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Animals
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Hepatic Disease of Equids
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Hepatic Disease of Equids

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Equids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2022) | Viewed by 7143

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Roberto Nardini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Reference Center for Equine Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
Interests: equine infectious anemia; Theileria equi; Babesia caballi; genetic disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Equine medicine is constantly being updated, as horses, mules and donkeys have an important role in the economy and society. They are employed for competition or recreational purposes, as well as as companions, or, depending on the area of the world, for work or meat production. This Special Issue, the first of a series that will cover all of the equine systems, is dedicated to the liver. The reason for this is the recent emergence of hepatic viral diseases, such as Parvovirus, Equine Hepacivirus, Pegivirus and others, that are not completely studied and understood in terms of their pathogenic role and epidemiology. Nonetheless, the aim of this Special Issue is to publish original research papers or reviews concerning an updated overview of hepatic disease and disorder in equids, considering all of the aspects from clinical diagnosis, laboratory findings and therapy to epidemiology, molecular epidemiology  and pathological or histopathological features. The main purpose of this Special Issue is to provide practitioners with a valid and updated tool to employ during clinical activities.

We invite you to share your recent findings through this Special Issue.

Dr. Roberto Nardini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • equine medicine
  • liver, infectious disease
  • pathology
  • hystopathology
  • parasitology
  • laboratory diagnostic

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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12 pages, 427 KiB  
Review
Hepatic Enzyme Profile in Horses
by Katy Satué, Laura Miguel-Pastor, Deborah Chicharro and Juan Carlos Gardón
Animals 2022, 12(7), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12070861 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4726
Abstract
For diagnostic purposes, liver enzymes are usually classified into hepatocellular and cholestatic. These two groups of equine liver-specific enzymes include sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). SDH and GLDH mostly [...] Read more.
For diagnostic purposes, liver enzymes are usually classified into hepatocellular and cholestatic. These two groups of equine liver-specific enzymes include sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). SDH and GLDH mostly reflect hepatocellular injury and cholestasis, while GGT expresses high values in biliary necrosis or hyperplasia. Likewise, AST, LDH, and ALP also reflect hepatocellular and biliary disease, but these enzymes are not liver specific. From the clinical point of view of the course of liver or biliary disease, AST and ALP are indicative of chronic disease, whereas SDH, GGT, and GLDH indicate an acute course. The patterns of enzymatic changes at the blood level are associated with different types of liver pathologies (infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, toxic, etc.). Increases in hepatocellular versus biliary enzyme activities are indicative of a particular process. There are different ways to diagnose alterations at the hepatic level. These include the evaluation of abnormalities in the predominant pattern of hepatocellular versus cholestatic enzyme abnormalities, the mild, moderate, or marked (5–10-fold or >10-fold) increase in enzyme abnormality concerning the upper limit of the reference range, the evolution over time (increase or decrease) and the course of the abnormality (acute or chronic). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatic Disease of Equids)

Other

Jump to: Review

29 pages, 9275 KiB  
Systematic Review
Equine Hepacivirus: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis of Serological and Biomolecular Prevalence and a Phylogenetic Update
by Giulia Pacchiarotti, Roberto Nardini and Maria Teresa Scicluna
Animals 2022, 12(19), 2486; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192486 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1995
Abstract
Viral hepatitis has recently assumed relevance for equine veterinary medicine since a variety of new viruses have been discovered. Equine Hepacivirus (EqHV) is an RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family that can cause subclinical hepatitis in horses, occasionally evolving into a chronic [...] Read more.
Viral hepatitis has recently assumed relevance for equine veterinary medicine since a variety of new viruses have been discovered. Equine Hepacivirus (EqHV) is an RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family that can cause subclinical hepatitis in horses, occasionally evolving into a chronic disease. EqHV, to date, is considered the closest known relative of human HCV. EqHV has been reported worldwide therefore assessing its features is relevant, considering both the wide use of blood products and transfusions in veterinary therapies and its similitude to HCV. The present review resumes the actual knowledge on EqHV epidemiology, risk factors and immunology, together with potential diagnostics and good practices for prevention. Moreover, adhering to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews a meta-analysis of serological and biomolecular prevalence and an updated phylogenetic description is presented as a benchmark for further studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatic Disease of Equids)
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