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Advanced Research of Ionizing Radiation in Cancers
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Advanced Research of Ionizing Radiation in Cancers

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 3481

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Carlo Aprile

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Nuclear Medicine Unit, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: radiopharmacology; oncology imaging; amyloidosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lorenzo Lodola

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Nuclear Medicine Unit, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: radiopharmaceuticals; radioactive tracers; nuclear medicine radiolabeling; new PET imaging radionuclides
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Onelio Geatti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Studio di Radiologia Bazzocchi, 34135 Trieste, Italy
Interests: thyroid; PET imaging; oncology diagnosis and therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Radiation exposure of individuals has been increasing due to increased radiation use. The carcinogenic effect of ionizing radiation is a delayed effect, the probability of occurrence depends on the radiation dose. Cancers associated with high dose exposure include leukemia, breast cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, esophagus cancer, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma and stomach cancer. The cancer risk of low-dose radiation compared with high-dose ionizing radiation has become an important part of radiation protection and has raised public and societal concerns about safety related to various issues. For example, in medicine for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic procedures, in industrial applications including nuclear power plants, and in academia for education and scientific research. Cancer risk assessment for more common or long-term radiation exposure is still under debate, and its uncertainties make it a murky field. I am pleased to invite you to participate to this Special Issue “Advanced Research of Ionizing Radiation in Cancers”. Research papers, up-to-date review articles, and comments about molecular research are all welcome.

Dr. Carlo Aprile
Dr. Lorenzo Lodola
Dr. Onelio Geatti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • radiation induced cancer
  • radiobiology
  • space radiobiology
  • heavy ions carcinogenesis
  • LinearNonTreshold

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1781 KiB  
Communication
Effect of Functional Inhibition of BACE1 on Sensitization to γ-Irradiation in Cancer Cells
by Keitaro Nakamoto, Sota Kikuhara, Hiroaki Fujimori, Barkha Saraswat, Zhongming Gao, Ankitha Vadi Velu, Zongxiang Zhang, Ying Tong, Shoji Imamichi, Tadashige Nozaki, Yasufumi Murakami and Mitsuko Masutani
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(1), 450-460; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46010028 - 02 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1044
Abstract
Developing strategies for the radiosensitization of cancer cells by the inhibition of genes, which harbor low toxicity to normal cells, will be useful for improving cancer radiotherapy. Here, we focused on a β-site of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1; β-secretase, memapsin-2). [...] Read more.
Developing strategies for the radiosensitization of cancer cells by the inhibition of genes, which harbor low toxicity to normal cells, will be useful for improving cancer radiotherapy. Here, we focused on a β-site of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1; β-secretase, memapsin-2). By functional inhibition of this peptidase by siRNA, it has also recently been shown that the DNA strand break marker, γH2AX foci, increased, suggesting its involvement in DNA damage response. To investigate this possibility, we knocked down BACE1 with siRNA in cancer cell lines, and sensitization to γ-irradiation was examined by a colony formation assay, γH2AX foci and level analysis, and flow cytometry. BACE1 knockdown resulted in the sensitization of HeLa, MDA-MB-231, U2OS, and SAOS cells to γ-irradiation in a diverse range. BACE1 knockdown showed a weak radiosensitization effect in osteosarcoma U2OS cells, which has a normal p53 function. HeLa and SAOS cells, which harbor p53 dysfunction, exhibited a greater level of radiosensitization. These results suggest that BACE1 may be a potential target for the radiosensitization in particular cancer cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research of Ionizing Radiation in Cancers)
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16 pages, 3823 KiB  
Article
Ex Vivo Chromosomal Radiosensitivity Testing in Patients with Pathological Germline Variants in Breast Cancer High-Susceptibility Genes BReast CAncer 1 and BReast CAncer 2
by Tara Zuhair Kassem, Marius Wunderle, Lukas Kuhlmann, Matthias Ruebner, Hanna Huebner, Juliane Hoyer, André Reis, Peter A. Fasching, Matthias W. Beckmann, Carolin C. Hack, Rainer Fietkau and Luitpold Distel
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(8), 6618-6633; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45080418 - 10 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1185
Abstract
Background: Individual radiosensitivity is an important factor in the occurrence of undesirable consequences of radiotherapy. The potential for increased radiosensitivity has been linked to highly penetrant heterozygous mutations in DNA repair genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. By studying the chromosomal radiosensitivity [...] Read more.
Background: Individual radiosensitivity is an important factor in the occurrence of undesirable consequences of radiotherapy. The potential for increased radiosensitivity has been linked to highly penetrant heterozygous mutations in DNA repair genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. By studying the chromosomal radiosensitivity of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers compared to the general population, we study whether increased chromosomal radiation sensitivity is observed in patients with BRCA1/2 variants. Methods: Three-color-fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on ex vivo-irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes from 64 female patients with a heterozygous germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Aberrations in chromosomes #1, #2 and #4 were analyzed. Mean breaks per metaphase (B/M) served as the parameter for chromosomal radiosensitivity. The results were compared with chromosomal radiosensitivity in a cohort of generally healthy individuals and patients with rectal cancer or breast cancer. Results: Patients with BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 64; B/M 0.47) overall showed a significantly higher chromosomal radiosensitivity than general healthy individuals (n = 211; B/M 0.41) and patients with rectal cancer (n = 379; B/M 0.44) and breast cancer (n = 147; B/M 0.45) without proven germline mutations. Chromosomal radiosensitivity varied depending on the locus of the BRCA1/2 mutation. Conclusions: BRCA1/2 mutations result in slightly increased chromosomal sensitivity to radiation. A few individual patients have a marked increase in radiation sensitivity. Therefore, these patients are at a higher risk for adverse therapeutic consequences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research of Ionizing Radiation in Cancers)
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Review

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11 pages, 800 KiB  
Review
PARP-Targeted Radiotheranostics with Auger Electrons: An Updated Overview
by Luca Filippi, Luca Urso and Laura Evangelista
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(4), 3039-3049; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46040190 - 31 Mar 2024
Viewed by 626
Abstract
Auger electrons (AEs) represent an intriguing topic in the field of radionuclide therapy. They are emitted by several radionuclides commonly used in nuclear medicine (indium-111, iodine-123, iodine-125), allowing for highly localized energy deposition and thus exerting a radiotoxic effect on specific cellular and [...] Read more.
Auger electrons (AEs) represent an intriguing topic in the field of radionuclide therapy. They are emitted by several radionuclides commonly used in nuclear medicine (indium-111, iodine-123, iodine-125), allowing for highly localized energy deposition and thus exerting a radiotoxic effect on specific cellular and sub-cellular targets. However, due to their short range in matter, AEs have had limited use in therapeutic applications so far. In recent years, the synthesis of various radiopharmaceuticals capable of binding to the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 has reignited interest in this type of therapy, laying the groundwork for a theranostic approach based on radionuclides emitting AEs. The enzyme PARP-1 operates enzymatically in close proximity to DNA that represents the prime target of radionuclide therapies. Following this trend, several PARP-targeted radiopharmaceuticals for AE-based theranostics have been developed. We provide an updated overview of preclinical studies focused on the applications of this new theranostic approach in glioblastoma, breast, prostate and ovarian carcinoma, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research of Ionizing Radiation in Cancers)
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