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Advances in Novel Coatings
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Advances in Novel Coatings

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 10491

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Stefan Lucian Toma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Science and Materials Engineering, Technical University Gheorghe Asachi from Iasi, 700050 Iași, Romania
Interests: thermal spray; plasma spray; arc spray process; PVD; corrosion; biocompatible and osseointegrating layers; functional coatings; thin films; moddeling; modeling physical phenomena; analysis and characterization of surface
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As you know, metallic or non-metallic coatings are increasingly used in a variety of fields, in order to obtain functional surfaces characterized by: high hardness, wear resistance, electrical and thermal properties, anti-friction, anti-microbial, bio-compatibility, chemical stability, etc. The use of some innovative installations for some adequate materials introduced directly into the process, or  through using different techniques,  as well as rigorous control of process parameters allows for obtaining of qualitative coatings with excellent physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties. This fact allows for the use of the obtained coatings in the following industries: automobiles, aeronautics and aerospace, chemicals, nuclear, mining, textiles, and energy, as well as in medical applications, in energy conversion, and in storage processes.

This Special Issue aims to present the latest news and to promote additional research in the fields of coatings that are obtained by thermal spraying in plasma or electric arc, including experimental characterization and theoretical calculations. All original papers, case studies, review articles, and communications are welcome.

About the Topics of Interest

In particular, the topic of interest includes but is not limited to

  • Fundamentals and new concepts of a coating technologies;
  • Modelling and simulation of processes for obtaining metallic or non-metallic coatings;
  • Relations between process parameters and deposit properties;
  • Theoretical and experimental studies on the phenomena that are developing at the coating-substrate interface;
  • The effect of the coatings on the properties of the substrate;
  • New directions in the design and production of hard coatings, resistant to wear and corrosion, type thermal barrier coatings (TBC), layers used in medical applications (biocompatible) or in energy production or storage phenomena;
  • New coatings used to control and minimize the friction phenomenon (self-lubricating);
  • Tribological coatings used for extreme operating conditions, for example, for high / low temperatures, aggressive environments etc.;
  • Study of the phenomena of friction and wear of tribological deposits;
  • Single and multilayer thin films with special properties, such as: high refractive index (HRI), super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coatings;
  • Biomaterials coatings applied, but not limited, to Ti-based alloys, CoCr alloys, and stainless steels;
  • Functional coatings obtained by different deposition processes: chemical, electro-chemical, thermal spraying, PVD, CVD, Spin-coating etc.;
  • The behavior in operation of the functional coatings obtained by various new deposition techniques (case studies)
  • New methods of investigation, testing and characterization of coatings;
  • Techniques for post-processing the surface of the coatings, in order to improve the properties of the coatings, such as: heat treatment, severe plastic deformation, thermo-mechanical treatment, etc..
  • Any other aspects related to the functional coatings obtained by different techniques (chemical, electro-chemical, thermal spraying, PVD, CVD, Spin-coating etc.).

Dr. Stefan Lucian Toma
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermal spray
  • plasma spray
  • arc spray process
  • PVD
  • corrosion
  • biocompatible and osseointegrating layers
  • functional coatings
  • thin films
  • moddeling
  • modeling physical phenomena
  • analysis and characterization of surface

