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Biomimetics
Special Issues
Biomimicry and Functional Materials 2.0
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Biomimicry and Functional Materials 2.0

A special issue of Biomimetics (ISSN 2313-7673). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomimetics of Materials and Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 10671

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tun Naw Sut

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Guest Editor
School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: biomembranes; biointerfacial science; supported lipid bilayers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Bo Kyeong Yoon

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Guest Editor
School of Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
Interests: antimicrobial lipids; lipid membrane biotechnology; biosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomimicry is a feature that is highly sought after in various research fields and applications, such as biointerfacial science and biosensors, where natural biological structures and/or properties are required and/or desired for the intended functions. It is achieved using functional materials that are built with inspiration from biology via bottom–up self-assembly and/or the top–down process to replicate various aspects of biology. This allows for control over those aspects with reproducibility and the ability to finetune, which, otherwise, is limited in biology, so that the relevant research and application needs are met.     

In this Special Issue on “Biomimicry and Functional Materials 2.0”, we welcome a wide range of research works, from fundamental studies to applications dealing with biofunctional materials. The goal of this Special Issue is to present and promote the valuable contributions of researchers and scientists across different disciplines to the development and applications of bioinspired and biomimetic functional materials, which will benefit the scientific community and, hopefully, society at large.            

Dr. Tun Naw Sut
Dr. Bo Kyeong Yoon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomimetics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomimetic systems
  • bioinspired materials
  • functional biomaterials
  • biointerfaces
  • bioengineering
  • biotechnology

