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13 pages, 1048 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tooth Abnormalities and Their Age-Dependent Occurrence in Leukemia Survivors

by Anna Jodłowska and Lidia Postek-Stefańska

Cancers 2023, 15(22), 5420; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15225420 - 15 Nov 2023

Viewed by 741

Abstract

The multidrug nature of anticancer treatment and different treatment protocols used in the studies are likely to be a major limitation in establishing real risk factors determining the occurrence of dental abnormalities. The authors aimed to establish a relationship between the duration and [...] Read more.

The multidrug nature of anticancer treatment and different treatment protocols used in the studies are likely to be a major limitation in establishing real risk factors determining the occurrence of dental abnormalities. The authors aimed to establish a relationship between the duration and the dose of chemotherapy and the number of tooth adverse effects in the group receiving the same treatment. Of the 40 anticancer therapy recipients who attended the outpatient dental clinic, 7 leukemia survivors receiving the treatment according to the ALL IC-BFM 2002 protocol were selected. The study group consisted of four females and three males aged 92 to 207 months at the time of dental examination and 29 to 91 months at leukemia diagnosis. As a result of the clinical and radiological examination, dental abnormalities such as agenesis, tooth size reduction, root abnormalities, and taurodontia were identified, and the medical records of all survivors were reviewed in terms of drugs administered, their doses, and treatment schedules. No correlation was observed between the treatment duration of an intensive therapy, the entire therapy, and the number of tooth abnormalities. No relationship was also found between the number of dental abnormalities and the cumulative dose of vincristine, L-asparaginase, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and 6-mercaptopurine. The age at the onset of antineoplastic therapy is likely to be the strongest risk factor for toxic injury during tooth development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Side Effects of Anticancer Therapy: Prevention and Management)

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10 pages, 514 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Randomized Clinical Trial Investigating an Integrated Nursing Educational Program to Mitigate Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients: The NIV-EC Trial

by Cristina Mazzega-Fabbro, Jerry Polesel, Lara Brusutti, Elisa Malnis, Chiara Sirelli, Annalisa Drigo, Marina Manicone, Monica Rizzetto, Camilla Lisanti and Fabio Puglisi

Cancers 2023, 15(21), 5174; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15215174 - 27 Oct 2023

Viewed by 921

Abstract

Background: In addition to pharmacological prevention, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can be mitigated through patient education; written supporting materials can be beneficial. Methods: This is a randomized, controlled trial which randomly assigned patients undergoing first chemotherapy cycle to receive oral information regarding [...] Read more.

Background: In addition to pharmacological prevention, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can be mitigated through patient education; written supporting materials can be beneficial. Methods: This is a randomized, controlled trial which randomly assigned patients undergoing first chemotherapy cycle to receive oral information regarding CINV prevention and management (control arm) or oral information plus an informative booklet (experimental arm). Overall, 384 cancer patients fulfilling the following inclusion criteria were enrolled: age ≥18 years; life expectancy ≥6 months; no cognitive impairment; written informed consent. After the first cycle, CINV occurrence and its impact on daily activities were assessed using the Functional Living Index Emesis (FLIE). Results: Severe nausea was self-reported by 3.0% and 10.8% of patients in the experimental and control group, respectively (difference: 7.8%; 95% confidence interval: 2.3% to 13.1%). Moderate/high impact of nausea on daily activities was lower in patients also receiving the booklet than in the control group (4.2% and 10.1%, respectively; difference: 5.9%; 95% confidence interval: 0.3% to 11.5%). Vomiting was not statistically different between study arms. Conclusions: This integrated nursing approach was effective in aiding cancer patients in CINV self-management. Although the beneficial effect was moderate, this intervention demands minimal resources in terms of costs and time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Side Effects of Anticancer Therapy: Prevention and Management)

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16 pages, 1512 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of 8% Capsaicin Patches in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Retrospective Study in a Comprehensive Cancer Center

by Florent Bienfait, Arthur Julienne, Sabrina Jubier-Hamon, Valerie Seegers, Thierry Delorme, Virginie Jaoul, Yves-Marie Pluchon, Nathalie Lebrec and Denis Dupoiron

Cancers 2023, 15(2), 349; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020349 - 05 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2456 | Correction

Abstract

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is often painful and can arise during or after the end of oncological treatments. They are mostly induced by platinum salts, taxanes, and immunotherapies. Their incidence is estimated between 19 and 85%. They can require a chemotherapy dose [...] Read more.

