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Effect of Extrinsic Factors (Pre Slaughter Handling) on Production Quality...
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Effect of Extrinsic Factors (Pre Slaughter Handling) on Production Quality (Meat and Dairy Products)

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 22978

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mª Dolores Garrido

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Espinardo, Spain
Interests: meat; meat productos; quality; shelf life; technology process; boar taint
Dr. Maria Belén Linares

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Espinardo, Spain
Interests: meat queality; technological strategies; boartaint; meat products; food technology; sensory analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extrinsic factors that can affect or lead to variations in animal food quality (meat and dairy) depend on human procedures and expectations, and thus they can be modified. Modifiable factors include those involved with handling and production systems, feed and feed supplementation, and all productive factors that occur prior to slaughter. The adequate management of animals is one of the primary objectives of farmers in order to ensure a proper quality of animal production. This area of expertise is vital to understand the variation in animal product quality. Since many innovations in this area have been proposed, the aim of this Special Issue is to publish original research papers or reviews concerning extrinsic factors in both meat and dairy, and the interrelations between the joined aspects of quality and animal welfare.

Prof. Dr. Mª Dolores Garrido
Dr. Maria Belén Linares
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Meat
  • Dairy
  • Quality
  • Pre-slaughter handling
  • Castration
  • Feed
  • Type of stunning
  • Production system

