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Biomolecules
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New Advances in Molecular Oncology
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New Advances in Molecular Oncology

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 21655

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
Interests: ancer genomics/genetics; precision medicine; cell adhesion/migration/invasion; mechanobiology; malignant transition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sunil S. Badve

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
Interests: breast cancer; thymic tumors; molecular biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Molecular pathology is an emerging discipline in oncology and pathology that encompasses molecular and genetic approaches to verify molecular mechanisms of human disease. It is multidisciplinary in nature and has evolved into a growing research field.

In cancer research, advanced technologies in DNA sequencing and genome-wide association studies provide the strength to identify and characterize key drivers in different cancers. Several well-known alterations, either at genetic or molecular levels, have been utilized as routine screening biomarkers and therapeutic targets for clinical intervention. The paradigms include gefitinib (Iressa) for lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations, trastuzumab (Herceptin) for breast cancer with HER2 amplification/overexpression, imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) for leukemia with BCR-Abl fusions, and so on. Those successful achievements make personalized precision medicine possible.

In addition to genetic aberrations, studies in abnormal transcriptome, altered epigenome statuses, and structural variations in chromatin architecture open the door for a new era of cancer genomics research. Artificial intelligence and machine learning is being applied to big data processing and pathology imaging. Emerging new algorithms are set to change the way for primary diagnosis and clinical management. This new knowledge and information provides us with the opportunity as well as the challenge to properly translate novel findings into real clinical practice.

To address future perspectives in molecular pathology, we invite authors to submit research or review articles describing their recent findings in clinical diagnostics, molecular mechanisms, and (cyto)pathological changes involved in tumor initiation and progression. Cutting-edge studies in therapeutics development and preventive strategies against cancer are highly welcome.

Potential topics in this Special Issue include but are not limited to the following:

  1. Cancer subtypes and therapy;
  2. Impending molecular diagnostic revolution;
  3. Digital pathology and AI learning;
  4. Molecular mechanisms/signaling in tumorigenesis;
  5. Early detection, diagnosis, and prevention;
  6. Integration of molecular pathology with new technologies.

Prof. Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
Prof. Dr. Sunil S. Badve
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • molecular pathology
  • oncogenomics
  • clinical diagnosis
  • cancer therapy
  • digital pathology
  • imaging processing

