Editorial

4 pages, 190 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue: Ceramic and Metallic Biomaterials Nanoparticles for Applications in Medical Sciences

by Gabriela Buema, Dumitru-Daniel Herea and Oana-Georgiana Dragos-Pinzaru

Coatings 2022, 12(7), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070998 - 15 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1223

Nowadays, the development of new materials that can be used to treat, repair, diagnose, replace, or restore a function of the human body represents one of the key research topics for the worldwide scientists and medical industries [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic and Metallic Biomaterials. Application in Medical Sciences)

Research

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23 pages, 11049 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Anodic Oxidation Pulse Voltage on Antibacterial Properties and Biocompatibility of Ti-Ag Alloy

by Zhen Ma, Yudong Yan, Chang Shi, Kexin Di, Jianwei Xu, Qicong Liu, Liting Mu, Jianming Zheng, Jiali Hu and Erlin Zhang

Coatings 2024, 14(4), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040405 - 29 Mar 2024

Viewed by 484

Abstract

For the application of titanium and titanium alloys in orthopedic implant materials, the antibacterial properties and cell biocompatibility determine whether the implant surgery is successful. In this study, a functional anodic oxidation (AO) coating was successfully prepared to modify the surface of Ti-Ag [...] Read more.

For the application of titanium and titanium alloys in orthopedic implant materials, the antibacterial properties and cell biocompatibility determine whether the implant surgery is successful. In this study, a functional anodic oxidation (AO) coating was successfully prepared to modify the surface of Ti-Ag alloy. The surface characteristics of the anodized Ti-Ag alloy were analyzed using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. The corrosion characteristics of Ti-Ag samples were tested by an electrochemical workstation. In addition, the antibacterial properties and cell activity were studied by the plate count method and MC3T3-E1 cell staining. The results indicate that the AO process can generate a multi-functional TiO₂/Ag₂O coating with a large number of block and flower-like structures on the surface of a Ti-Ag alloy. When the AO voltage of the sample is 120 V, the maximum roughness is 0.73 μm and the minimum wetting degree is 23°, which improves the biocompatibility. The corrosion test results show that AO treatment can improve the corrosion resistance of a Ti-Ag alloy. The oxidation voltage is 20 V and the coating has the best corrosion resistance. The corrosion open circuit potential (Eocp) is 107.621 mV and the corrosion current density (icorr) is 2.241 × 10⁻⁸ A·cm⁻². This coating can promote ion release and show more than 99% of a strong antibacterial ability against S. aureus. The results of the compatibility evaluation by cultured cells showed that the multifunctional coating formed by the anodic oxidation process did not cause cytotoxicity and promoted the adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic and Metallic Biomaterials. Application in Medical Sciences)

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15 pages, 6768 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hybrid Polymer–Inorganic Coatings Enriched with Carbon Nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Biomedical Applications

by Dominika Träger, Dagmara Słota, Karina Niziołek, Wioletta Florkiewicz and Agnieszka Sobczak-Kupiec

Coatings 2023, 13(10), 1813; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13101813 - 23 Oct 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 983

Abstract

Bone tissue degeneration, caused by disease as well as trauma, is a problem affecting many social groups in the 21st century. It involves pain and reduced patient comfort. Developments in materials engineering allow for the design of novel, innovative materials that can be [...] Read more.

Bone tissue degeneration, caused by disease as well as trauma, is a problem affecting many social groups in the 21st century. It involves pain and reduced patient comfort. Developments in materials engineering allow for the design of novel, innovative materials that can be used in therapies to promote bone regeneration. This work presents the preparation of a ceramic–polymer coating modified with carbon nanotubes on a titanium alloy for biomedical applications. The ceramic part is hydroxyapatite synthesized by the wet precipitation method using orthophosphate and calcium hydroxide. The polymer of choice was polyethylene glycol. A UV light synthesis method was successfully applied to obtain coatings characterized by continuity and full crosslinking. Extensive physicochemical analysis and incubation studies were carried out. Interactions between coatings and fluids mimicking artificial biological environments were analyzed for 9 days, i.e., in fluids such as SBF solution, artificial saliva, and distilled water. During the in vitro incubation, changes in pH values were measured by potentiometric tests, and ionic conductivity was measured by analyzing conductometry. After incubation, the surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with energy-dispersive (EDS) microanalysis, which made it possible to determine the presence of individual elements on the surface, as well as to observe the appearance of new apatite layers. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry was also performed before and at the end of the incubation period. On the basis of the presented studies, it was concluded that coatings that contain nanotubes are bioactive and do not negatively affect the properties of the coatings. Bioactivity was confirmed microscopically by observing new apatite layers after incubation in SBF, which were identified as phosphorus and calcium deposits. Degradation of the polymer phase was observed in the artificial saliva. These materials require further study, including safety analysis, but they demonstrate potential for further work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic and Metallic Biomaterials. Application in Medical Sciences)

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13 pages, 6852 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

In Vitro Characterization of Doped Bioglass 45S5/HAp Coatings Obtained by CoBlast^TM Deposition

by Ana Sofia Pádua, Sílvia Rodrigues Gavinho, Tânia Vieira, Imen Hammami, Jorge Carvalho Silva, João Paulo Borges and Manuel Pedro Fernandes Graça

Coatings 2023, 13(10), 1775; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13101775 - 16 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1301

Abstract

Bone replacement is one of the major medical procedures in the oral surgery field due to the progressive ageing population and to illness or trauma in younger age groups. The use of implants without biological activity and effective osseointegration increases the chances of [...] Read more.