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 12980 KiB  
Article
Quasi Non-Destructive Quality Assessment of Thermally Sprayed AISI 316L Coatings Using Polarization Measurements in 3.5% NaCl Gel Electrolyte
by Maximilian Grimm, Pia Kutschmann, Christian Pluta, Olga Schwabe, Thomas Lindner and Thomas Lampke
Coatings 2023, 13(7), 1256; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071256 - 16 Jul 2023
Viewed by 891
Abstract
There is currently a lack of suitable methods of non-destructive quality assessment of thermally sprayed coatings. Therefore, this study investigates the suitability of polarization measurements that are adapted to the special needs of thermally sprayed coatings for non-destructive quality testing. For this purpose, [...] Read more.
There is currently a lack of suitable methods of non-destructive quality assessment of thermally sprayed coatings. Therefore, this study investigates the suitability of polarization measurements that are adapted to the special needs of thermally sprayed coatings for non-destructive quality testing. For this purpose, a gel electrolyte containing 3.5% NaCl and a measuring cell based on the three-electrode arrangement were developed to prevent the corrosion medium from infiltrating the typical microstructure of thermally sprayed coatings (pores and microcracks). The newly developed method was evaluated on AISI 316L coatings deposited by high velocity air fuel (HVAF) and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The polarization curves showed significant differences as a result of spraying process-related changes in the coating microstructure. Even slight differences in oxide content within the AISI 316L coating produced by APS can be detected by the new method. In order to verify the new findings, the coatings were analyzed regarding their microstructure by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The measuring cell and gel electrolyte developed offer a promising opportunity to evaluate the quality of thermally sprayed coatings in a largely non-destructive manner using polarization curves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Novel Coatings)
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11 pages, 6909 KiB  
Article
Production of Al–Mn/WC Composite Coatings with Electrodeposition in AlCl3–NaCl–KCl–MnCl2 Molten Salts
by Wenjuan Qi, Desheng Ding, Weijie Luo, Weiliang Jin, Qian Kou, Chuntao Ge and Saijun Xiao
Coatings 2023, 13(7), 1246; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071246 - 14 Jul 2023
Viewed by 721
Abstract
The hardness and wear resistance of amorphous Al–Mn alloy coatings can be improved by incorporating ceramic particles into them to extend their application. In this paper, Al–Mn/WC composite coatings have been prepared with electrodeposition in stirred AlCl3–NaCl–KCl–MnCl2 molten salts at [...] Read more.
The hardness and wear resistance of amorphous Al–Mn alloy coatings can be improved by incorporating ceramic particles into them to extend their application. In this paper, Al–Mn/WC composite coatings have been prepared with electrodeposition in stirred AlCl3–NaCl–KCl–MnCl2 molten salts at 180 °C with the addition of WC particles. The effects of stirring speed (400–700 rpm) and cathode current density (15–75 mA/cm2) on the produced Al–Mn/WC composite coatings have been studied. At 600 rpm and 700 rpm, the Al–Mn/WC composite coatings exhibited the best uniform distribution of the embedded WC particles, with the tested microhardness value up to 650 HV0.1, compared with 530 HV0.1 of the Al–Mn alloy. Moreover, under various cathode current densities, the best quality of the Al–Mn/WC composite coating was obtained at 55 mA/cm2, with a homogeneous distribution of WC particles and the highest microhardness value (670 HV0.1). It is expected that this method could be extended to be applied for the preparation of aluminum-based and magnesium-based ceramic composite coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Novel Coatings)
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12 pages, 4339 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Porous MgF2 Coating by a Sol–Gel Method Accompanied by Phase Separation
by Yu Lin, Rui Wang, Yang Xu, Dongyun Li and Hongliang Ge
Coatings 2023, 13(6), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13061083 - 12 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1191
Abstract
Surfaces with translucent and wear-resistant effects have a wide range of applications, especially as protective layers. In this work, a simple and convenient method for the preparation of porous magnesium fluoride (MgF2) coatings was proposed. Nano-porous MgF2 powder was prepared [...] Read more.
Surfaces with translucent and wear-resistant effects have a wide range of applications, especially as protective layers. In this work, a simple and convenient method for the preparation of porous magnesium fluoride (MgF2) coatings was proposed. Nano-porous MgF2 powder was prepared with sol–gel and phase separation methods by optimizing the polymer amount and used for the preparation of thick layers onto PVC substrates. The automated surface area and porosity analyzer (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the layers containing 0.028‰ PEO presented a 3D structure with pore sizes in the range of 16 nm. The layer reached 93% transmittance in the visible region, a Vickers hardness value of 2889.1 kg/mm2, and a friction coefficient of 0.2 in the wear test. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Novel Coatings)
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15 pages, 8058 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Thermophysical Properties of New Multi-Component Entropy-Stabilized Oxide Ceramics for Thermal Barrier Coatings
by Wenzhe Li, Yongping Zhu, Xueying Wang, Lili Zhao, Ying Chu, Fuhua Chen, Chang Ge and Shige Fang
Coatings 2023, 13(5), 937; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050937 - 17 May 2023
Viewed by 1072
Abstract
Five kinds of multi-component entropy-stabilized oxide ceramics were prepared by a solid-state reaction method for thermal barrier coatings, namely La0.125Y0.125Yb0.125Gd0.125Zr0.5O1.75 (LaYYbGdZr), Y0.125Yb0.125Gd0.125Ta0.125Zr0.5O [...] Read more.
Five kinds of multi-component entropy-stabilized oxide ceramics were prepared by a solid-state reaction method for thermal barrier coatings, namely La0.125Y0.125Yb0.125Gd0.125Zr0.5O1.75 (LaYYbGdZr), Y0.125Yb0.125Gd0.125Ta0.125Zr0.5O1.875 (YYbGdTaZr), La0.1Y0.1Yb0.1Gd0.1Ta0.1Zr0.5O1.85 (LaYYbGdTaZr), Y0.125Yb0.125Gd0.125Ta0.125Hf0.25Zr0.25O1.875 (YYbGdTaHfZr), and La0.1Y0.1Yb0.1Gd0.1Ta0.1Hf0.25Zr0.25O1.85 (LaYYbGdTaHfZr). Many properties of the materials were studied, such as their microscopic morphology, crystal structure, thermophysical properties, and ablation resistance. The results show that the oxide ceramics synthesized in this paper have a uniform single-phase defect fluorite structure, and can still maintain this structure after high-temperature treatment at 1500 °C. The YYbGdTaHfZr coatings had the lowest thermal conductivity (0.61~0.89 W·m–1·K–1), which was much lower than that of YSZ. The ceramic blocks also exhibited excellent thermal expansion properties. The thermal expansion coefficient of LaYYbGdTaZr could reach 11.09 × 10−6 K−1 (1400 °C), which was slightly higher than that of 8YSZ (11.0 × 10−6 K−1). The antioxidant ablation results proved that the YYbGdTaHfZr coating showed the best heat-insulating property. All the results showed that the YYbGdTaHfZr coating is a promising thermal barrier coating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Novel Coatings)
