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Mechanical Properties of Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures

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A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 5442

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Guoqiang Liu

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Guest Editor

School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Interests: asphalt; pavement engineering

Dr. Yanqiu Bi

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Guest Editor

Associate Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China
Interests: road engineering; asphalt pavement; durable pavement; rheological characteristic; smart road; energy conservation; vehicle exhaust purification

Dr. Xiaokang Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
Interests: pavement material; asphalt pavement; fatigue damage; meso scale simulation; micro scale characteristic; discrete element method; mesoscopic cracking

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Asphalt mixtures are common pavement materials and the foundation of highway infrastructure. Their mechanical properties are directly related to the service behavior and service life of the pavement structure. Asphalt mixture mechanical properties are analyzed by means of testing and numerical simulation technologies. An effective path for the optimization of the construction, management, and maintenance of pavement structures can be proposed by predicting the performance service process of the pavement structure.

In recent years, many scholars have had many achievements in developing the constitutive model of asphalt base materials, the multi-scale mechanical behavior of asphalt mixture, and cross-scale prediction. In order to fully display the latest research achievements in the field of asphalt mixture mechanical properties, the journal Buildings would like to announce a call for papers for a Special Issue devoted to “Mechanical Properties of Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures”. Original research and review papers on the following topics are welcome:

Constitutive models of asphalt base materials under multi-physical field coupling;
Mechanical parameter inversion and service performance prediction of asphalt pavement;
Rheology of asphalt materials;
Microstructure and mechanical behavior of asphalt and asphalt mixtures;
Test methods for physical and mechanical properties of asphalt materials at different scales;
Application of big data and artificial intelligence technologies in pavement design and evaluation;
Smart pavement structures and materials;
Nondestructive testing techniques for determining pavement performance;
Evaluation and utilization of technology for recycled asphalt pavement.

Dr. Guoqiang Liu
Dr. Yanqiu Bi
Dr. Xiaokang Zhao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

asphalt binder
asphalt mixture
recycled asphalt pavement
high-modulus asphalt concrete
discrete element method
finite element method
rheological characteristics
durable pavement
energy conservation
vehicle exhaust purification

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3122 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing Rural Pavements with SBS-Modified Asphalt Binders and Petroleum Resin

by Je-won Kim, Kyungnam Kim and Tri Ho Minh Le

Buildings 2024, 14(1), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010116 - 02 Jan 2024

Viewed by 772

Abstract

This study addresses the imperative for enhancing asphalt mixtures tailored for rural pavements, focusing on optimizing RAP mixtures with styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt binders incorporating petroleum resin and oil. Through systematic investigation, the study examines the impact of varying RAP content (25% and 50%) and two SBS-modified asphalt binder types (Type 1 and Type 2) on mechanical properties and sustainability. Laboratory tests reveal that the mix of 25% RAP + 75% Type 1 exhibits exceptional flexibility, evidenced by a high ductility value of 880 mm at 25 °C, enhancing pavement resilience. Conversely, the 50% RAP + 50% Type 2 mixture displays vulnerability to fatigue cracking, while 25% RAP + 75% Type 1 demonstrates superior resistance, with a fatigue vulnerability value of 1524 kPa. The Hamburg Wheel Tracking test highlights the influence of RAP content on rut depth, with the mix of 50% RAP + 50% Type 1 achieving the lowest rutting at 3.9 mm. Overlay test results show the mix of 25% RAP + 75% Type 2’s resilience, with the lowest load reduction at 64.5%, while the mix of 50% RAP + 50% Type 1 exhibits substantial load reduction at 82.1%. Field tests unveil differences in pavement bearing capacities, with the mix of 25% RAP + 75% Type 2 demonstrating a remarkable elastic modulus of 58.5 MPa, indicating heightened bearing capacity. The investigation underscores the significant role of SBS-modified asphalt binders with incorporated petroleum resin and oil in enhancing fatigue resistance for sustainable rural pavements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures)

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16 pages, 9917 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Compaction Characteristics of a Foam Asphalt Hot In-Place Recycling Asphalt Mixture

by Xupeng Sun, Dedong Guo, Jin Li, Zhen Liu, Meng Xu, Qinshuai Hu, Qi Xu and Shihua Yang