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 276 KiB  
Article
Cardoon Meal as Alternative Protein Source to Soybean Meal for Limousine Bulls Fattening Period: Effects on Growth Performances and Meat Quality Traits
by Lapo Nannucci, Francesco Mariottini, Silvia Parrini, Francesco Sirtori, Riccardo Bozzi, Michele Falce, Chiara Aquilani, Andrea Confessore, Antonello Cannas and Giovanni Brajon
Animals 2021, 11(12), 3383; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123383 - 26 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1515
Abstract
Soybean meal is the most important protein source in beef cattle feeding. The research of alternative protein sources to replace soy use, avoiding negative effects on in vivo performance and on the product’s quality, is an important issue. In this context, cardoon represents [...] Read more.
Soybean meal is the most important protein source in beef cattle feeding. The research of alternative protein sources to replace soy use, avoiding negative effects on in vivo performance and on the product’s quality, is an important issue. In this context, cardoon represents a non-OGM resilient crop that can be cultivated in marginal lands for extracting its seed oil (utilized for biodiesel and biodegradable bioplastic production) and whose and the residual meal from its seed oil (utilized for biodiesel and biodegradable bioplastic production) could be a suitable by-product for animal feeding, due to its fairly high protein content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using cardoon meal as an innovative protein source during the Limousine bulls’ fattening period. Thirty-two bulls were divided into two groups and fed with a diet containing soybean meal (SG) or partially replacing soybean meal with cardoon meal as a protein source (CG), respectively. The feeding trial lasted about 11 months. Growth performances and meat physical–chemical traits were evaluated. No statistical differences in feed efficiency, average daily gain, or in the main meat quality indicators, as well as in fatty acid profiles were found among the groups. Therefore, cardoon meal could be considered as an alternative to soybean meal in fattening Limousine bulls in order to enhance the sustainability of the farming system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Extrinsic Factors (Pre Slaughter Handling) on Production Quality (Meat and Dairy Products))
19 pages, 658 KiB  
Article
Influence of Immunocastration and Diet on Meat and Fat Quality of Heavy Female and Male Pigs
by Leticia Pérez-Ciria, Francisco Javier Miana-Mena, María Carmen López-Mendoza, Javier Álvarez-Rodríguez and Maria Angeles Latorre
Animals 2021, 11(12), 3355; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123355 - 24 Nov 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2053
Abstract
Two experiments were carried out; one with female pigs and the other with male pigs destined for Teruel dry-cured ham production, to evaluate the effect of immunocastration (entire gilts-EG vs. immunocastrated gilts-IG and surgically castrated males vs. immunocastrated males-IM) and diet (control vs. [...] Read more.
Two experiments were carried out; one with female pigs and the other with male pigs destined for Teruel dry-cured ham production, to evaluate the effect of immunocastration (entire gilts-EG vs. immunocastrated gilts-IG and surgically castrated males vs. immunocastrated males-IM) and diet (control vs. high energy vs. low crude protein and amino acids) on meat quality and fat composition. Fifteen meat samples and eight fat samples of each treatment were analyzed in both experiments. In the case of males, six fat samples per treatment were analyzed to determine boar taint. Immunocastration is a good strategy in gilts intended for dry-cured ham production because improves meat composition; however, in males, immunocastration impairs the results of pork chemical composition compared with surgical castration. The IG presented a lower polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio than EG, improving fat technological quality. Diets had little effect on pork or fat quality in gilts, but a high-energy level using oilseeds and a low-crude-protein and -amino-acids diet from 80 to 137 kg of body weight could be interesting in IM to maintain or increase fat consistency, respectively. Moreover, in general, immunocastration is effective in avoiding boar taint in males. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Extrinsic Factors (Pre Slaughter Handling) on Production Quality (Meat and Dairy Products))
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13 pages, 659 KiB  
Article
Use of Mediterranean By-Products to Produce Entire Male Large White Pig: Meat and Fat Quality
by Macarena Egea, Irene Peñaranda, María Dolores Garrido, María Belén Linares, Cristian Jesus Sánchez, Josefa Madrid, Juan Orengo, Fuensanta Hernández, María Arantzazu Aguinaga Casañas, Alberto Baños, Belén Barrero Domínguez, Silvia López Feria and Silvia Martínez Miró
Animals 2021, 11(11), 3128; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113128 - 01 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 9507
Abstract
A total of 70 male growing non-castrated pigs (Large White), with a 23.07 ± 2.87 kg average body weight (BW), were randomly allocated to three treatments in a 103 day trial: a CONTROL diet and two experimental diets, ALLIUM (5 g/kg of Allium [...] Read more.
A total of 70 male growing non-castrated pigs (Large White), with a 23.07 ± 2.87 kg average body weight (BW), were randomly allocated to three treatments in a 103 day trial: a CONTROL diet and two experimental diets, ALLIUM (5 g/kg of Allium spp. extract) and OLIVE (100 g/kg of olive pulp). Animals were slaughtered at 115 kg live body weight. Meat and fat quality were analyzed. Animals fed ALLIUM and OLIVE had higher water holding capacity (WHC) than those fed the control diet. No significant differences were observed between groups for cooking loss, drip losses and color CIELab. No antioxidant effect was observed on an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) test. Animals fed OLIVE presented a more unsaturated fatty acid profile than CONTROL and ALLIUM. Meat from ALLIUM group and OLIVE showed her values of brightness and meat odor than CONTROL. Mean scores of sensory analyses (color, odor, flavor and juiciness) of cooked samples were similar for the three treatments, with the meat samples from the ALLIUM and OLIVE treatments being less hard. Consumers did not reflect a preference for any of the treatments. Both by-products could be used for pork production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Extrinsic Factors (Pre Slaughter Handling) on Production Quality (Meat and Dairy Products))
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14 pages, 1371 KiB  
Article
Feeding, Muscle and Packaging Effects on Lipid Oxidation and Color of Avileña Negra-Ibérica Beef
by Marta Barahona, Maria del Mar Campo, Mohammed Amine Hachemi, Maria del Mar González and José Luis Olleta
Animals 2021, 11(10), 2863; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102863 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1332
Abstract
In order to increase the economic profitability of Avileña-Negra Ibérica beef production, the inclusion of corn silage in total mixed rations was proposed during the fattening period. Twenty-four Avileña-Negra Ibérica breed entire young bulls were used to evaluate the effects of two feeding [...] Read more.
