Improved Coil Design for Magnetic Pulse Welding of Metallic Sheets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Set-Up
3. Theoretical Investigations
4. Results
4.1. Computed Results from the EM Model
4.2. Computed Results from Mechanical Analysis
4.3. Weld Characteristics
5. Conclusions
- Good welds between AA5182 flyer sheets and steel target sheets were produced for a range of standoff distances (1.2 and 2.4 mm) and applied energies (10, 13, and 16 kJ) using an O-shaped flat coil.
- The computed results have shown that an O-shaped flat coil can produce a significantly larger EM field and pressure concentration than rectangular-, H/I-, and E-shaped flat coils. For example, the maximum EM pressure with an O-shaped coil was found to be around 3.5 times higher in comparison to that obtained using a flat rectangular coil for similar process conditions
- The EM field and pressure were also more regular for the O-shaped coil than for the other coils. The EM field and pressure concentrated radially inward as the cross-sectional area of the O-shaped coil decreased.
- The welded interface produced with the O-shaped coil showed a nearly annular elliptical geometry due to the inward EM pressure concentration. Both the standoff distance and the discharge energy directly influenced the final joint cross-sectional area.
- For similar process conditions, the O-shaped coil could produce an almost 3 times stronger joint between aluminium and steel sheets, compared to the joint obtained using a rectangular-shaped coil.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Parameter | Specification | Unit | AA5182 | DC04 Steel |
---|---|---|---|---|
µ | Relative permeability | - | 1.0 | B-H curve [32] |
σ | Electrical conductivity | S/m | 16.3 × 106 | 7.54 × 106 |
ρ, cp | Density, specific heat | kg/m3, J/kg/K | 2650, 902 | 7870, 470 |
E, G | Elastic modulus, shear modulus | GPa, GPa | 69.6, 26 | 180, 69.2 |
Tm | Melting temperature | K | 873 | 1788 |
Johnson–Cook material strength parameters | ||||
A, B | Initial flow stress, hardening constant | MPa, MPa | 109, 552 | 162, 598 |
C, n | Strain rate sensitivity, hardening exponent | - | 0.0012, 0.4 | 2.623, 0.6 |
m | Thermal softening coefficient | - | 3.19 | 0.009 |
Appendix B
Appendix C
Parameter | Specification | Unit | Values |
---|---|---|---|
U | Applied energy | kJ | 10, 13, 16 |
ef, et | Flyer, target sheet thickness | mm | 1.2, 0.8 |
s | Standoff distance | mm | 1.2, 2.4 |
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Flyer | Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Cr | Zn | Ti | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AA5182 | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.15 | 0.50 | 4.0–5.0 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.10 | balance |
Target | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Al | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DC04 | 0.08 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.020 | balance |
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Shotri, R.; Faes, K.; Racineux, G.; De, A. Improved Coil Design for Magnetic Pulse Welding of Metallic Sheets. J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2022, 6, 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6060144
Shotri R, Faes K, Racineux G, De A. Improved Coil Design for Magnetic Pulse Welding of Metallic Sheets. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing. 2022; 6(6):144. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6060144
Chicago/Turabian StyleShotri, Rishabh, Koen Faes, Guillaume Racineux, and Amitava De. 2022. "Improved Coil Design for Magnetic Pulse Welding of Metallic Sheets" Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 6: 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6060144