Buildings 2024, 14(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010058 - 24 Dec 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1064

Abstract

This study investigates the application of foam asphalt (FA) to enhance the compaction effectiveness of a hot in-place recycling asphalt mixture (HIR-AM) during the HIR process of old road surfaces. Initially, the process parameters for FA preparation were determined through expansion-rate and half-life tests. Subsequently, the study focused on evaluating the impact of FA on the compaction quality of HIR-AM. Performance assessments were conducted through rutting tests, low-temperature bending tests, Hamburg wheel tracking tests, dynamic modulus analyses, and various other experiments to evaluate the road performance of HIR-FAM. Finally, the research findings were validated through practical engineering applications, and the construction process for HIR-FAM was summarized. The research results reveal that the optimal foaming temperature for SBS asphalt is 170 °C, with an ideal water content of 1.7%. Under the same compaction temperature, HIR-FAM demonstrated a significant reduction in void content, ranging from 3.8% to 21.2% compared to HIR-AM. Moreover, a higher proportion of FA usage resulted in a more substantial decrease in void content. Compared to HIR-AM, HIR-FAM exhibited notable improvements, including an 11.6% increase in dynamic stability, a 13.4% enhancement in bending strength, a 13.3% increase in maximum bending strain, an 8.1% improvement in residual stability, and an 8.5% boost in freeze–thaw splitting strength. Furthermore, HIR-FAM demonstrated superior water-thermal stability and resistance to low-frequency loads. Paving a test road verified that the adoption of foam asphalt in thermal recycling led to a compaction density increase of over 0.79% compared to traditional in situ thermal recycling sections, with improved compaction uniformity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures)

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15 pages, 2481 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating the Effects of RA on the Rheological Properties and Aging Susceptibility of RAM Asphalt

by Qifeng Yang, Zhen Liu, Rui Wang, Lijun Sun and Runhua Zhang

Buildings 2024, 14(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010018 - 20 Dec 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 589

Abstract

Recycling agents (RAs) can mitigate the adverse effects of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) on recycled asphalt, which can result in more RAP being added. To explore the effects of four RAs on recycled asphalt, this study used asphalt rheological performance experiments, including the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test, the dynamic shear rheological (DSR) test, and the indirect tensile asphalt cracking test (IDEAL-CT), to study the performance grade (PG), cracking resistance, and cracking susceptibility of recycled asphalt. In addition, an aging model for asphalt was used, and short-term and long-term aging sensitivities were evaluated according to this model. Results showed that US Soybean significantly enhanced the high-temperature and low-temperature performance grade (PGLT) and cracking resistance and reduced cracking sensitivity of the recycled asphalt. In addition, the short-term aging sensitivity was the lowest. It showed the best regeneration effect. However, the recycled asphalt with US Soybean showed the highest long-term aging sensitivity, suggesting that longer aging time results in poorer performance. Ingevity’s PG, cracking resistance, and cracking sensitivity are slightly lower than that of US Soybean, and Ingevity demonstrated the second lowest short-term aging sensitivity. However, its prolonged aging sensitivity was much lower than that of US Soybean. Asphalt and Wax Innovations and Georgia Pacific agents slightly improved recycled asphalt properties. The long-term aging sensitivity of recycled asphalt with four Ras was higher than that of recycled asphalt without Ras. These results indicated that the recycled asphalt’s performance with Ras worsened as aging time increased compared to the original recycled asphalt. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures)

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22 pages, 4408 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing Cement Asphalt Mortar Mixtures for Bridge Expansion Joints in Tropical Climates: Performance and Durability Assessment

by Kyungnam Kim, Yeong-Min Kim and Tri Ho Minh Le

Buildings 2023, 13(11), 2810; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112810 - 09 Nov 2023