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16 pages, 5916 KiB  
Article
Pyramid-Patterned Germanium Composite Film Anode for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries Prepared Using a One-Step Physical Method
by Liyong Wang, Mei Wang, Liansheng Jiao, Huiqi Wang, Jinhua Yang, Xiaozhong Dong, Ting Bi, Shengsheng Ji, Lei Liu, Shengliang Hu, Chengmeng Chen, Quangui Guo and Zhanjun Liu
Coatings 2023, 13(3), 555; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030555 - 05 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1507
Abstract
Using a top-down magnetron sputtering technique with a high deposition-rate, a one-step method for preparing germanium (Ge) hybrid film is presented. At present, graphite film is used as a current collector because it is flexible, self lubricating, and possesses a stress–strain-relieving property. In [...] Read more.
Using a top-down magnetron sputtering technique with a high deposition-rate, a one-step method for preparing germanium (Ge) hybrid film is presented. At present, graphite film is used as a current collector because it is flexible, self lubricating, and possesses a stress–strain-relieving property. In order to further suppress the volume changes of the Ge, a multilayered electrically conductive nickel film is deposited between multilayered Ge films. The cells are cycled at a current density of 200 mA g−1. An initial discharge and charge capacity of 1180.7 and 949.3 mAh g−1 are achieved by the prepared integrated pyramid patterned Ge composite film anode, respectively. The average capacity was maintained at 580 mAh g−1 after 280 cycles. In the rate capability measurement, the Ge composite demonstrated a reversible capacity of 1163.1 mAh g−1. It is easily made using magnetron sputtering, which is widely accepted in the industry. A physical approach to increase pure Ge’s specific capacity and its cycle life for LIBs is demonstrated in this work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Novel Coatings)
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11 pages, 4092 KiB  
Article
Electroless Ni-P-PTFE Composite Plating with Rapid Deposition and High PTFE Concentration through a Two-Step Process
by Myungwon Lee, Junghyun Park, Kyeongsik Son, Donghyun Kim, Kwangho Kim and Myungchang Kang
Coatings 2022, 12(8), 1199; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081199 - 17 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2419
Abstract
Electroless composite plating enables uniform and thin surface treatment along with composite deposition using nanoparticles. Among such particles, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is capable of dry lubrication because of its self-lubricating properties. Specifically, the PTFE content in a plating layer increases with the concentration of [...] Read more.
Electroless composite plating enables uniform and thin surface treatment along with composite deposition using nanoparticles. Among such particles, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is capable of dry lubrication because of its self-lubricating properties. Specifically, the PTFE content in a plating layer increases with the concentration of PTFE in the plating bath. However, a high concentration of PTFE interferes with the co-deposition of Ni and P, thereby reducing the plating speed. Additionally, PTFE is unevenly deposited on the surface of the plating layer. Consequently, a method for increasing the PTFE content at low PTFE concentrations is required. Therefore, in this study, a stirring process in a low-PTFE-concentration plating bath and a process wherein PTFE precipitates on a specimen without stirring were combined. The PTFE content of the plated layer deposited on high carbon steel, plated layer deposition rate, average friction co-efficient, static contact angle, and surface energy were evaluated as 25.96%, 3.44 µm/40 min, 0.195, 141.9°, and 2.74 mN/m, respectively. This technique prevented the decrease in the deposition rate of the plating layer and led to high PTFE content in the plating layer. Notably, even a thin plating layer (5 μm or less in thickness) showed excellent surface characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Novel Coatings)
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18 pages, 4720 KiB  
Article
Numerical Calculation of the Arc-Sprayed Particles’ Temperature in Transient Thermal Field
by Stefan Lucian Toma, Daniela-Lucia Chicet and Alin-Marian Cazac
Coatings 2022, 12(7), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070877 - 21 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1589
Abstract
The physical and mechanical properties of the coatings produced by electric arc thermal spraying are closely related to the velocity and temperature of the particles that interact with the substrate surface. Knowing the temperature variation of the sprayed particles allows establishing their aggregation [...] Read more.
The physical and mechanical properties of the coatings produced by electric arc thermal spraying are closely related to the velocity and temperature of the particles that interact with the substrate surface. Knowing the temperature variation of the sprayed particles allows establishing their aggregation state, respectively determining the spraying distance, so that the state of aggregation of the particles at the impact moment is predominantly liquid. Obviously, when the sprayed particle passes through the spray cone, it cools continuously due to the low and variable temperature of the entrainment gas. This paper aims to determine analytically the thermal behavior of the particles entrained by the gas jet formed at the thermal spraying in an electric arc, depending on the variable temperature, existing along the spraying cone. In this sense, by modeling with finite elements, using the ANSYS program, the temperature inside the spray jet was determined, and by a mathematical model carried out based on the thermal balance equations, the thermal profile of the sprayed particles was determined. The thermal profile demonstrates that their temperature suddenly increases to the solidification temperature, then increases to the melting temperature—due to the latent heat of solidification, after which it decreases to 300 K. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Novel Coatings)
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