Is Greater Social Support from Parents and Friends Related to Higher Physical Activity Levels among Adolescents?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Gender, Age, Body Mass Index, Biological Maturation, Education, Socioeconomic Status
2.2. Social Support from Parents or Guardians and Friends
2.3. Adolescents’ Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Male (n = 875; 44.1%) | Female (n = 1109; 55.9%) | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | p * | n | % | ||
Age | 15 years | 261 | 41.8 | 363 | 58.2 | 0.124 | 624 | 31.5 |
16 years | 317 | 44.3 | 399 | 55.7 | 716 | 36.1 | ||
17 years | 297 | 46.1 | 347 | 53.9 | 644 | 32.4 | ||
BMI ¥ | No excess weight | 744 | 85.0 | 996 | 89.8 | 0.001 | 1740 | 87.7 |
Excess weight | 131 | 15.0 | 113 | 10.2 | 244 | 12.3 | ||
Father’s Education | Up to Elementary School | 238 | 38.1 | 387 | 61.9 | 0.003 | 625 | 31.5 |
High School | 405 | 47.2 | 453 | 52.8 | 858 | 43.2 | ||
University | 232 | 46.3 | 269 | 53.7 | 501 | 25.3 | ||
Mother’s Education | Up to Elementary School | 245 | 39.0 | 384 | 61.0 | 0.006 | 629 | 31.7 |
High School | 398 | 46.3 | 461 | 53.7 | 859 | 43.3 | ||
University | 232 | 46.8 | 264 | 53.2 | 496 | 25.0 | ||
SES | Low | 140 | 40.0 | 210 | 60.0 | 0.005 | 350 | 17.6 |
Intermediate | 538 | 43.4 | 702 | 56.6 | 1240 | 62.5 | ||
High | 197 | 50.0 | 197 | 50.0 | 394 | 19.9 |
Social Support | Male (n = 875; 44.1%) | Female (n = 1109; 55.9%) | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | p * | n | % | % | ||
Parents: To Encourage | Never | 170 | 19.4 | 240 | 21.6 | 0.285 | 410 | 20.7 | 100 |
Sometimes | 473 | 54.1 | 604 | 54.3 | 1077 | 54.3 | |||
Always | 232 | 26.5 | 265 | 23.9 | 497 | 25.0 | |||
Parents: To Practice | Never | 322 | 36.8 | 455 | 41.0 | 0.086 | 777 | 39.2 | 100 |
Sometimes | 434 | 49.6 | 530 | 47.8 | 964 | 48.6 | |||
Always | 119 | 13.6 | 124 | 11.2 | 243 | 12.2 | |||
Parents: To Transport | Never | 425 | 48.6 | 541 | 48.8 | 0.443 | 966 | 48.7 | 100 |
Sometimes | 262 | 29.9 | 353 | 31.8 | 615 | 31.0 | |||
Always | 188 | 21.5 | 215 | 19.4 | 403 | 20.3 | |||
Parents: To Attend | Never | 370 | 42.3 | 500 | 45.1 | 0.382 | 870 | 43.9 | 100 |
Sometimes | 365 | 41.7 | 450 | 40.6 | 815 | 41.1 | |||
Always | 140 | 07.1 | 159 | 08.0 | 299 | 15.0 | |||
Parents: To Comment | Never | 324 | 37.0 | 449 | 40.5 | 0.059 | 773 | 39.0 | 100 |
Sometimes | 341 | 39.0 | 375 | 33.8 | 716 | 36.1 | |||
Always | 210 | 24.0 | 285 | 25.7 | 495 | 24.9 | |||
Friends: To Encourage | Never | 324 | 37.0 | 445 | 40.1 | 0.370 | 769 | 38.8 | 100 |
Sometimes | 355 | 40.6 | 426 | 38.4 | 781 | 39.4 | |||
Always | 196 | 22.4 | 238 | 21.5 | 434 | 21.8 | |||
Friends: To Practice | Never | 229 | 26.2 | 348 | 31.4 | 0.019 * | 577 | 29.1 | 100 |
Sometimes | 370 | 42.3 | 460 | 41.5 | 830 | 41.8 | |||
Always | 276 | 31.5 | 301 | 7.1 | 577 | 29.1 | |||
Friends: To Invite | Never | 243 | 27.8 | 376 | 33.9 | 0.014 * | 619 | 31.2 | 100 |
Sometimes | 381 | 43.5 | 440 | 39.7 | 821 | 41.4 | |||
Always | 251 | 28.7 | 293 | 26.4 | 544 | 27.4 | |||
Friends: To Attend | Never | 421 | 48.1 | 520 | 46.9 | 0.748 | 941 | 47.4 | 100 |
Sometimes | 309 | 35.3 | 410 | 37.0 | 719 | 36.2 | |||
Always | 145 | 16.6 | 179 | 16.1 | 324 | 16.4 | |||
Friends: To Comment | Never | 425 | 48.6 | 566 | 51.0 | 991 | 49.9 | 100 | |
Sometimes | 308 | 35.2 | 363 | 32.7 | 671 | 33.9 | |||
Always | 142 | 16.2 | 180 | 16.2 | 322 | 16.2 |
Physical Activity Duration | Social Support | Direct Effect | p |
---|---|---|---|
180 min/week | Parents | 0.1467 | <0.001 |
Gender | 0.022 | 0.080 | |
300 min/week | Parents | 0.478 | <0.001 |
Gender | 0.014 | 0.140 | |
420 min/week | Parents | 0.455 | <0.001 |
Gender | 0.026 | <0.001 | |
180 min/week | Friends | 0.238 | <0.001 |
Gender | 0.028 | <0.001 | |
300 min/week | Friends | 0.236 | <0.001 |
Gender | 0.021 | <0.001 | |
420 min/week | Friends | 0.212 | <0.001 |
Gender | 0.032 | 0.020 |
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de Camargo, E.M.; da Costa, C.G.; Piola, T.S.; Bacil, E.D.A.; López-Gil, J.F.; de Campos, W. Is Greater Social Support from Parents and Friends Related to Higher Physical Activity Levels among Adolescents? Children 2023, 10, 701. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040701
de Camargo EM, da Costa CG, Piola TS, Bacil EDA, López-Gil JF, de Campos W. Is Greater Social Support from Parents and Friends Related to Higher Physical Activity Levels among Adolescents? Children. 2023; 10(4):701. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040701
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Camargo, Edina Maria, Cristiane Galvão da Costa, Thiago Silva Piola, Eliane Denise Araújo Bacil, José Francisco López-Gil, and Wagner de Campos. 2023. "Is Greater Social Support from Parents and Friends Related to Higher Physical Activity Levels among Adolescents?" Children 10, no. 4: 701. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040701