Viewed by 666

Abstract

In this study, the suitability of various Cement Asphalt Mortar (CAM) mixtures for bridge expansion joint applications in tropical climates was quantitatively assessed. A comprehensive analysis encompassed key properties, including mixing stability, flowability, unconfined compressive strength, expansion characteristics, and resistance to acidic and alkali environments. The influence of high-temperature exposure on unconfined compressive strength and the microstructural features were also examined. The results revealed a discernible trend: lower cement content, in conjunction with anionic Asphalt Emulsion (AE) or epoxy resin, significantly enhanced mixing stability and flowability while contributing to improved unconfined compressive strength and chemical degradation resistance. Notably, epoxy resin emerged as a valuable component in mitigating high-temperature-induced strength reduction, indicating potential promise for CAM mixture design. SEM analysis visually supported these findings by highlighting the microstructural distinctions among CAM mixtures. Quantitatively, the findings indicated that CAM mixtures with a 25% cement content and 75% anionic AE exhibited an 11% improvement in mixing stability, along with a 13% enhancement in flowability, relative to the control mixture with 100% cement. Additionally, CAM mixtures incorporating epoxy resin (at various percentages) with anionic AE exhibited a significant 15% resistance to high-temperature-induced UCS reduction, surpassing other mixtures. The SEM micrographs visually confirmed the superior microstructural connectivity achieved with epoxy resin, further validating the observed enhancements. These quantitative results offer a robust foundation for tailoring CAM mixture compositions to optimize their suitability for rigorous infrastructure projects in tropical climates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures)

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17 pages, 3946 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Fractionation Process and Addition of Composite Crumb Rubber-Modified Asphalt on Road Performance Variability of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Content

by Wenwu Wei, Chao Ji, Honggang Song, Zhigang Li, Zhen Liu, Lijun Sun and Zhou Zhou

Buildings 2023, 13(11), 2729; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112729 - 29 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 650

Abstract

The application of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) can help reduce resource waste and environmental pollution in road construction. However, so far, only a small percentage of RAP materials can be used in road construction. The key obstacles to the application of a recycled asphalt mixture (RAM) with high RAP content are the variability of RAP materials and the difficulty of fully rejuvenating aged asphalt. However, there is still a lack of research on the effect of the variability of RAP materials and recycled asphalt on the quality control of a RAM. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of sieve pretreatment of RAP material using 4.75 mm sieve mesh and the use of composite crumb rubber-modified asphalt (CCRMA) to reclaim aged asphalt on the road performance and frame variability of reclaimed asphalt mixtures. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of the fractionation process of RAP material using 4.75 mm sieve mesh and the use of CCRMA to reclaim aged asphalt on the road performance of a RAM. The results show that the fractionation process can effectively reduce the mitigation of RAP agglomeration and reduce the variability of gradation, which in turn reduces the variability of road performance. The incorporation of CCRMA can effectively improve the high-temperature stability performance and low-temperature cracking resistance. The dynamic stability and the fracture energy of the CRAM (RAM prepared using CCRMA) were four and one and a half times as large as that of the NAM (RAM prepared using base asphalt), respectively. The fractionation process of RAP material and the utilization of CCRMA could help reduce the variability of the RAM while improving the road performance of the RAM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures)

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14 pages, 6833 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of Pavement Performance and Temperature Regulation Capacity of Asphalt Binders Modified with Dual-Phase-Change Materials

by Donghui Huo, Debao Hou, Shuaixiang Zhang, Wei Gao, Changchun Yu, Ling Jia, Baolin Chang, Rui Zhang and Meng Guo

Buildings 2023, 13(11), 2702; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112702 - 26 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 778

Abstract

Due to the temperature changes caused by seasonal changes and extreme weather, asphalt pavement suffers from rutting, cracking, and other damage. With commonly used pavement additives, the high-temperature performance and the low-temperature performance of asphalt pavement show opposite trends, with related research endeavoring to find a balance between the two. In this study, a dual-phase-change material (DPCM) with both high- and low-temperature effects was prepared. The chemical stability and rheological properties of modified asphalt binders were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Temperature control tests of the DPCM-modified asphalt binders were carried out with an indoor simulation device. The results show that the DPCMs could improve the rutting resistance of the asphalt binders at a high temperature, but the fatigue performance of the modified asphalt binder with different DPCM contents was reduced. The FTIR results showed that no chemical reaction occurred in the mixing of the asphalt binder and the DPCM. In the indoor simulation temperature control test, the 40% DPCM-content-modified asphalt binder reduced the high-temperature extreme value by 4.2 °C and increased the low-temperature extreme value by 2.5 °C, showing a good temperature control effect and practical application value. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures)

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