Bone replacement is one of the major medical procedures in the oral surgery field due to the progressive ageing population and to illness or trauma in younger age groups. The use of implants without biological activity and effective osseointegration increases the chances of implant failure. This work aims to improve the interaction between implants and bone by using Bioglass 45S5 (BG)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) mixtures, including copper-, zinc-, and cerium-doped BG, as well as co-doping by the mentioned metals, as coatings produced by the CoBlast^TM technique. All coatings present a uniform coverage of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Furthermore, in vitro testing using human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells indicated that BG/HAp coatings have no cytotoxic effect, and the used of doping agents did not alter cell adhesion, proliferation, or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression when compared to undoped coating. These results demonstrate that BG/HAp by CoBlast^TM can be a solution to improve implants’ osseointegration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic and Metallic Biomaterials. Application in Medical Sciences)

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13 pages, 6745 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Enhanced Multimodal Effect of Chemotherapy, Hyperthermia and Magneto-Mechanic Actuation of Silver-Coated Magnetite on Cancer Cells

by Dumitru Daniel Herea, Camelia-Mihaela Zară-Dănceanu, Luminița Lăbușcă, Anca-Emanuela Minuti, Cristina Stavilă, Gabriel Ababei, Mihai Tibu, Marian Grigoraș, Mihaela Lostun, George Stoian, Oana-Georgiana Dragoș-Pînzaru, Gabriela Buema, Horia Chiriac and Nicoleta Lupu

Coatings 2023, 13(2), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020406 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1457

Abstract

Currently, various methods based on magnetic nanoparticles are being considered for the treatment of cancer. Among these, magnetic hyperthermia and magneto-mechanical actuation are the most tested physical methods that have shown promising results when applied both separately and in combination. However, combining them [...] Read more.

Currently, various methods based on magnetic nanoparticles are being considered for the treatment of cancer. Among these, magnetic hyperthermia and magneto-mechanical actuation are the most tested physical methods that have shown promising results when applied both separately and in combination. However, combining them with specific drugs can further improve antitumor efficiency. In this study, we performed a systematic analysis to determine the best combination of hyperthermia, magneto-mechanical actuation of silver-coated magnetite nanoparticles (MNP@Ag) and chemotherapy (mitoxantrone) capable of destroying tumor cells in vitro while maintaining normal cells in their state of increased viability. The results showed that of the nine treatment configurations, the only one that satisfied the safety condition for normal cells (fibroblasts) and the highly cytotoxic condition for tumor cells (HeLa) was the combination of all three triggers. This combination led to the decrease in HeLa viability to about 32%, while the decrease in fibroblast viability reached 80%. It was observed that the cytotoxic effect was not a sum of the separate effects of each trigger involved, but the result of a nonlinear conjugation of the triggers in a dynamic regime imposed by the magneto-mechanical actuation of the nanoparticles. We conclude that by using such a treatment approach, the need for chemotherapeutic drugs can be substantially reduced while maintaining their therapeutic performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic and Metallic Biomaterials. Application in Medical Sciences)

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9 pages, 4258 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Tunnel Magnetoresistance-Based Sensor for Biomedical Application: Proof-of-Concept

by Crina Ghemes, Oana-Georgiana Dragos-Pinzaru, Mihai Tibu, Mihaela Lostun, Nicoleta Lupu and Horia Chiriac

Coatings 2023, 13(2), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020227 - 18 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1654

Abstract

The aim of this work was to investigate and prove the possibility of the real-time detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) distributed in solid material by using a tunnel magnetoresistance-based (TMR) sensor. Following the detection tests of FeCrNbB magnetic nanoparticles distributed in transparent epoxy [...] Read more.

The aim of this work was to investigate and prove the possibility of the real-time detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) distributed in solid material by using a tunnel magnetoresistance-based (TMR) sensor. Following the detection tests of FeCrNbB magnetic nanoparticles distributed in transparent epoxy resin (EPON 812) and measuring the sensor output voltage changes at different particle concentrations, the detection ability of the sensor was demonstrated. For the proposed TMR sensor, we measured a maximum magnetoresistance ratio of about 53% and a sensitivity of 1.24%/Oe. This type of sensor could facilitate a new path of research in the field of magnetic hyperthermia by locating cancer cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic and Metallic Biomaterials. Application in Medical Sciences)

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13 pages, 4213 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis and Characterization of Gold-Shell Magnetic Nanowires for Theranostic Applications

by Oana-Georgiana Dragos-Pinzaru, Gabriela Buema, Dumitru-Daniel Herea, Horia Chiriac, Nicoleta Lupu, Anca Emanuela Minuti, George Stoian, Daniel Shore, Valerie C. Pierre, Ibro Tabakovic and Bethanie J. H. Stadler

Coatings 2022, 12(11), 1755; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111755 - 15 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1864

Abstract

Increasing interest has been given in recent years to alternative physical therapies for cancer, with a special focus on magneto-mechanical actuation of magnetic nanoparticles. The reported findings underline the need for highly biocompatible nanostructures, along with suitable mechanical and magnetic properties for different [...] Read more.