In order to increase the economic profitability of Avileña-Negra Ibérica beef production, the inclusion of corn silage in total mixed rations was proposed during the fattening period. Twenty-four Avileña-Negra Ibérica breed entire young bulls were used to evaluate the effects of two feeding systems—concentrate (CON) and corn silage (SIL)—and two packaging systems—vacuum (VAC) and modified atmosphere (MAP)—on the lipid oxidation, color evolution and visual color acceptability of meat throughout display with either oxygen-permeable film (FILM) or modified atmosphere (MAP). Two muscles were assessed: Longissimus thoracis (LT) and Semitendinosus (ST). Meat from SIL-fed animals had higher TBA values than CON-fed animals after 7 days in MAP packaging. Lipid oxidation was prevented more effectively by VAC packaging than MAP. Display time highly influenced lipid oxidation, since oxidation rates were lower with VAC than MAP packaging. After 14 days of display in MAP, the LT from CON was lighter than the ST. Meat discoloration after 7 days of display was significantly different between packaging systems. Vacuum-packaged meat kept the same color throughout the storage time. Visual color acceptability for the LT was higher throughout display than for the ST. Samples from the MAP were well accepted by consumers, especially the meat from the SIL group. Alternatively, feeding with corn silage could be used for this type of animals without affecting important aspects of meat quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Extrinsic Factors (Pre Slaughter Handling) on Production Quality (Meat and Dairy Products))
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20 pages, 2422 KiB  
Article
High-Condensed Tannin Diet and Transportation Stress in Goats: Effects on Physiological Responses, Gut Microbial Counts and Meat Quality
by Phaneendra Batchu, Toni Hazard, Jung H. Lee, Thomas H. Terrill, Brou Kouakou and Govind Kannan
Animals 2021, 11(10), 2857; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102857 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2306
Abstract
Feeding condensed tannin (CT)-containing diets such as sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) and reducing stress have been reported to improve meat quality and food safety in goats. In a completely randomized design with split-plot, thirty-six uncastrated male Spanish goats were assigned to [...] Read more.
Feeding condensed tannin (CT)-containing diets such as sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) and reducing stress have been reported to improve meat quality and food safety in goats. In a completely randomized design with split-plot, thirty-six uncastrated male Spanish goats were assigned to 3 dietary treatments (n = 12/treatment): ground ‘Serala’ sericea lespedeza hay (SER), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay (BG), or bermudagrass hay—dewormed goats (BG-DW; Control) at 75% of intake, with a corn-based supplementation (25%) for 8 weeks. Prior to slaughter, goats were either transported for 90 min to impose stress or held in pens. Basophil counts were lower (p < 0.01) in the SER group compared to BG or BG-DW groups suggesting a better anti-inflammatory capacity due to polyphenols in the SER diet. Compared to BG-DW group, cortisol level was higher (p < 0.05) and norepinephrine was lower (p < 0.05) in the SER group. The SER group had the lowest aerobic plate counts (APC) in both rumen and rectum (p < 0.01). Longissimus dorsi muscle initial pH was not affected by diet or stress. Feeding sericea hay to goats may have beneficial effects, such as enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties during stress and reduced gut microbial counts, without changing meat quality characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Extrinsic Factors (Pre Slaughter Handling) on Production Quality (Meat and Dairy Products))
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12 pages, 480 KiB  
Article
Free-Range Feeding Alters Fatty Acid Composition at the sn-2 Position of Triglycerides and Subcutaneous Fat Physicochemical Properties in Heavy Pigs
by José Segura, Ana Isabel Rey, Álvaro Olivares, María Isabel Cambero, Rosa Escudero, María Dolores Romero de Ávila, Antonio Palomo and Clemente López-Bote
Animals 2021, 11(10), 2802; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102802 - 26 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1668
Abstract
The nutritional value of fat consumption depends on both the fatty acid composition and the positional distribution of fatty acids within the triglyceride molecule. This research studies the effect of feeding with three different diets (4% lard-enriched; 11.5% high-oleic sunflower-enriched; and extensive feeding [...] Read more.
The nutritional value of fat consumption depends on both the fatty acid composition and the positional distribution of fatty acids within the triglyceride molecule. This research studies the effect of feeding with three different diets (4% lard-enriched; 11.5% high-oleic sunflower-enriched; and extensive feeding mainly with acorns) on the composition of fatty acids in the sn-2 position (and sn-1,3) of triglycerides and the textural properties of subcutaneous fat in heavy Iberian pigs (n = 210 castrated males). A moderate dietary enrichment with oleic acid in mixed diets did not alter the regulation of the sn-2 position of triglyceride (69.9% and 13.9% of palmitic and oleic acids, respectively), but the extremely high intake of oleic acid in pigs fed mainly on acorns changed the proportions of palmitic and oleic acids at the sn-2 position in the subcutaneous fat of pigs (55.0% and 27.2%, respectively). Hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness showed the least values in EXT pigs, and the greatest values in LARD-fed barrows. SUN cohesiveness and gumminess did not differ from those fed LARD. In addition, Iberian pigs raised in free-range conditions had a more favorable nutritional lipid profile for human health compared to pigs fed conventional diets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Extrinsic Factors (Pre Slaughter Handling) on Production Quality (Meat and Dairy Products))
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13 pages, 297 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary Rosemary Extract Supplementation on Pork Quality of Chato Murciano Breed during Storage
by Irene Peñaranda, Sonia Mariella Auqui, Macarena Egea, María Belén Linares and María Dolores Garrido
Animals 2021, 11(8), 2295; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082295 - 04 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2781
Abstract
(1) Background: The effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. dietary supplementation on the pork meat quality of the Chato Murciano breed of pigs was evaluated during 21 days of storage. (2) Methods: Twenty-one castrated male pigs were divided into two groups. One group was [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. dietary supplementation on the pork meat quality of the Chato Murciano breed of pigs was evaluated during 21 days of storage. (2) Methods: Twenty-one castrated male pigs were divided into two groups. One group was fed a control diet (group C), and the other group consumed the same diet plus a 1000 ppm supplement of deodorized rosemary extract (group R). (3) Results: While the inclusion of rosemary extract in the pig diet did not produce notable changes in the technological parameters analysed in the meat, the lower microbiological count obtained in meat pointed to the antimicrobial effect of the extract. The storage time had a significant effect on all the parameters studied in both groups (C and R). Thus, lipid oxidation increased and the colour of the meat deteriorated, at the same time as the microbial counts and the deterioration of the sensory attributes increased. (4) Conclusions: Therefore, a certain antimicrobial effect of rosemary was observed in the meat of Chato Murciano. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Extrinsic Factors (Pre Slaughter Handling) on Production Quality (Meat and Dairy Products))
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