Oncolytic Viruses as an Emerging Aspect of Immune Oncology

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 1341

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
Interests: oncolytic viruses; immunotherapy; hepatocellular carcinoma; pancreatic cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oncolytic viruses (OVs), mainly known for their ability to specifically target and cause the lysis of cancer cells, have more recently become accepted as a unique and promising aspect of immuno-oncology. Through the process of virus replication and innate responses to the infection process in tumors, the tumor microenvironment (TME) often undergoes a reprogramming and a conversion of immune suppression into immune stimulation, which can lead to potent systemic immune responses directed against distant tumor cells throughout the body. Furthermore, by heating up the TME, solid cancers can be sensitized to other forms of immunotherapy (i.e., immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies, tumor vaccines, etc.) through OV treatment. Due to their multimechanistic modes of action, OVs represent an exciting approach in immuno-oncology, which can be applied either in a monotherapy setting or as components of rationally designed combination approaches for potential synergistic effects.

The Special Issue aims to highlight this exciting translational approach in immuno-oncology. We are pleased to invite you to submit original contributions related to this topic, including reports on novel OV vectors with immuno-stimulatory potential, OV-based tumor vaccines, combination immunotherapy approaches, and clinical studies involving OV-based immunotherapeutics in cancer patients. 

We invite investigators to submit original research articles, as well as review articles, that will stimulate the scientific community and enhance the growing body of knowledge on oncolytic viruses and cancer immunotherapy. I/We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Jennifer Altomonte
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • oncolytic virus
  • virotherapy
  • immunotherapy
  • immuno-oncology
  • tumor vaccine

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 3278 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Sensitivity of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms to an Armed Oncolytic Measles Vaccine Virus
by Nikolai V. Scheicher, Susanne Berchtold, Julia Beil, Irina Smirnow, Andrea Schenk and Ulrich M. Lauer
Cancers 2024, 16(3), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16030488 - 23 Jan 2024
Viewed by 965
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms represent a heterogenous group of rare tumors whose current therapeutic options show only limited efficacy. Oncolytic viruses exert their mode of action through (onco-)lysis of infected tumor cells and the induction of a systemic antitumoral immune response in a virus-induced inflammatory [...] Read more.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms represent a heterogenous group of rare tumors whose current therapeutic options show only limited efficacy. Oncolytic viruses exert their mode of action through (onco-)lysis of infected tumor cells and the induction of a systemic antitumoral immune response in a virus-induced inflammatory micromilieu. Here, we investigated the potential of our well-established second-generation suicide-gene armed oncolytic measles vaccine virus (MeV-SCD) in five human NEN cell lines. First, (i) expression of the MeV receptor CD46 and (ii) its correlation with primary infection rates were analyzed. Next, (iii) promising combination partners for MeV-SCD were tested by employing either the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine, which is converted into the chemotherapeutic compound 5-fluorouracil, or the mTOR-inhibitor everolimus. As a result, MeV-SCD was found to kill all NEN tumor cell lines efficiently in a dose-dependent manner. This oncolytic effect was further enhanced by exploiting the prodrug-converting system, which was found to be highly instrumental in overcoming the partial resistance found in a single NEN cell line. Furthermore, viral replication was unaffected by everolimus, which is a basic requirement for combined use in NEN patients. These data suggest that MeV-SCD has profound potential for patients with NEN, thus paving the way for early clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oncolytic Viruses as an Emerging Aspect of Immune Oncology)
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