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4713 KiB  
Article
Cholesterol-Enriched Hybrid Lipid Bilayer Formation on Inverse Phosphocholine Lipid-Functionalized Titanium Oxide Surfaces
by Tun Naw Sut, Joshua A. Jackman and Nam-Joon Cho
Biomimetics 2023, 8(8), 588; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8080588 - 04 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1211
Abstract
Hybrid lipid bilayers (HLBs) are rugged biomimetic cell membrane interfaces that can form on inorganic surfaces and be designed to contain biologically important components like cholesterol. In general, HLBs are formed by depositing phospholipids on top of a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) composed [...] Read more.
Hybrid lipid bilayers (HLBs) are rugged biomimetic cell membrane interfaces that can form on inorganic surfaces and be designed to contain biologically important components like cholesterol. In general, HLBs are formed by depositing phospholipids on top of a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) composed of one-tail amphiphiles, while recent findings have shown that two-tail amphiphiles such as inverse phosphocholine (CP) lipids can have advantageous properties to promote zwitterionic HLB formation. Herein, we explored the feasibility of fabricating cholesterol-enriched HLBs on CP SAM-functionalized TiO2 surfaces with the solvent exchange and vesicle fusion methods. All stages of the HLB fabrication process were tracked by quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) measurements and revealed important differences in fabrication outcome depending on the chosen method. With the solvent exchange method, it was possible to fabricate HLBs with well-controlled cholesterol fractions up to ~65 mol% in the upper leaflet as confirmed by a methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) extraction assay. In marked contrast, the vesicle fusion method was only effective at forming HLBs from precursor vesicles containing up to ~35 mol% cholesterol, but this performance was still superior to past results on hydrophilic SiO2. We discuss the contributing factors to the different efficiencies of the two methods as well as the general utility of two-tail CP SAMs as favorable interfaces to incorporate cholesterol into HLBs. Accordingly, our findings support that the solvent exchange method is a versatile tool to fabricate cholesterol-enriched HLBs on CP SAM-functionalized TiO2 surfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimicry and Functional Materials 2.0)
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17 pages, 9465 KiB  
Article
Complex Evaluation of Nanocomposite-Based Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications
by Daniela Predoi, Simona Liliana Iconaru, Steluta Carmen Ciobanu, Nicolas Buton and Mihai Valentin Predoi
Biomimetics 2023, 8(7), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8070528 - 06 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1335
Abstract
A magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite in chitosan matrix (MgHApC) sample was developed as a potential platform for numerous applications in the pharmaceutical, medical, and food industries. Magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite suspensions in the chitosan matrix were obtained by the coprecipitation technique. The surface shape and morphological features [...] Read more.
A magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite in chitosan matrix (MgHApC) sample was developed as a potential platform for numerous applications in the pharmaceutical, medical, and food industries. Magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite suspensions in the chitosan matrix were obtained by the coprecipitation technique. The surface shape and morphological features were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrodynamic diameter of the suspended particles was determined by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The stability of MgHApC suspensions was evaluated by ultrasonic measurements. The hydrodynamic diameter of the MgHApC particles in suspension was 29.5 nm. The diameter of MgHApC particles calculated from SEM was 12.5 ± 2 nm. Following the SEM observations, it was seen that the MgHApC particles have a spherical shape. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies conducted on MgHApC proved the presence of chitosan and hydroxyapatite in the studied specimens. In vitro antimicrobial assays were performed on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 microbial strains. The antimicrobial experiments showed that MgHApC exhibited very good antimicrobial properties against all the tested microorganisms. More than that, the results of the in vitro studies revealed that the antimicrobial properties of the samples depend on the incubation time. The evaluation of the sample’s cytotoxicity was performed using the human colon cancer (HCT-8) cell line. Our results suggested the great potential of MgHApC to be used in future applications in the field of biomedical applications (e.g., dentistry, orthopedics, etc.). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimicry and Functional Materials 2.0)
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21 pages, 4481 KiB  
Article
Soft Biomimetic Approach for the Development of Calcinosis-Resistant Glutaraldehyde-Fixed Biomaterials for Cardiovascular Surgery
by Alyona I. Zvyagina, Vladislav V. Minaychev, Margarita I. Kobyakova, Yana V. Lomovskaya, Anatoliy S. Senotov, Kira V. Pyatina, Vladimir S. Akatov, Roman S. Fadeev and Irina S. Fadeeva
Biomimetics 2023, 8(4), 357; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8040357 - 10 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1391
Abstract
Pathological aseptic calcification is the most common form of structural valvular degeneration (SVD), leading to premature failure of heart valve bioprostheses (BHVs). The processing methods used to obtain GA-fixed pericardium-based biomaterials determine the hemodynamic characteristics and durability of BHVs. This article presents a [...] Read more.
Pathological aseptic calcification is the most common form of structural valvular degeneration (SVD), leading to premature failure of heart valve bioprostheses (BHVs). The processing methods used to obtain GA-fixed pericardium-based biomaterials determine the hemodynamic characteristics and durability of BHVs. This article presents a comparative study of the effects of several processing methods on the degree of damage to the ECM of GA-fixed pericardium-based biomaterials as well as on their biostability, biocompatibility, and resistance to calcification. Based on the assumption that preservation of the native ECM structure will enable the creation of calcinosis-resistant materials, this study provides a soft biomimetic approach for the manufacture of GA-fixed biomaterials using gentle decellularization and washing methods. It has been shown that the use of soft methods for preimplantation processing of materials, ensuring maximum preservation of the intactness of the pericardial ECM, radically increases the resistance of biomaterials to calcification. These obtained data are of interest for the development of new calcinosis-resistant biomaterials for the manufacture of BHVs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimicry and Functional Materials 2.0)
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14 pages, 4152 KiB  
Article
Time-Dependent Demineralization of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Bones Using Hydrochloric Acid for Extracellular Matrix Extraction
by Michael John Nisperos, Hernando Bacosa, Gladine Lumancas, Fernan Arellano, Jemwel Aron, Lean Baclayon, Zesreal Cain Bantilan, Marionilo Labares, Jr. and Ronald Bual
Biomimetics 2023, 8(2), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8020217 - 23 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2626
Abstract
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a widely cultivated fish in tropical and subtropical regions such as the Philippines, generating substantial waste during processing, including bones that are a valuable source of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the extraction of ECM from fish bones requires [...] Read more.
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a widely cultivated fish in tropical and subtropical regions such as the Philippines, generating substantial waste during processing, including bones that are a valuable source of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the extraction of ECM from fish bones requires an essential step of demineralization. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of tilapia bone demineralization using 0.5 N HCl at different time durations. By evaluating the residual calcium concentration, reaction kinetics, protein content, and extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity through histological analysis, composition assessment, and thermal analysis, the effectiveness of the process was determined. Results revealed that after 1 h of demineralization, the calcium and protein contents were 1.10 ± 0.12% and 88.7 ± 0.58 μg/mL, respectively. The study found that after 6 h, the calcium content was almost completely removed, but the protein content was only 51.7 ± 1.52 μg/mL compared to 109.0 ± 1.0 μg/mL in native bone tissue. Additionally, the demineralization reaction followed second-order kinetics with an R2 value of 0.9964. Histological analysis using H&E staining revealed a gradual disappearance of the basophilic components and the emergence of lacunae, which can be attributed to decellularization and mineral content removal, respectively. As a result, organic components such as collagen remained in the bone samples. ATR-FTIR analysis showed that all demineralized bone samples retained collagen type I markers, including amide I, II, and III, amides A and B, and symmetric and antisymmetric CH2 bands. These findings provide a route for developing an effective demineralization protocol to extract high-quality ECM from fish bones, which could have important nutraceutical and biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimicry and Functional Materials 2.0)
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16 pages, 2393 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study of the Properties of Gelatin (Porcine and Bovine)-Based Edible Films Loaded with Spearmint Essential Oil
by Saurabh Bhatia, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Muhammad Jawad, Yasir Abbas Shah, Mohammed Said Al-Azri, Sana Ullah, Md Khalid Anwer, Mohammed F. Aldawsari, Esra Koca and Levent Yurdaer Aydemir
Biomimetics 2023, 8(2), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8020172 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2050
Abstract
Gelatin (bovine/porcine)-based edible films are considered as an excellent carrier for essential oils (EOs) to preserve food quality and extend their shelf life. Spearmint essential oil (SEO) is known for its potential antioxidant and antimicrobial effects; nevertheless, its food applications are limited due [...] Read more.
Gelatin (bovine/porcine)-based edible films are considered as an excellent carrier for essential oils (EOs) to preserve food quality and extend their shelf life. Spearmint essential oil (SEO) is known for its potential antioxidant and antimicrobial effects; nevertheless, its food applications are limited due to the volatile nature of its active components. Thus, edible films loaded with essential oil can be an alternative to synthetic preservatives to improve their food applications. In the present study, the effect of SEO addition was investigated on the physicochemical properties of bovine and porcine gelatin films, and antioxidant activity was assessed. GCMS (Gas chromatography mass spectrometry) analysis revealed the presence of carvone (55%) and limonene (25.3%) as major components. The incorporation of SEO into the films decreased the opacity, moisture content, water solubility, and elongation at break of bovine and porcine gelatin films. However, with the addition of EO, the thickness and water vapor permeability of bovine and porcine-based gelatin films increased. Moreover, the addition of SEO increased the tensile strength (TS) of the porcine-based film, whereas bovine samples demonstrated a decrease in tensile strength. XRD (X-ray diffraction) findings revealed a decrease in the percentage crystallinity of both types of gelatin films. SEM (scanning electron microscope) results showed the changes in the morphology of films after the addition of SEO. Antioxidant properties significantly (p < 0.05) increased with the incorporation of EO when compared with control films. Therefore, the addition of SEO to gelatin-based edible films could be an effective approach to prepare an active food packaging material to prevent food oxidation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimicry and Functional Materials 2.0)
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Review

