Robust Preanalytical Performance of Soluble PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 Assessed by Sensitive ELISAs in Blood
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Standardization and Quality Control
2.2. Short-Term Stability
2.3. Freeze Effects
2.4. Refreeze Effects
2.5. Sample Preparation before Measurement
2.6. Ethics and Informed Consent
2.7. Statistics and Data Interpretation
3. Results
3.1. Short-Term Stability
3.2. Freeze Effects
3.3. Refreeze Effects
3.4. Sample Preparation before Measurement
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Assay | Condition | Time | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 h | 6 h | 24 h | 48 h | 7 days | ||
PD-1 | BC 4 °C | 100% (9%) | 102% (12%) | 97% (11%) | 93% (17%) | 114% (10%) |
BC 25 °C | 104% (11%) | 100% (10%) | 97% (7%) | 95% (15%) | 84% (34%) | |
BC 37 °C | 97% (9%) | 87% (12%) | 97% (17%) | 83% (26%) | - | |
AC 4 °C | 90% (7%) | 102 (23%) | 96% (7%) | - | - | |
AC 25 °C | 97% (14%) | 99% (10%) | 96% (12%) | - | - | |
PD-L1 | BC 4 °C | 109% (27%) | 107 (28%) | 100% (32%) | 110% (19%) | 119% (17%) |
BC 25 °C | 107% (17%) | 104% (16%) | 92% (22%) | 103% (18%) | 109% (13%) | |
BC 37 °C | 101% (28%) | 90% (25%) | 117% (16%) | 103% (18%) | - | |
AC 4 °C | 89% (17%) | 92% (31%) | 89% (26%) | - | - | |
AC 25 °C | 88% (25%) | 78% (29%) | 93% (28%) | - | - | |
PD-L2 | BC 4 °C | 100% (8%) | 104% (9%) | 103 (14%) | 97% (28%) | 120% (16%) |
BC 25 °C | 102% (6%) | 104% (16%) | 109% (14%) | 106% (17%) | 97% (35%) | |
BC 37 °C | 97% (16%) | 97% (21%) | 124% (15%) | 104% (27%) | - | |
AC 4 °C | 96% (14%) | 94% (19%) | 96% (9%) | - | - | |
AC 25 °C | 97% (14%) | 97% (19%) | 95% (17%) | - | - |
PD-1 | PD-L1 | PD-L2 | |
---|---|---|---|
Material | Serum, Heparin, EDTA, Citrate | Serum, Heparin, EDTA | Serum, Heparin, EDTA, Citrate |
Time whole blood | |||
4 °C | Up to 7 d | Up to 7 d | Up to 7 d |
25 °C | Up to 7 d, 3 h | Up to 7 d, 3 h | Up to 7 d, 3 h |
37 °C | Up to 7 d | Up to 24 h | Up to 6 h |
Centrifugation | 1500,3000,6000 rcf | 1500,3000,6000 rcf | 1500,3000,6000 rcf |
Time after plasma | |||
4 °C | Up to 24 h, 3 h | Up to 24 h, 3 h | Up to 24 h, 3 h |
25 °C | Up to 24 h, 1 h | Up to 3 h, 1 h | Up to 24 h, 1 h |
Storage tubes | Cryotube | Sample tube, cryotube | Cryotube |
Plate application | Mixing (pipette or vortexer), centrifugation | Mixing (pipette or vortexer), centrifugation | Mixing (pipette), centrifugation |
Freezing process | |||
Serum | Stable, −80 °C | Stable, −80 °C | Stable, −80 °C |
Heparin plasma | Stable, −80 °C | Stable, −80 °C | Stable, −80 °C |
EDTA plasma | Stable, −80 °C | Stable, −80 °C | Stable, −80 °C |
Citrate plasma | Stable, −80 °C | Not stable | Stable, −80 °C |
Freeze–thaw cycles | |||
Serum | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Heparin plasma | 1 | 1 | 3 |
EDTA plasma | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Citrate plasma | 3 | Not stable | 3 |
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Krueger, K.; Mayer, Z.; Kottmaier, M.; Gerckens, M.; Boeck, S.; Luppa, P.; Holdenrieder, S. Robust Preanalytical Performance of Soluble PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 Assessed by Sensitive ELISAs in Blood. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 2534. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102534
Krueger K, Mayer Z, Kottmaier M, Gerckens M, Boeck S, Luppa P, Holdenrieder S. Robust Preanalytical Performance of Soluble PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 Assessed by Sensitive ELISAs in Blood. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(10):2534. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102534
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrueger, Kimberly, Zsuzsanna Mayer, Marc Kottmaier, Miriam Gerckens, Stefan Boeck, Peter Luppa, and Stefan Holdenrieder. 2022. "Robust Preanalytical Performance of Soluble PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 Assessed by Sensitive ELISAs in Blood" Biomedicines 10, no. 10: 2534. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102534