been proven to be the critical issue that dominates the dwell-fatigue performance of aerospace components. In addition, MTRs in Ti [...] Read more.
The development of automated segmentation and quantitative characterization of microtextured regions (MTRs) from the complex heterogeneous microstructures is urgently needed, since MTRs have been proven to be the critical issue that dominates the dwell-fatigue performance of aerospace components. In addition, MTRs in Ti alloys have similarities to microstructures encountered in other materials, including minerals and biomaterials. Meanwhile, machine learning (ML) offers new opportunities. This paper addresses segmentation and quantitative characterization of MTRs, where an ML approach, the Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) coupled with density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering algorithms, was employed in order to process the orientation data acquired via EBSD in the Matlab environment. Pixels with orientation information acquired through electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) are divided and colored into several “classes” (MTRs) within the defined c-axis misorientations (i.e., 25°, 20°, 15°, 10°, and 5°), the precision and efficacy of which are verified by the morphology and pole figure of the segmented MTR. An appropriate range of c-axis misorientations for MTR segmentation was derived, i.e., 15~20°. The contribution of this innovative technique is compared with previous studies. At the same time, the MTRs were statistically characterized in the global region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Deformation of Advanced Alloys)
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17 pages, 8888 KiB  
Article
Influence of Microstructure on Tensile Properties and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior for Lath Martensitic Steel
by Yongjie Deng, Yilong Liang, Fei Zhao, Fahong Xu, Ming Yang and Shaolei Long
Crystals 2023, 13(9), 1392; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091392 - 19 Sep 2023
Viewed by 795
Abstract
This paper addresses the role of multilevel microstructures on the fatigue crack propagation behavior and the tensile properties of lath martensite with different substructure sizes. Microstructure characterization of the alloy was carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the role of multilevel microstructures on the fatigue crack propagation behavior and the tensile properties of lath martensite with different substructure sizes. Microstructure characterization of the alloy was carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD), and optical microscopy (OM). Based on the classic Hall–Petch relationship, the results of tensile tests showed that martensitic block is the effective control unit of yield strength. Furthermore, the plasticity of lath martensite is not sensitive to grain size. The tensile deformation mechanisms were also discussed. Fatigue crack propagation tests revealed that the coarse grain has a higher crack propagation threshold and lower crack propagation rate than the fine grain in lath martensitic steel. The change in the plasticity zone ahead of the crack tip leads to the transitional behavior of the fatigue crack propagation rate. When plasticity zone sizes are equal to the block size, the fatigue crack propagation reverts to a stable propagation stage. Finally, an empirical model was established to predict the fatigue crack propagation rate of the stable propagation stage based on the tensile properties of the lath martensitic steel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Deformation of Advanced Alloys)
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12 pages, 3748 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of Zirconium Doping on the Mechanical and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Pt-40Rh Alloy through First-Principles Calculations
by Fangzhou Li, Zhentao Yuan, Xiao Wang, Hua Dai, Changyi Hu, Yan Wei, Hongzhong Cai, Xian Wang, Qinqin Gao, Jialin Chen and Shaowu Zhu
Crystals 2023, 13(9), 1366; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091366 - 11 Sep 2023
Viewed by 627
Abstract
Zirconium (Zr) element doping has proven to be an effective strategy for reinforcing the strength and toughness of Pt-Rh alloys. However, the incorporation of Zr into Pt-Rh alloy in solid solution form renders its microstructural observation challenging through experimental means, thus complicating the [...] Read more.
Zirconium (Zr) element doping has proven to be an effective strategy for reinforcing the strength and toughness of Pt-Rh alloys. However, the incorporation of Zr into Pt-Rh alloy in solid solution form renders its microstructural observation challenging through experimental means, thus complicating the elucidation of its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, this study employs density functional theory-based first-principles calculations to investigate the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Pt-40Rh-xZr (x = 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) alloys. The results reveal that with an increasing Zr weight percentage, Young’s modulus, and hardness of Pt-40Rh-xZr alloys exhibit a trend of an initial decrease followed by a subsequent increase. Notably, at a Zr weight percentage of 1.0 wt.%, the alloy Pt-40Rh-1.0Zr demonstrates the highest Young’s modulus (329.119 GPa) and hardness (10.590 GPa). Concurrently, thermodynamic calculations indicate that as Zr content increases, the crystal thermal stability of Pt-40Rh-xZr alloys initially decreases before rising again. More specifically, the coefficient of thermal expansion for Pt-40Rh-1.0Zr is merely 89.518% of that observed in Pt-40Rh. These results imply that incorporating 1.0 wt.% Zr results in the most substantial enhancement in the comprehensive mechanical properties of the Pt-40Rh-xZr alloy. Consequently, this study offers theoretical insights that can guide the extended application of Pt-Rh alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Deformation of Advanced Alloys)
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Review

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42 pages, 14124 KiB  
Review
A Critical Review on Recent Advancements in Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites
by Amlan Kar, Aditya Sharma and Sachin Kumar
Crystals 2024, 14(5), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14050412 (registering DOI) - 28 Apr 2024
Viewed by 158
Abstract
Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) have garnered significant attention across various industrial sectors owing to their remarkable properties compared to conventional engineering materials. These include low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, enhanced wear resistance, and favorable high-temperature properties. These materials find extensive [...] Read more.
Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) have garnered significant attention across various industrial sectors owing to their remarkable properties compared to conventional engineering materials. These include low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, enhanced wear resistance, and favorable high-temperature properties. These materials find extensive applications in the military, automotive, and aerospace industries. AMCs are manufactured using diverse processing techniques, tailored to their specific classifications. Over three decades of intensive research have yielded numerous scientific revelations regarding the internal and extrinsic influences of ceramic reinforcement on the mechanical, thermomechanical, tribological, and physical characteristics of AMCs. In recent times, AMCs have witnessed a surge in usage across high-tech structural and functional domains, encompassing sports and recreation, automotive, aerospace, defense, and thermal management applications. Notably, studies on particle-reinforced cast AMCs originated in India during the 1970s, attained industrial maturity in developed nations, and are now progressively penetrating the mainstream materials arena. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of AMC material systems, encompassing processing, microstructure, characteristics, and applications, with the latest advancements in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Deformation of Advanced Alloys)
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