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Cancers
Special Issues
Emerging Trends in Global Cancer Epidemiology
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Emerging Trends in Global Cancer Epidemiology

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 July 2024 | Viewed by 10066

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Syed Ahsan Raza

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Interests: cancer epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer is a major public health challenge worldwide, with millions of new cases diagnosed every year. Understanding global trends in cancer incidence, mortality, prevalence, and survival across diverse populations is crucial in the field of cancer epidemiology and in identifying risk factors and potential preventive strategies. Over the past few decades, there have been many advances in cancer epidemiological research, including the use of large-scale data sets, new statistical methods, and innovative approaches to study design and analysis.

The goal of this Special Issue is to present an overview of the latest developments and trends in global cancer research. This issue seeks to publish original research articles, reviews, and commentaries that highlight new and emerging trends in global cancer epidemiology. The issue invites submissions on various topics related to the latest trends in global cancer epidemiology, including but not limited to:

  1. Cancer incidence, mortality, prevalence, and survival trends across different populations and geographic regions;
  2. Novel data sources and methods for cancer epidemiology research, including genomics, digital health, and machine learning;
  3. The impact of social, environmental, and lifestyle factors on cancer risk and outcomes, including the role of diet, physical activity, and air pollution;
  4. The effectiveness of cancer prevention and control strategies at the population level, including screening, early detection, and treatment;
  5. The challenges and opportunities for cancer epidemiology research in the context of global health, including data quality, ethics, and equity.

This Special Issue on new trends in global cancer epidemiology aims to provide a platform for researchers and practitioners to share their latest findings, insights, and perspectives on cancer epidemiology research. The Special Issue seeks to contribute to the advancement of knowledge and understanding of cancer as a global health challenge and to inform the development of effective cancer prevention and control strategies at the population level.

Dr. Syed Ahsan Raza
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cancer
  • epidemiology
  • global health
  • cancer prevention
  • global cancer epidemiology

