Particles

16 pages, 368 KiB

Open AccessArticle

N = 4

Super-Yang–Mills Effective Action in Terms of Dressed

N = 1

Superfields

by Igor Kondrashuk and Ivan Schmidt

Particles 2023, 6(4), 993-1008; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6040063 - 08 Nov 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1685

Abstract

We argue in favor of the independence on any scale, ultraviolet or infrared, in kernels of the effective action expressed in terms of dressed

N = 1

superfields for the case of

N = 4

super-Yang–Mills theory. Under “scale independence” of the effective [...] Read more.

We argue in favor of the independence on any scale, ultraviolet or infrared, in kernels of the effective action expressed in terms of dressed

N = 1

superfields for the case of

N = 4

super-Yang–Mills theory. Under “scale independence” of the effective action of dressed mean superfields, we mean its “finiteness in the off-shell limit of removing all the regularizations”. This off-shell limit is scale independent because no scale remains inside these kernels after removing the regularizations. We use two types of regularization: regularization by dimensional reduction and regularization by higher derivatives in its supersymmetric form. Based on the Slavnov–Taylor identity, we show that dressed fields of matter and of vector multiplets can be introduced to express the effective action in terms of them. Kernels of the effective action expressed in terms of such dressed effective fields do not depend on the ultraviolet scale. In the case of dimensional reduction, by using the developed technique, we show how the problem of inconsistency of the dimensional reduction can be solved. Using Piguet and Sibold formalism, we indicate that the dependence on the infrared scale disappears off shell in both the regularizations. Full article

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18 pages, 385 KiB

Open AccessReview

Neutrino Masses in Supersymmetric Models with R-Symmetry

by Marcos Cardoso Rodriguez and Ion Vasile Vancea

Particles 2023, 6(4), 975-992; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6040062 - 08 Nov 2023

Viewed by 989

Abstract

In this article, we give a brief review of the origin of the neutrino mass in some interesting non-linear supersymmetric models with R-symmetry. These models are able to address and solve the most important problems of particle physics and provide mechanisms for [...] Read more.

In this article, we give a brief review of the origin of the neutrino mass in some interesting non-linear supersymmetric models with R-symmetry. These models are able to address and solve the most important problems of particle physics and provide mechanisms for neutrino mass generation and their mixing parameters in agreement with the current experimental data. Their prediction could be experimentally tested in the near future by collider experiments. Full article

32 pages, 438 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Off-Shell Duality Invariance of Schwarzschild Perturbation Theory

by Adam R. Solomon

Particles 2023, 6(4), 943-974; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6040061 - 07 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1042

Abstract

We explore the duality invariance of the Maxwell and linearized Einstein–Hilbert actions on a non-rotating black hole background. On-shell, these symmetries are electric–magnetic duality and Chandrasekhar duality, respectively. Off-shell, they lead to conserved quantities; we demonstrate that one of the consequences of these [...] Read more.

We explore the duality invariance of the Maxwell and linearized Einstein–Hilbert actions on a non-rotating black hole background. On-shell, these symmetries are electric–magnetic duality and Chandrasekhar duality, respectively. Off-shell, they lead to conserved quantities; we demonstrate that one of the consequences of these conservation laws is that even- and odd-parity metric perturbations have equal Love numbers. Along the way, we derive an action principle for the Fackerell–Ipser equation and Teukolsky–Starobinsky identities in electromagnetism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from “Testing Gravity 2023”)

20 pages, 3853 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Order, Chaos and Born’s Distribution of Bohmian Particles

by Athanasios C. Tzemos and George Contopoulos

Particles 2023, 6(4), 923-942; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6040060 - 01 Nov 2023

Viewed by 911

Abstract

We study order, chaos and ergodicity in the Bohmian trajectories of a 2D quantum harmonic oscillator. We first present all the possible types (chaotic, ordered) of Bohmian trajectories in wavefunctions made of superpositions of two and three energy eigenstates of the oscillator. There [...] Read more.

We study order, chaos and ergodicity in the Bohmian trajectories of a 2D quantum harmonic oscillator. We first present all the possible types (chaotic, ordered) of Bohmian trajectories in wavefunctions made of superpositions of two and three energy eigenstates of the oscillator. There is no chaos in the case of two terms and in some cases of three terms. Then, we show the different geometries of nodal points in bipartite Bohmian systems of entangled qubits. Finally, we study multinodal wavefunctions and find that a large number of nodal points does not always imply the dominance of chaos. We show that, in some cases, the Born distribution is dominated by ordered trajectories, something that has a significant impact on the accessibility of Born’s rule

P = {| Ψ |}^{2}

by initial distributions of Bohmian particles with

P_{0} \neq {| Ψ_{0} |}^{2}

. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Particles 2023)

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10 pages, 296 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Poincaré–Chetaev Equations in Dirac’s Formalism of Constrained Systems

by Alexei A. Deriglazov

Particles 2023, 6(4), 913-922; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6040059 - 13 Oct 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 772

Abstract

We single out a class of Lagrangians on a group manifold, for which one can introduce non-canonical coordinates in the phase space, which simplify the construction of the Poisson structure without explicitly calculating the Dirac bracket. In the case of the [...] Read more.