Increasing interest has been given in recent years to alternative physical therapies for cancer, with a special focus on magneto-mechanical actuation of magnetic nanoparticles. The reported findings underline the need for highly biocompatible nanostructures, along with suitable mechanical and magnetic properties for different configurations of alternating magnetic fields. Here, we show how the biocompatibility of magnetic nanowires (MNWs), especially CoFe, can be increased by gold coating, which can be used both in cancer therapy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study provides a new approach in the field of theranostic applications, demonstrating the capabilities of core–shell nanowires to be used both to increase the cancer detection limit (as T2 contrast agents) and for its treatment (through magneto-mechanical actuation). The MNWs were electrodeposited in alumina templates, whereas the gold layer was electroless-plated by galvanic replacement. The gold-coated CoFe nanowires were biocompatible until they induced high cellular death to human osteosarcoma cells via magneto-mechanical actuation. These same MNWs displayed increased relaxivities (r1, r2). Our results show that the gold-coated CoFe nanowires turned out to be highly efficient in tumor cell destruction, and, at the same time, suitable for MRI applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic and Metallic Biomaterials. Application in Medical Sciences)

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Review

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17 pages, 9979 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effect of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Alloy Pore Structure on Bone Regeneration: A Review

by Si He, Jiang Zhu, Yiwan Jing, Shuai Long, Lu Tang, Lijia Cheng and Zheng Shi

Coatings 2024, 14(3), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14030253 - 20 Feb 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1151

Abstract

As a biomedical material, porous titanium alloy has gained widespread recognition and application within the field of orthopedics. Its remarkable biocompatibility, bioactivity, and mechanical properties establish it as a promising material for facilitating bone regeneration. A well-designed porous structure can lower the material’s [...] Read more.

As a biomedical material, porous titanium alloy has gained widespread recognition and application within the field of orthopedics. Its remarkable biocompatibility, bioactivity, and mechanical properties establish it as a promising material for facilitating bone regeneration. A well-designed porous structure can lower the material’s modulus while retaining ample strength, rendering it more akin to natural bone tissue. The progression of additive manufacturing (AM) technology has significantly propelled the advancement of porous implants, simplifying the production of such structures. AM allows for the customization of porous implants with various shapes and sizes tailored to individual patients. Additionally, it enables the design of microscopic-scale porous structures to closely mimic natural bone, thus opening up avenues for the development of porous titanium alloy bone implants that can better stimulate bone regeneration. This article reviews the research progress on the structural design and preparation methods of porous titanium alloy bone implants, analyzes the porous structure design parameters that affect the performance of the implant, and discusses the application of porous medical titanium alloys. By comparing the effects of the parameters of different porosity, pore shape, and pore size on implant performance, it was concluded that pore diameters in the range of 500~800 μm and porosity in the range of 70%–90% have better bone-regeneration effects. At the same time, when the pore structure is a diamond, rhombohedral, or cube structure, it has better mechanical properties and bone-regeneration effects, providing a reference range for the application of clinical porous implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic and Metallic Biomaterials. Application in Medical Sciences)

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12 pages, 407 KiB

Open AccessReview

Biomaterials in Orthopedic Devices: Current Issues and Future Perspectives

by Nina Filip, Iulian Radu, Bogdan Veliceasa, Cristiana Filip, Mihaela Pertea, Andreea Clim, Alin Constantin Pinzariu, Ilie Cristian Drochioi, Remus Lucian Hilitanu and Ionela Lacramioara Serban

Coatings 2022, 12(10), 1544; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101544 - 14 Oct 2022

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4888

Abstract

In orthopedics, bone fixation imposes the use of implants in almost all cases. Over time, the materials used for the implant have evolved from inert materials to those that mimic the morphology of the bone. Therefore, bioabsorbable, biocompatible, and bioactive materials have emerged. [...] Read more.

In orthopedics, bone fixation imposes the use of implants in almost all cases. Over time, the materials used for the implant have evolved from inert materials to those that mimic the morphology of the bone. Therefore, bioabsorbable, biocompatible, and bioactive materials have emerged. Our study aimed to review the main types of implant materials used in orthopedics and present their advantages and drawbacks. We have searched for the pros and cons of the various types of material in the literature from over the last twenty years. The studied data show that consecrated metal alloys, still widely used, can be successfully replaced by new types of polymers. The data from the literature show that, by manipulating their composition, the polymeric compounds can simulate the structure of the different layers of human bone, while preserving its mechanical characteristics. In addition, manipulation of the polymer composition can provide the initiation of desired cellular responses. Among the implanting materials, polyurethane is distinguished as the most versatile polymeric material for use both as orthopedic implants and as material for biomechanical testing of various bone reduction and fixation techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic and Metallic Biomaterials. Application in Medical Sciences)

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