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 43824 KiB  
Article
Irisin Association with Ki-67, MCM3 and MT-I/II in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Larynx
by Agnieszka Pinkowska, Katarzyna Nowinska, Urszula Ciesielska and Marzenna Podhorska-Okolow
Biomolecules 2022, 12(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12010052 - 30 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1838
Abstract
Background: Current studies indicate irisin role in carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of irisin in LSCCs and to determine its association with clinicopathological factors, as well as recognized markers of proliferation, i.e., Ki-67 and MCM3,5,7 and MT-I/II [...] Read more.
Background: Current studies indicate irisin role in carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of irisin in LSCCs and to determine its association with clinicopathological factors, as well as recognized markers of proliferation, i.e., Ki-67 and MCM3,5,7 and MT-I/II proteins. Material and methods: The research material consisted of 140 cases of LSCCs, 57 cases of laryngeal papillomas (BLs) and 14 controls (benign hypertrophic changes). Tissue microarrays were used to perform IHC. Western blot and immunofluorescence were performed in laryngeal cancer cell lines and normal keratinocytes. Results: Irisin expression levels were significantly increased in LSCC compared to BLs (p < 0.0001) and controls (p = 0.001). We noted a positive moderate and weak correlation between irisin and Ki-67, MCM3 and MT-I/II. We observed an elevated level of irisin expression with increasing tumor size (T1–2 vs. T3–4; p = 0.0348). The levels of irisin were higher in N0 than in N1 and N2–3 (p = 0.0031 and p = 0.0457, respectively). Our in vitro study revealed a higher level of irisin in Larynx Epidermoid Carcinoma 2 (HEp-2) cells compared to the control Normal Human Keratinocyte (HaCat) cell line. Conclusions: Increased irisin expression levels in LSCC and its correlation with clinicopathological and proliferation factors may indicate the potential role of irisin as a biomarker in the diagnostic process of LSCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Molecular Oncology)
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14 pages, 4083 KiB  
Article
UBE2C Drives Human Cervical Cancer Progression and Is Positively Modulated by mTOR
by An-Jen Chiang, Chia-Jung Li, Kuan-Hao Tsui, Chung Chang, Yuan-chin Ivan Chang, Li-Wen Chen, Tsung-Hsien Chang and Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
Biomolecules 2021, 11(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010037 - 30 Dec 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3745
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy, accounting for 10% of all gynecological cancers. Recently, targeted therapy for cervical cancer has shown unprecedented advantages. Several studies have shown that ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2C) is highly expressed in a series of tumors, and [...] Read more.
Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy, accounting for 10% of all gynecological cancers. Recently, targeted therapy for cervical cancer has shown unprecedented advantages. Several studies have shown that ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2C) is highly expressed in a series of tumors, and participates in the progression of these tumors. However, the possible impact of UBE2C on the progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) remains unclear. Here, we carried out tissue microarray analysis of paraffin-embedded tissues from 294 cervical cancer patients with FIGO/TNM cancer staging records. The results indicated that UBE2C was highly expressed in human CESC tissues and its expression was related to the clinical characteristics of CESC patients. Overexpression and knockdown of UBE2C enhanced and reduced cervical cancer cell proliferation, respectively, in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that UBE2C regulated the expression and activity of the mTOR/PI3K/AKT pathway. In summary, we confirmed that UBE2C is involved in the process of CESC and that UBE2C may represent a molecular target for CESC treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Molecular Oncology)
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18 pages, 3704 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Migration and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells by IQGAP3
by Natini Jinawath, Meng-Shin Shiao, Pichaya Chanpanitkitchote, Jisnuson Svasti, Yoichi Furukawa and Yusuke Nakamura
Biomolecules 2020, 10(8), 1194; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10081194 - 17 Aug 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3229
Abstract
Although gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in the world, mechanisms underlying this type of tumor have not been fully understood. In this study, we found that IQGAP3, a member of the IQGAP gene family, was [...] Read more.
Although gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in the world, mechanisms underlying this type of tumor have not been fully understood. In this study, we found that IQGAP3, a member of the IQGAP gene family, was significantly up-regulated in human gastric cancer starting from the early stages of tumor progression. Overexpression of IQGAP3 in 293T and NIH3T3 cells, which have no endogenous IQGAP3 expression, resulted in morphological change with multiple dendritic-like protrusions and enhanced migration. Overexpression of IQGAP3 also led to reduced cell–cell adhesion in 293T cells, likely as a result of its interactions with e-cadherin or β-catenin proteins. Additionally, IQGAP3 accumulated along the leading edge of migrating cells and at the cleavage furrow of dividing cells. In contrast, suppression of IQGAP3 by short-interfering RNA (siRNA) markedly reduced invasion and anchorage-independent growth of MKN1 and TMK-1 gastric cancer cells. We further confirmed that IQGAP3 interacted with Rho family GTPases, and had an important role in cytokinesis. Taken together, we demonstrated that IQGAP3 plays critical roles in migration and invasion of human gastric cancer cells, and regulates cytoskeletal remodeling, cell migration and adhesion. These findings may open a new avenue for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Molecular Oncology)
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Review