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 8365 KiB  
Article
National Burden and Trends for 29 Groups of Cancer in Mexico from 1990 to 2019: A Secondary Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
by Saul A. Beltran-Ontiveros, Jose A. Contreras-Gutierrez, Erik Lizarraga-Verdugo, Erick P. Gutierrez-Grijalva, Kenia Lopez-Lopez, Emilio H. Lora-Fierro, Miguel A. Trujillo-Rojas, Jose M. Moreno-Ortiz, Diana L. Cardoso-Angulo, Emir Leal-Leon, Jose R. Zatarain-Lopez, Hector M. Cuen-Diaz, Marisol Montoya-Moreno, Brisceyda Arce-Bojorquez, Juan L. Rochin-Teran, Daniel E. Cuen-Lazcano, Victor A. Contreras-Rodriguez, Ricardo Lascurain, Liliana Carmona-Aparicio, Elvia Coballase-Urrutia, Francisco Gallardo-Vera and Daniel Diazadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2024, 16(1), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16010149 - 28 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1202
Abstract
The global burden of cancer is on the rise, with varying national patterns. To gain a better understanding and control of cancer, it is essential to provide national estimates. Therefore, we present a comparative description of cancer incidence and mortality rates in Mexico [...] Read more.
The global burden of cancer is on the rise, with varying national patterns. To gain a better understanding and control of cancer, it is essential to provide national estimates. Therefore, we present a comparative description of cancer incidence and mortality rates in Mexico from 1990 to 2019, by age and sex for 29 different cancer groups. Based on public data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we evaluated the national burden of cancer by analyzing counts and crude and age-standardized rates per 100,000 people with 95% uncertainty intervals for 2019 and trends using the annual percentage change from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, cancer resulted in 222,060 incident cases and 105,591 deaths. In 2019, the highest incidence of cancer was observed in non-melanoma skin cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. Additionally, 53% of deaths were attributed to six cancer groups (lung, colorectal, stomach, prostate, breast, and pancreatic). From 1990 to 2019, there was an increasing trend in incidence and mortality rates, which varied by 10–436% among cancer groups. Furthermore, there were cancer-specific sex differences in crude and age-standardized rates. The results show an increase in the national cancer burden with sex-specific patterns of change. These findings can guide national efforts to reduce health loss due to cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Global Cancer Epidemiology)
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14 pages, 1641 KiB  
Article
The Incidence of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors Is Increasing in Younger Adults in the US, 2001–2020
by Yazan Abboud, Navya Pendyala, Alexander Le, Anmol Mittal, Saqr Alsakarneh, Fouad Jaber and Kaveh Hajifathalian
Cancers 2023, 15(21), 5286; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15215286 - 04 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1115
Abstract
Prior non-comparative data showed increasing incidence of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (RNET) in the US. We aimed to evaluate age-specific RNET incidence rates and time-trends in demographic- and tumor-specific populations. The RNET age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) [...] Read more.
Prior non-comparative data showed increasing incidence of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (RNET) in the US. We aimed to evaluate age-specific RNET incidence rates and time-trends in demographic- and tumor-specific populations. The RNET age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database between 2001 and 2020. The population was stratified by age into older (≥55 years) and younger adults (<55 years), as well as by sex and race. The tumors were categorized by their stage at diagnosis into early and late. The annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC) were estimated using joinpoint regression and Monte Carlo permutation analysis. Pairwise comparison assessed for parallelism and coincidence. There were 59,846 patients diagnosed with RNET between 2001 and 2020 (50.3% women). Overall, the RNET incidence rates during this period were increasing in younger but not older adults (AAPC = 3.12 vs. −1.10; AAPC difference = 4.22, p < 0.001), with non-identical non-parallel data (p-values < 0.001). While similar results were seen in men, a greater age-specific difference was noted in women (AAPC = 3.31 vs. −1.10; AAPC difference = 4.41, p = 0.003). The difference between younger and older adults was seen in non-Hispanic White (AAPC-difference = 4.89; p < 0.001) and non-Hispanic Black (AAPC-difference = 3.33; p = 0.03) patients, and, in most years, among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander patients, and it was mostly driven by early-stage tumors (AAPC-difference = 3.93; p < 0.001). The nationwide data show a significantly increasing RNET incidence in younger adults, most notably in younger women and in early-stage tumors, seen in various races. Future studies should evaluate RNET risk factors and outcomes in demographic-specific populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Global Cancer Epidemiology)
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14 pages, 1182 KiB  
Article
