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Rheumato, Volume 2, Issue 3 (September 2022) – 4 articles

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13 pages, 924 KiB  
Review
Immunopathology of Behcet’s Disease: An Overview of the Metagenomic Approaches
by Jun Shimizu, Masanori A. Murayama, Yoshishige Miyabe and Noboru Suzuki
Rheumato 2022, 2(3), 74-86; https://doi.org/10.3390/rheumato2030010 - 02 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2183
Abstract
The impact of the microbiota residing in the body on local and systemic immune responses has been increasingly recognized. The major gut microbe metabolites’ short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are suggested to regulate the balance between regulatory (Treg) cells and helper T 17 (Th17) [...] Read more.
The impact of the microbiota residing in the body on local and systemic immune responses has been increasingly recognized. The major gut microbe metabolites’ short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are suggested to regulate the balance between regulatory (Treg) cells and helper T 17 (Th17) cells in physiological and pathological conditions by enhancing regulatory T (Treg) cell function through epigenetic modifications. Patients with Behcet’s disease (BD) exhibited enhanced Th17 cell-mediated immune responses and decreased intestinal relative abundances of SCFA-producing bacteria. Causal correlations between aberrant immune responses and gut microbial composition in patients with BD have been reported in Italy, the Netherlands, Turkey, China, and Japan. We reported that the gut and oral microbiota profiles of patients with BD shared some common features. Immune responses against both commensal and pathogenic microbes may play a crucial role in BD development. This review summarizes the current literature, which was retrieved from public databases, such as PubMed and MEDLINE using search terms, including Behcet’s disease, helper T cells, and microbiota, during 1970–2022, on the potential functional correlation between immune cells and microbiota in patients with BD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers to Celebrate the Inaugural Issue of Rheumato)
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5 pages, 750 KiB  
Case Report
A Case of Rheumatoid Meningitis
by Takafumi Tomizuka, Hirotoshi Kikuchi, Kurumi Asako and Hajime Kono
Rheumato 2022, 2(3), 69-73; https://doi.org/10.3390/rheumato2030009 - 03 Aug 2022
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Abstract
Rheumatoid meningitis, a very rare complication, is not well-recognised, and there are few reports describing its treatment. We report the case of a 74-year-old Japanese woman who was diagnosed with rheumatoid meningitis by characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was successfully treated [...] Read more.
Rheumatoid meningitis, a very rare complication, is not well-recognised, and there are few reports describing its treatment. We report the case of a 74-year-old Japanese woman who was diagnosed with rheumatoid meningitis by characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was successfully treated with glucocorticoids. We observed fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted imaging hyperintensity, which had a meningeal gadolinium-enhancing characteristic of rheumatoid meningitis. We suggest that it is possible to diagnose this disease based on characteristic MRI findings and treat patients early using glucocorticoids. Full article
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14 pages, 1697 KiB  
Review
Passive Microwave Radiometry as a Component of Imaging Diagnostics in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
by Alexander V. Tarakanov, Elena S. Ladanova, Alexander A. Lebedenko, Tatyana D. Tarakanova, Sergey G. Vesnin, Tatyana Kharybina and Igor I. Goryanin
Rheumato 2022, 2(3), 55-68; https://doi.org/10.3390/rheumato2030008 - 04 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1727
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a disease with unknown causes in all forms of arthritis in children under 16 years of age. It is diagnosed when other joint pathologies are excluded. Difficulties in early and differential diagnoses lead to rapid disability and an [...] Read more.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a disease with unknown causes in all forms of arthritis in children under 16 years of age. It is diagnosed when other joint pathologies are excluded. Difficulties in early and differential diagnoses lead to rapid disability and an unfavorable life prognosis. Therefore, a timely diagnosis is necessary to prevent irreversible damage to joints and preserve their function. Due to the widespread use of new technologies, modern multimodal imaging has gained recognition, including radiography, ultrasound, and MRI. The combination of methods plays a key role in confirming the diagnosis, monitoring the disease activity, the prognosis during the disease course, and the outcome in children with JIA. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. The introduction of passive microwave radiometry (MWR), in combination with other imaging methods, makes it possible to expand the possibilities of screening the disease in the preclinical and early clinical phases. Full article
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3 pages, 183 KiB  
Editorial
The Lumping/Splitting Conversation Related to Fibromyalgia in Rheumatology: Does It Matter?
by Bruce M. Rothschild
Rheumato 2022, 2(3), 52-54; https://doi.org/10.3390/rheumato2030007 - 28 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1162
Abstract
Diagnoses for which there are no pathognomonic laboratory tests are highly dependent on the opinions we call clinical judgement [...] Full article
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