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15 pages, 561 KiB  
Review
Advanced Applications of Silk-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering: A Short Review
by Zekiye Akdag, Songul Ulag, Deepak M. Kalaskar, Liviu Duta and Oguzhan Gunduz
Biomimetics 2023, 8(8), 612; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8080612 - 15 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1367
Abstract
Silk has been consistently popular throughout human history due to its enigmatic properties. Today, it continues to be widely utilized as a polymer, having first been introduced to the textile industry. Furthermore, the health sector has also integrated silk. The Bombyx mori silk [...] Read more.
Silk has been consistently popular throughout human history due to its enigmatic properties. Today, it continues to be widely utilized as a polymer, having first been introduced to the textile industry. Furthermore, the health sector has also integrated silk. The Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) holds the record for being the most sustainable, functional, biocompatible, and easily produced type among all available SF sources. SF is a biopolymer approved by the FDA due to its high biocompatibility. It is versatile and can be used in various fields, as it is non-toxic and has no allergenic effects. Additionally, it enhances cell adhesion, adaptation, and proliferation. The use of SF has increased due to the rapid advancement in tissue engineering. This review comprises an introduction to SF and an assessment of the relevant literature using various methods and techniques to enhance the tissue engineering of SF-based hydrogels. Consequently, the function of SF in skin tissue engineering, wound repair, bone tissue engineering, cartilage tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems is therefore analysed. The potential future applications of this functional biopolymer for biomedical engineering are also explored. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimicry and Functional Materials 2.0)
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