We single out a class of Lagrangians on a group manifold, for which one can introduce non-canonical coordinates in the phase space, which simplify the construction of the Poisson structure without explicitly calculating the Dirac bracket. In the case of the

S O (3)

manifold, the application of this formalism leads to the Poincaré–Chetaev equations. The general solution to these equations is written in terms of an exponential of the Hamiltonian vector field. Full article

15 pages, 6279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of a Combined Horizontal and Vertical Correcting Magnet for Siam Photon Source II

by Supachai Prawanta, Prapaiwan Sunwong, Pariwat Singthong, Thongchai Leetha, Pajeeraphorn Numanoy, Warissara Tangyotkhajorn, Apichai Kwankasem, Visitchai Sooksrimuang, Sukho Kongtawong and Supat Klinkiew

Particles 2023, 6(4), 898-912; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6040058 - 13 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1047

Abstract

A prototype of a combined horizontal and vertical correcting magnet was designed and fabricated for the 3 GeV storage ring of Siam Photon Source II, which will be the second synchrotron light source in Thailand. The magnet will be employed for fast-orbit feedback [...] Read more.

A prototype of a combined horizontal and vertical correcting magnet was designed and fabricated for the 3 GeV storage ring of Siam Photon Source II, which will be the second synchrotron light source in Thailand. The magnet will be employed for fast-orbit feedback correction, with a required magnetic field integral of approximately 8 Tesla.mm. The magnet pole and yoke were manufactured using laminated silicon steel to minimize hysteresis and eddy current losses during operation. Magnet modeling and magnetic field calculations were performed using Opera-3D. The size of the gap between the magnet poles is limited by the size of the vacuum chamber over which the magnet will be installed; in this case, it was designed to be 65 mm. Mechanical analysis of the structure of the magnet was performed using SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS. Magnetic field measurements were obtained using the Hall probe technique. The entire prototype, from its design to manufacturing and measurement, was completed in-house. This design will be appropriate for application at the Siam Photon Source II storage ring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generation and Application of High-Power Radiation Sources)

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12 pages, 1124 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of a Wake-Field on the Dissociation of Quarkonium in Collisional Quark–Gluon Plasma

by Yernur Kuanyshbaiuly, Ardak Junissov and Mukhit Muratov

Particles 2023, 6(4), 886-897; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6040057 - 12 Oct 2023

Viewed by 812

Abstract

We have studied wake effects on the dissociation of heavy quarkonia states J/ψ and Y by introducing an in-medium modification to the inter-quark potential. The wakes in the quark–gluon plasma were modeled using linear response theory using a dynamic dielectric function obtained from [...] Read more.

We have studied wake effects on the dissociation of heavy quarkonia states J/ψ and Y by introducing an in-medium modification to the inter-quark potential. The wakes in the quark–gluon plasma were modeled using linear response theory using a dynamic dielectric function obtained from kinetic theory (Boltzmann equation) with a Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) collision term. The in-medium modified potential was used to investigate the dissociation character depending on various parameters such as the velocity of quarkonium moving through the medium and the collision frequency. We have also calculated critical values of the dissociation temperature. Modifications of the dissociation energy due to wake-field effects were found. Full article

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10 pages, 833 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diquarks and Λ⁰/π⁺, Ξ⁻/π⁺ Ratios in the Framework of the EPNJL Model

by Alexandra Friesen and Yuriy Kalinovsky

Particles 2023, 6(4), 876-885; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles6040056 - 10 Oct 2023

Viewed by 838

Abstract

The applicability of the effective models to the description of baryons and the behaviour of ratios of strange baryons to pions is discussed. In the framework of the EPNJL model, the Bethe–Salpeter equation is used to find masses of baryons, which are considered [...] Read more.

The applicability of the effective models to the description of baryons and the behaviour of ratios of strange baryons to pions is discussed. In the framework of the EPNJL model, the Bethe–Salpeter equation is used to find masses of baryons, which are considered to be in a diquark-quark state. Baryon melting is discussed at a finite chemical potential, and a flavor dependence of the hadronic deconfinement temperature is pointed out. It is shown that the description of the diquark-quark state at finite chemical potential is limited due to the occurrence of Bose condensate. This effect is strongly manifested in the description of light diquarks and baryons. Both the

Λ^{0} / π^{+}

and

Ξ^{-} / π^{+}

ratios show a sharp behaviour as functions of the

T / μ_{B}

variable, where T and

μ_{B}

are calculated along the melting lines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infinite and Finite Nuclear Matter (INFINUM))

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Particles, Volume 6, Issue 4 (December 2023) – 8 articles

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