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is often painful and can arise during or after the end of oncological treatments. They are mostly induced by platinum salts, taxanes, and immunotherapies. Their incidence is estimated between 19 and 85%. They can require a chemotherapy dose reduction or early termination. The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) recommends high-concentration capsaicin patch (HCCP) in second line for the treatment of painful CIPN. This treatment induces a significative pain relief but only shown by low-powered studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of HCCP applications in CIPN. Methods: This monocentric observational retrospective real-world-data study of the CERCAN cohort took place in the Western Cancer Institute’s Anaesthesiology and Pain Department at Angers, France. Independent pain physicians completed the CGIC (Clinician Global Impression of Change) for each patient who benefited from HCCP applications for painful CIPN starting from 1 January 2014 to 22 December 2021, based on the collected data after every patch application. Results: A total of 57 patients (80.7% women) was treated with HCCP for painful CIPN, and 184 applications were realized, consisting of 296 sessions. CGIC found an important or complete pain relief for 61 applications (33.2%, corresponding to 43.9% patients). We found less efficacy for platinum-salts-induced CIPN compared to others (p = 0.0238). The efficacy was significatively higher for repeated applications when HCCP was used in second line compared to third line (p = 0.018). The efficacy of HCCP was significatively higher starting the third application (p = 0.0334). HCCPs were mainly responsible for local adverse events found in 66.6% patients (65.1% burning or painful sensation, 21.1% erythema). Conclusion: HCCP applications in painful CIPN induce an important pain relief with a global satisfying tolerability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Side Effects of Anticancer Therapy: Prevention and Management)

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11 pages, 1172 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Pulmonary Sepsis and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Pharmacovigilance Study

by Shuang Xia, Hui Gong, Yichang Zhao, Lin Guo, Yikun Wang, Bikui Zhang, Mayur Sarangdhar, Yoshihiro Noguchi and Miao Yan

Cancers 2023, 15(1), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010240 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1642

Abstract

Background: Although some sepsis cases were reported with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in clinical trials, the link between pulmonary sepsis and ICIs remains mostly unknown. We aim to investigate the association between pulmonary sepsis and ICIs, and to describe the clinical features. Methods: [...] Read more.

Background: Although some sepsis cases were reported with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in clinical trials, the link between pulmonary sepsis and ICIs remains mostly unknown. We aim to investigate the association between pulmonary sepsis and ICIs, and to describe the clinical features. Methods: A disproportionality analysis was performed using FAERS data and compared rates of pulmonary sepsis in cancer patients receiving ICIs vs. other drug regimens (such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy). Associations between ICIs and sepsis were assessed using reporting odds ratios (ROR) and information component (IC). We also detected drug interaction signals based on the Ω shrinkage measure. Age and gender distribution were compared between pulmonary sepsis and all adverse events associated with ICIs. Results: We identified 120 reports of pulmonary sepsis associated with ICIs between Q1, 2011 to Q3, 2021. A total of 82 of 120 (68.3%) patients on ICIs suffered from pulmonary sepsis and progressed to death. In addition, there is no significant difference in age and gender in the occurrence of pulmonary sepsis in cancer patients on ICIs. Overall ICIs, nivolumab, and atezolizumab still have a significant signal of pulmonary sepsis (ROR₀₂₅ > 1, IC₀₂₅ > 0, p < 0.001) compared with targeted therapy (such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors) or chemotherapy. Co-administration of ICIs and glucocorticoids or proton pump inhibitors synergistically increased the risk of pulmonary sepsis (Ω₀₂₅ > 0). Conclusions: Our study suggested ICIs, especially nivolumab and atezolizumab, tended to increase the risk of pulmonary sepsis more than other anticancer regimens. Clinicians should be vigilant in the prevention and management of pulmonary sepsis during ICIs therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Side Effects of Anticancer Therapy: Prevention and Management)