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14 pages, 1135 KiB  
Review
BRCAness as a Biomarker of Susceptibility to PARP Inhibitors in Glioblastoma Multiforme
by Mary-Ann Xavier, Fernando Rezende, Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida and Bart Cornelissen
Biomolecules 2021, 11(8), 1188; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11081188 - 11 Aug 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4030
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer. GBMs commonly acquire resistance to standard-of-care therapies. Among the novel means to sensitize GBM to DNA-damaging therapies, a promising strategy is to combine them with inhibitors of the DNA damage repair (DDR) machinery, [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer. GBMs commonly acquire resistance to standard-of-care therapies. Among the novel means to sensitize GBM to DNA-damaging therapies, a promising strategy is to combine them with inhibitors of the DNA damage repair (DDR) machinery, such as inhibitors for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). PARP inhibitors (PARPis) have already shown efficacy and have received regulatory approval for breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer treatment. In these cancer types, after PARPi administration, patients carrying specific mutations in the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) suppressor genes have shown better response when compared to wild-type carriers. Mutated BRCA genes are infrequent in GBM tumors, but their cells can carry other genetic alterations that lead to the same phenotype collectively referred to as ‘BRCAness’. The most promising biomarkers of BRCAness in GBM are related to isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), MYC proto-oncogene, and estrogen receptors beta (ERβ). BRCAness status identified by accurate biomarkers can ultimately predict responsiveness to PARPi therapy, thereby allowing patient selection for personalized treatment. This review discusses potential biomarkers of BRCAness for a ‘precision medicine’ of GBM patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Molecular Oncology)
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18 pages, 1384 KiB  
Review
The Molecular Landscape Influencing Prognoses of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
by Chao-Lien Liu, Ray-Hwang Yuan and Tsui-Lien Mao
Biomolecules 2021, 11(7), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11070998 - 07 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3295
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the major increasing lethal malignancies of the gynecological tract, mostly due to delayed diagnosis and chemoresistance, as well as its very heterogeneous genetic makeup. Application of high-throughput molecular technologies, gene expression microarrays, and powerful preclinical models [...] Read more.
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the major increasing lethal malignancies of the gynecological tract, mostly due to delayed diagnosis and chemoresistance, as well as its very heterogeneous genetic makeup. Application of high-throughput molecular technologies, gene expression microarrays, and powerful preclinical models has provided a deeper understanding of the molecular characteristics of EOC. Therefore, molecular markers have become a potent tool in EOC management, including prediction of aggressiveness, prognosis, and recurrence, and identification of novel therapeutic targets. In addition, biomarkers derived from genomic/epigenomic alterations (e.g., gene mutations, copy number aberrations, and DNA methylation) enable targeted treatment of affected signaling pathways in advanced EOC, thereby improving the effectiveness of traditional treatments. This review outlines the molecular landscape and discusses the impacts of biomarkers on the detection, diagnosis, surveillance, and therapeutic targets of EOC. These findings focus on the necessity to translate these potential biomarkers into clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Molecular Oncology)
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20 pages, 981 KiB  
Review
Actionable Potentials of Less Frequently Mutated Genes in Colorectal Cancer and Their Roles in Precision Medicine
by Ryia Illani Mohd Yunos, Nurul Syakima Ab Mutalib, Francis Yew Fu Tieng, Nadiah Abu and Rahman Jamal
Biomolecules 2020, 10(3), 476; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10030476 - 20 Mar 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4284
Abstract
Global statistics have placed colorectal cancer (CRC) as the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth principal cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Improving survival for CRC is as important as early detection. Personalized medicine is important in maximizing an individual’s treatment success [...] Read more.
Global statistics have placed colorectal cancer (CRC) as the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth principal cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Improving survival for CRC is as important as early detection. Personalized medicine is important in maximizing an individual’s treatment success and minimizing the risk of adverse reactions. Approaches in achieving personalized therapy in CRC have included analyses of specific genes with its clinical implications. Tumour genotyping via next-generation sequencing has become a standard practice to guide clinicians into predicting tumor behaviour, disease prognosis, and treatment response. Nevertheless, better prognostic markers are necessary to further stratify patients for personalized treatment plans. The discovery of new markers remains indispensable in providing the most effective chemotherapy in order to improve the outcomes of treatment and survival in CRC patients. This review aims to compile and discuss newly discovered, less frequently mutated genes in CRC. We also discuss how these mutations are being used to assist therapeutic decisions and their potential prospective clinical utilities. In addition, we will summarize the importance of profiling the large genomic rearrangements, gene amplification, and large deletions and how these alterations may assist in determining the best treatment option for CRC patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Molecular Oncology)
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