The Risk of Colorectal Polyps after Weight Loss Therapy Versus Obesity: A Propensity-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study
by Hisham Hussan, Eric McLaughlin, Chienwei Chiang, Joseph G. Marsano and David Lieberman
Cancers 2023, 15(19), 4820; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15194820 - 30 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1078
Abstract
Background: A fundamental understanding of the impact of bariatric surgery (BRS) on mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis is limited. For instance, studies report a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in females but not in males after BRS. We examined whether this sex-specific difference existed [...] Read more.
Background: A fundamental understanding of the impact of bariatric surgery (BRS) on mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis is limited. For instance, studies report a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in females but not in males after BRS. We examined whether this sex-specific difference existed at the earlier polyp development stage. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 281,417 adults from the 2012–2020 MarketScan database. We compared polyps rates on colonoscopy in four groups: post- vs. pre-BRS (treatment) to post- vs. pre-severe obesity (SO) diagnosis (control). We focused our main analysis on a propensity-matched sample that yielded a balanced distribution of covariates in our four groups (n = 9680 adults, 21.9% males). We also adjusted for important covariates. Results: Metabolic syndrome parameters improved after bariatric surgery and worsened after severe obesity diagnosis (p < 0.05). The rate of polyps was 46.7% at a median of 0.5 years pre-BRS and 47.9% at a median of 0.6 years pre-SO diagnosis. The polyps rate was 45.4% at a median (range) of 3.2 (1.0–8.5) years post-BRS. Conversely, 53.8% of adults had polyps at 3.0 (1.0–8.6) years post-SO. There was no change in the risk of colorectal polyps in males or females post- vs. pre-BRS. However, the risk of polyps was higher in males (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02–1.70) and females (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.13–1.47) post- vs. pre-SO. When compared to the control group (SO), the odds ratios for colorectal polyps were lower for males and females after bariatric surgery (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44–0.90, and OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66–0.96, respectively). Conclusions: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of colorectal polyps, an effect that is ameliorated after bariatric surgery. These data are relevant for studies investigating colorectal carcinogenesis mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Global Cancer Epidemiology)
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12 pages, 417 KiB  
Article
Cancer in Migrants: A Population-Based Study in Italy
by Giulia Collatuzzo, Margherita Ferrante, Antonella Ippolito, Alessia Di Prima, Cristina Colarossi, Salvatore Scarpulla, Paolo Boffetta and Salvatore Sciacca
Cancers 2023, 15(12), 3103; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123103 - 08 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1344
Abstract
Background: Migrants are a vulnerable and neglected population. We aimed at investigating cancer proportionate rates in migrants in Sicily, Southern Italy. Methods: We extracted data on new cancer cases diagnosed between 2004 and 2019 from the Eastern Sicily cancer registry. We compared the [...] Read more.
Background: Migrants are a vulnerable and neglected population. We aimed at investigating cancer proportionate rates in migrants in Sicily, Southern Italy. Methods: We extracted data on new cancer cases diagnosed between 2004 and 2019 from the Eastern Sicily cancer registry. We compared the adjusted proportionate morbidity ratio (PMR) for the most common cancer types among migrants and non-migrants. We fitted multivariate logistic regression models comparing one cancer to all other cancers to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for migration status. The analysis was stratified by region of origin. Results: Overall, 4726 new cancer cases occurred in migrants between 2004 and 2019, 63.5% of those among women and 224,211 in non-migrants, including 54.5% among men, with odds for migrants/non-migrants of 2.1%. Migrants had an increased proportion of cervical (PMR = 2.68, 95% CI = 2.29–3.10) and lung cancer (PMR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.07–1.33). The highest OR in migrants was observed for cervical cancer (OR = 3.54, 95% CI = 2.99–4.20). Colorectal cancer was decreased among migrants (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77–0.96). Conclusions: Migrants to Sicily have higher odds of cervical cancer and a decreased risk of colorectal cancer compared to non-migrants. Increased odds were also detected for lung cancer, in particular in women. Different cancer patterns could be observed based on the region of origin. HPV-related cancers need targeted attention in migrants living in Sicily. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Global Cancer Epidemiology)
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17 pages, 314 KiB  
Article
Navigating Intercultural Medical Encounters: An Examination of Patient-Centered Communication Practices with Italian and Foreign Cancer Patients Living in Italy
by Filomena Marino, Francesca Alby, Cristina Zucchermaglio, Teresa Gloria Scalisi and Marco Lauriola