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19 pages, 3444 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

BRAF and MEK Inhibitors and Their Toxicities: A Meta-Analysis

by Mattia Garutti, Melissa Bergnach, Jerry Polesel, Lorenza Palmero, Maria Antonietta Pizzichetta and Fabio Puglisi

Cancers 2023, 15(1), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010141 - 26 Dec 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3243

Abstract

Purpose: This meta-analysis summarizes the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (AE) of BRAFi and MEKi. Methods: A systematic search of Medline/PubMed was conducted to identify suitable articles published in English up to 31 December 2021. The primary outcomes were profiles for all-grade and [...] Read more.

Purpose: This meta-analysis summarizes the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (AE) of BRAFi and MEKi. Methods: A systematic search of Medline/PubMed was conducted to identify suitable articles published in English up to 31 December 2021. The primary outcomes were profiles for all-grade and grade 3 or higher treatment-related AEs, and the analysis of single side effects belonging to both categories. Results: The overall incidence of treatment-related all-grade Aes was 99% for Encorafenib (95% CI: 0.97–1.00) and 97% for Trametinib (95% CI: 0.92–0.99; I² = 66%) and Binimetinib (95% CI: 0.94–0.99; I² = 0%). In combined therapies, the rate was 98% for both Vemurafenib + Cobimetinib (95% CI: 0.96–0.99; I² = 77%) and Encorafenib + Binimetinib (95% CI: 0.96–1.00). Grade 3 or higher adverse events were reported in 69% of cases for Binimetinib (95% CI: 0.50–0.84; I² = 71%), 68% for Encorafenib (95% CI: 0.61–0.74), and 72% for Vemurafenib + Cobimetinib (95% CI: 0.65–0.79; I² = 84%). The most common grade 1–2 AEs were pyrexia (43%) and fatigue (28%) for Dabrafenib + Trametinib and diarrhea for both Vemurafenib + Cobimetinib (52%) and Encorafenib + Binimetinib (34%). The most common AEs of grade 3 or higher were pyrexia, rash, and hypertension for Dabrafenib + Trametinib (6%), rash and hypertension for Encorafenib + Binimetinib (6%), and increased AST and ALT for Vemurafenib + Cobimetinib (10%). Conclusions: Our study provides comprehensive data on treatment-related adverse events of BRAFi and MEKi combination therapies, showing related toxicity profiles to offer a helpful tool for clinicians in the choice of therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Side Effects of Anticancer Therapy: Prevention and Management)

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Review

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17 pages, 946 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cardiac Arrhythmias in Patients Treated for Lung Cancer: A Review

by Maja Hawryszko, Grzegorz Sławiński, Bartłomiej Tomasik and Ewa Lewicka

Cancers 2023, 15(24), 5723; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15245723 - 06 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1083

Abstract

Cardio-oncology currently faces one of the greatest challenges in the field of health care. The main goal of this discipline is to ensure that patients treated for cancer do not suffer or die from cardiovascular disease. The number of studies on the mechanisms [...] Read more.

Cardio-oncology currently faces one of the greatest challenges in the field of health care. The main goal of this discipline is to ensure that patients treated for cancer do not suffer or die from cardiovascular disease. The number of studies on the mechanisms of heart injury during cancer treatment is constantly increasing. However, there is insufficient data on heart rhythm disorders that may result from this treatment. This issue seems to be particularly important in patients with lung cancer, in whom anticancer therapy, especially radiotherapy, may contribute to the onset of cardiac arrhythmias. The observed relationship between cardiac dosimetry and radiotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in lung cancer treatment may explain the increased mortality from cardiovascular causes in patients after chest irradiation. Further research is essential to elucidate the role of cardiac arrhythmias in this context. Conversely, recent reports have highlighted the application of stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR) in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia. This review of available studies on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of arrhythmias in patients treated for lung cancer aims to draw attention to the need for regular cardiological monitoring in this group of patients. Improving cardiac care for patients with lung cancer has the potential to enhance their overall therapeutic outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Side Effects of Anticancer Therapy: Prevention and Management)

