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Animals
Special Issues
Animal Viruses in the Pandemic Era
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Animal Viruses in the Pandemic Era

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 10998

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giulia Dowgier

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform Building 3.3, 90 Gower Street, London, UK
Interests: virology; coronaviruses; molecular biology; reverse genetics; host virus interaction
Dr. Rosina Ehmann

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
Interests: coronaviruses; clinical epidemiology; coronavirus biology and ecology; reverse genetics; culture systems for viruses difficult to grow; viral interaction with the host immune system; viral immune evasion strategies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In these unsettling times the world has been dramatically dismantled by the current Sars-CoV-2 pandemic. Viruses have become hot topics, causing an unprecedented political and economic impact.

The incredible versatility and variability of animal viruses developing different strategies to survive and thrive will be the topic of this Special Issue.

We invite authors to submit original research articles, short communications, perspectives, and reviews focusing on viral coping strategies in animal/human populations, including replication mechanisms, host immune response and their translational aspects for intervention strategies to break the disease patterns and transmission cycles of all viruses, with particular emphasis on animal coronaviruses.

We highly encourage manuscripts describing new aspects of the ecology and epidemiology of known and less known animal viruses, as well as defining containment and intervention strategies, including vaccines and antivirals, that may represent brilliant models of infectious disease intervention.

This collection of studies aims to identify those successful and valid strategies that sustain the health of livestock and companion animals in the context of their interaction with humans within the One Health perspective.

Dr. Giulia Dowgier
Dr. Rosina Ehmann
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • animal viruses
  • vaccine
  • intervention strategies
  • antivirals
  • disease prevention
  • virus ecology
  • epidemiology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1941 KiB  
Article
Epidemiology and Cost of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Eradication in Small Ruminants in the United Arab Emirates—Disease Spread and Control Strategies Simulations
by Eihab M. Fathelrahman, Aaron Reeves, Meera S. Mohamed, Yassir M. Eltahir Ali, Adil I. El Awad, Oum-Keltoum Bensalah and Afra A. Abdalla
Animals 2021, 11(9), 2649; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092649 - 09 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3958
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an important infectious viral disease of domestic small ruminants that threatens the food security and sustainable livelihood of farmers across Middle East, Africa, and Asia. The objective of this research is to analyze the disease’s spread and [...] Read more.
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an important infectious viral disease of domestic small ruminants that threatens the food security and sustainable livelihood of farmers across Middle East, Africa, and Asia. The objective of this research is to analyze the disease’s spread and its impacts on direct government costs through conducting three simulations of different control strategies to reduce and quickly eradicate PPR from the United Arab Emirates in the near future. A Modified Animal Disease Spread Model was developed in this study to suit the conditions of the United Arab Emirates. The initial scenario represents when mass vaccination is ceased, and moderate movement restrictions are applied. The second scenario is based on mass vaccination and stamping out the disease, whereas the third simulation scenario assumes mass and ring vaccination when needed, very strict movement control, and stamping out. This study found that the third scenario is the most effective in controlling and eradicating PPR from the UAE. The outbreak duration in days was reduced by 57% and the number of infected animals by 77% when compared to the other scenarios. These results are valuable to the country’s animal health decision-makers and the government’s efforts to report to the World Animal Health Organization (OIE) regarding the progress made towards declaration of the disease’s eradication. They are also useful to other concerned entities in other Middle Eastern, North African, and Asian countries where the disease is spreading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Viruses in the Pandemic Era)
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11 pages, 1264 KiB  
Communication
Enteric Viral Infections among Domesticated South American Camelids: First Detection of Mammalian Orthoreovirus in Camelids
by Dayana Castilla, Victor Escobar, Sergio Ynga, Luis Llanco, Alberto Manchego, César Lázaro, Dennis Navarro, Norma Santos and Miguel Rojas
Animals 2021, 11(5), 1455; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051455 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2885
Abstract
Enteric infections are a major cause of neonatal death in South American camelids (SACs). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enteric viral pathogens among alpacas and llamas in Canchis, Cuzco, located in the southern Peruvian highland. Fecal samples [...] Read more.
Enteric infections are a major cause of neonatal death in South American camelids (SACs). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enteric viral pathogens among alpacas and llamas in Canchis, Cuzco, located in the southern Peruvian highland. Fecal samples were obtained from 80 neonatal alpacas and llamas and tested for coronavirus (CoV), mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV), and rotavirus A (RVA) by RT-PCR. Of the 80 fecal samples analyzed, 76 (95%) were positive for at least one of the viruses tested. Overall, the frequencies of positive samples were 94.1% and 100% among alpacas and llamas, respectively. Of the positive samples, 33 (43.4%) were monoinfected, while 43 (56.6%) had coinfections with two (83.7%) or three (16.3%) viruses. CoV was the most commonly detected virus (87.5%) followed by MRV (50%). RVA was detected only in coinfections. To our knowledge, this is the first description of MRV circulation in SACs or camelids anywhere. These data show that multiple viruses circulate widely among young alpaca and llama crias within the studied areas. These infections can potentially reduce livestock productivity, which translates into serious economic losses for rural communities, directly impacting their livelihoods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Viruses in the Pandemic Era)
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11 pages, 268 KiB  
Perspective
Intranasal Vaccination Strategy to Control the COVID-19 Pandemic from a Veterinary Medicine Perspective
by Salleh Annas and Mohd Zamri-Saad
Animals 2021, 11(7), 1876; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11071876 - 24 Jun 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2984
Abstract
The world is currently facing an ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The disease is a highly contagious respiratory disease which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Current control measures used by many countries include social distancing, wearing face [...] Read more.
The world is currently facing an ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The disease is a highly contagious respiratory disease which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Current control measures used by many countries include social distancing, wearing face masks, frequent hand washing, self-isolation, and vaccination. The current commercially available vaccines are injectable vaccines, although a few intranasal vaccines are in trial stages. The reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines, perceptions towards the safety of the vaccines, and frequent mutation of the virus may lead to poor herd immunity. In veterinary medicine, attaining herd immunity is one of the main considerations in disease control, and herd immunity depends on the use of efficacious vaccines and the vaccination coverage in a population. Hence, many aerosol or intranasal vaccines have been developed to control veterinary respiratory diseases such as Newcastle disease, rinderpest, infectious bronchitis, and haemorrhagic septicaemia. Different vaccine technologies could be employed to improve vaccination coverage, including the usage of an intranasal live recombinant vaccine or live mutant vaccine. This paper discusses the potential use of intranasal vaccination strategies against human COVID-19, based on a veterinary intranasal vaccine strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Viruses in the Pandemic Era)
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