Cancers 2023, 15(11), 3008; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15113008 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1216
Abstract
Effective communication is crucial in cancer care due to the sensitive nature of the information and the psychosocial impact on patients and their families. Patient-centered communication (PCC) is the gold standard for providing quality cancer care, as it improves patient satisfaction, treatment adherence, [...] Read more.
Effective communication is crucial in cancer care due to the sensitive nature of the information and the psychosocial impact on patients and their families. Patient-centered communication (PCC) is the gold standard for providing quality cancer care, as it improves patient satisfaction, treatment adherence, clinical outcomes, and overall quality of life. However, doctor–patient communication can be complicated by ethnic, linguistic, and cultural differences. This study employed the ONCode coding system to investigate PCC practices in oncological visits (doctor’s communicative behavior, patient’s initiatives, misalignments, interruptions, accountability, and expressions of trust in participants’ talk, Markers of uncertainty in doctor’s talk, markers of emotions in doctor’s talk). Forty-two video-recorded patient–oncologist encounters (with 22 Italian and 20 foreign patients), including both first and follow-up visits, were analyzed. Three discriminant analyses were conducted to assess differences in PCC between patient groups (Italian or foreign patients) according to the type of encounter (first visit or follow-up) and the presence or absence of companions during the encounters. Multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the PCC differences by oncologist age, patient age, and patient sex, controlling for the type of encounter, the presence of a companion during the visit, and patient group on ONCode dimensions. No differences were found in PCC by patient group in discriminant analyses and regressions. Doctor communication behavior, interruptions, accountability, and expressions of trust were higher in first visits than in follow-ups. The disparities in PCC were primarily linked to the type of visit and the age of the oncologist. However, a qualitative analysis showed notable differences in the types of interruptions during visits with foreign patients compared to Italian patients. It is essential to minimize interruptions during intercultural encounters to foster a more respectful and conducive environment for patients. Furthermore, even when foreign patients demonstrate sufficient linguistic competence, healthcare providers should not solely rely on this factor to ensure effective communication and quality care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Global Cancer Epidemiology)
15 pages, 1999 KiB  
Article
Mediating Effects of Diagnostic Route on the Comorbidity Gap in Survival of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell or Follicular Lymphoma in England
by Matthew J. Smith, Bernard Rachet and Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez
Cancers 2022, 14(20), 5082; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14205082 - 17 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1305
Abstract
Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in survival from non-Hodgkin lymphoma persist. Comorbidities are more prevalent amongst those in more deprived areas and are associated with diagnostic delay (emergency diagnostic route), which is also associated with poorer survival probability. We aimed to describe the effect of [...] Read more.
Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in survival from non-Hodgkin lymphoma persist. Comorbidities are more prevalent amongst those in more deprived areas and are associated with diagnostic delay (emergency diagnostic route), which is also associated with poorer survival probability. We aimed to describe the effect of comorbidity on the probability of death mediated by diagnostic route (emergency vs. elective route) amongst patients with diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) or follicular lymphoma (FL). Methods: We linked the English population-based cancer registry and hospital admission records (2005–2013) of patients aged 45–99 years. We decomposed the effect of comorbidity on survival into an indirect effect acting through diagnostic route and a direct effect not mediated by diagnostic route. Furthermore, we estimated the proportion of the comorbidity effect on survival mediated by diagnostic route. Results: For both DLBCL (n = 27,379) and FL (n = 14,043), those with any comorbidity, or living in more deprived areas, were more likely to experience diagnostic delay and poorer survival. The indirect effect of comorbidity on mortality through diagnostic route was highest at 12 months since diagnosis (DLBCL: Odds Ratio 1.10 [95% CI 1.07–1.13], FL: OR 1.09 [95% CI 1.04–1.14]). Within the first 12 months since diagnosis, emergency diagnostic route accounted for 24% (95% CI 17.5–29.5) and 16% (95% CI 6.0–25.6) of the comorbidity effect on mortality, for DLBCL and FL, respectively. Conclusion: Efforts to reduce diagnostic delay (emergency diagnosis) amongst patients with comorbidity would reduce inequalities in DLBCL and FL survival by 24% and 16%, respectively. Further public health programs and interventions are needed to reduce diagnostic delay amongst lymphoma patients with comorbidities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Global Cancer Epidemiology)
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Review