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10 pages, 1365 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDK) 4/6 in the Ovarian Tissue and the Possible Effects of Their Exogenous Inhibition

by Graziana Scavone, Silvia Ottonello, Eva Blondeaux, Luca Arecco, Paola Scaruffi, Sara Stigliani, Barbara Cardinali, Roberto Borea, Michele Paudice, Valerio G. Vellone, Margherita Condorelli, Isabelle Demeestere and Matteo Lambertini

Cancers 2023, 15(20), 4923; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15204923 - 10 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1261

Abstract

The combination of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy is the standard treatment for patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer. Recently, this combination has also entered the early setting as an adjuvant treatment in patients with HR+/HER2− disease at a high [...] Read more.

The combination of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy is the standard treatment for patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer. Recently, this combination has also entered the early setting as an adjuvant treatment in patients with HR+/HER2− disease at a high risk of disease recurrence following (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Despite their current use in clinical practice, limited data on the potential gonadotoxicity of CDK4/6 inhibitors are available. Hence, fully informed treatment decision making by premenopausal patients concerned about the potential development of premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility with the proposed therapy remains difficult. The cell cycle progression of granulosa and cumulus cells is a critical process for ovarian function, especially for ensuring proper follicular growth and acquiring competence. Due to the pharmacological properties of CDK4/6 inhibitors, there could be a potentially negative impact on ovarian function and fertility in women of reproductive age. This review aims to summarize the role of the cyclin D-CDK4 and CDK6 complexes in the ovary and the potential impact of CDK4/6 inhibition on its physiological processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Side Effects of Anticancer Therapy: Prevention and Management)

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Other

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1 pages, 431 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Bienfait et al. Evaluation of 8% Capsaicin Patches in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Retrospective Study in a Comprehensive Cancer Center. Cancers 2023, 15, 349

by Florent Bienfait, Arthur Julienne, Sabrina Jubier-Hamon, Valerie Seegers, Thierry Delorme, Virginie Jaoul, Yves-Marie Pluchon, Nathalie Lebrec and Denis Dupoiron

Cancers 2023, 15(14), 3613; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15143613 - 14 Jul 2023

Viewed by 628

Abstract

In the original publication [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Side Effects of Anticancer Therapy: Prevention and Management)

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30 pages, 1209 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Medication Adherence among Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review

by Chiara Visintini, Irene Mansutti and Alvisa Palese

Cancers 2023, 15(9), 2452; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15092452 - 25 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1271

Abstract

Recipients of a haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may experience issues in medication adherence (MA) when discharged. The primary aim of this review was to describe the oral MA prevalence and the tools used to evaluate it among these patients; the secondary aims [...] Read more.

Recipients of a haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may experience issues in medication adherence (MA) when discharged. The primary aim of this review was to describe the oral MA prevalence and the tools used to evaluate it among these patients; the secondary aims were to summarise factors affecting medication non-adherence (MNA), interventions promoting MA, and outcomes of MNA. A systematic review (PROSPERO no. CRD42022315298) was performed by searching the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus databases, and grey literature up to May 2022 by including (a) adult recipients of allogeneic HSCT, taking oral medications up to 4 years after HSCT; (b) primary studies published in any year and written in any language; (c) with an experimental, quasi-experimental, observational, correlational, and cross-sectional design; and (d) with a low risk of bias. We provide a qualitative narrative synthesis of the extracted data. We included 14 studies with 1049 patients. The median prevalence of MA was 61.8% and it has not decreased over time (immunosuppressors 61.5% [range 31.3–88.8%] and non-immunosuppressors 65.2% [range 48–100%]). Subjective measures of MA have been used most frequently (78.6%) to date. Factors affecting MNA are younger age, higher psychosocial risk, distress, daily immunosuppressors, decreased concomitant therapies, and experiencing more side effects. Four studies reported findings about interventions, all led by pharmacists, with positive effects on MA. Two studies showed an association between MNA and chronic graft-versus-host disease. The variability in adherence rates suggests that the issues are relevant and should be carefully considered in daily practice. MNA has a multifactorial nature and thus requires multidisciplinary care models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Side Effects of Anticancer Therapy: Prevention and Management)

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