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21 pages, 804 KiB  
Review
Novel Insights in Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment Methods in Ambulatory Cancer Patients: From the Guidelines to Clinical Practice
by Anca Drăgan and Adrian Ştefan Drăgan
Cancers 2024, 16(2), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16020458 - 21 Jan 2024
Viewed by 998
Abstract
Many cancer patients will experience venous thromboembolism (VTE) at some stage, with the highest rate in the initial period following diagnosis. Novel cancer therapies may further enhance the risk. VTE in a cancer setting is associated with poor prognostic, a decreased quality of [...] Read more.
Many cancer patients will experience venous thromboembolism (VTE) at some stage, with the highest rate in the initial period following diagnosis. Novel cancer therapies may further enhance the risk. VTE in a cancer setting is associated with poor prognostic, a decreased quality of life, and high healthcare costs. If thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized cancer patients and perioperative settings is widely accepted in clinical practice and supported by the guidelines, it is not the same situation in ambulatory cancer patient settings. The guidelines do not recommend primary thromboprophylaxis, except in high-risk cases. However, nowadays, risk stratification is still challenging, although many tools have been developed. The Khrorana score remains the most used method, but it has many limits. This narrative review aims to present the current relevant knowledge of VTE risk assessment in ambulatory cancer patients, starting from the guideline recommendations and continuing with the specific risk assessment methods and machine learning models approaches. Biomarkers, genetic, and clinical features were tested alone or in groups. Old and new models used in VTE risk assessment are exposed, underlining their clinical utility. Imaging and biomolecular approaches to VTE screening of outpatients with cancer are also presented, which could help clinical decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Global Cancer Epidemiology)
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12 pages, 2123 KiB  
Hypothesis
Association between Environmental Temperature and Survival in Gastroesophageal Cancers: A Population Based Study
by Kush Gupta, Anthony George, Kristopher Attwood, Ashish Gupta, Arya Mariam Roy, Shipra Gandhi, Beas Siromoni, Anurag Singh, Elizabeth Repasky and Sarbajit Mukherjee
Cancers 2024, 16(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16010074 - 22 Dec 2023
Viewed by 932
Abstract
Background: Cold stress suppresses antitumor response in animal models, leading to tumor growth. Recent studies have also shown a negative correlation between the average annual temperature (AAT) and cancer incidence. We hypothesized that esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) patients living in [...] Read more.
Background: Cold stress suppresses antitumor response in animal models, leading to tumor growth. Recent studies have also shown a negative correlation between the average annual temperature (AAT) and cancer incidence. We hypothesized that esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) patients living in warmer climates have improved survival outcomes than those living in colder climates. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1996 to 2015. We retrieved the National Centers for Environmental Information data to calculate the county-level AAT. Cox multivariate regression models were performed to measure the association between temperature (measured continuously at diagnosis and in 5-degree increments) and OS/DSS, adjusting for variables. All associations were compared at a significance level of 0.05. The OS and DSS were summarized using Kaplan–Meier methods. All statistics were performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: A total of 17,408 EC patients were analyzed. The average age of the cohort was 65 years, 79% of which were males and 21% were females. Of them, 61.6% had adenocarcinoma, and 37.6% were squamous. After adjusting for covariates, patients in regions with an AAT > 53.5 °F had an 11% improvement in OS [HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.92), p < 0.0001] and 13% in DSS [HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.84–0.90), p < 0.0001]. When the temperature was analyzed in 5 °F increments, with each increment, there was a 3% improvement in OS [HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.96–0.98), p < 0.0001] and 4% in DSS [HR 0.96 (95% CI 0.95–0.97), p < 0.0001]. Subgroup analysis of squamous and adenocarcinoma showed similar results. These findings were validated in 20,553 GC patients. After adjusting for covariates, patients in regions with an AAT > 53.5 had a 13% improvement in OS [HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.85–0.90), p < 0.0001] and 14% in DSS [HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.83–0.89), p < 0.0001]. When analyzed in 5 °F increments, with each increment, there was a 4% improvement in OS [HR 0.96 (95% CI 0.952–0.971), p < 0.0001] and 4% in DSS [HR 0.96 (95% CI 0.945–0.965), p < 0.0001]. Conclusion: We showed for the first time that higher environmental temperatures are associated with significant improvements in OS and DSS in patients with gastro-esophageal cancers, notwithstanding the limitations of a retrospective database analysis. Further confirmatory and mechanistic studies are required to implement specific interventional strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Global Cancer Epidemiology)
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