Upwelling in Marginal Seas and Its Association with Climate Change Scenario—A Comparative Review
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
Satar and colleagues provide a comparative review on the relationship between the upwelling intensity and climate change in terms of global warming. Generally, the topic of the manuscript is of international interest, and the manuscript is generally well-structured. More explicitly, all data are sufficient, and the adopted methods are appropriated, as well as the treatment of the data. The figures are appropriated as both quantity and quality. The length of the paper is appropriate for this journal, with all interpretations and conclusions to be in general well justified. Finally, the bibliography is accurate, without self-citations, and quite updated. The English is in relatively good shape which makes the paper easily readable. Overall, I have only one suggestion, and therefore ask for revision (minor) before accepting this manuscript for Climate. So, please take it into account in order this promising contribution to be publishable soon. The manuscript is acceptable with minor revision.
My suggestion has to do with the addition of the marginal Mediterranean Sea in the discussion as supplementary to the already 3 areas of this study. The Mediterranean basin is a semi-enclosed marginal basin in which coastal upwelling is evident. So, this area should be also added and discussed thoroughly in the discussion.
Author Response
Please refer to the file that been attached.
Author Response File: 
Author Response.docx
Reviewer 2 Report
This paper reviews the studies on the long-term trend of upwelling intensity in the main marginal seas under the background of global climate change. In my opinion, the paper has certain scientific value, but some key aspects need to be supplemented or revised before the paper can be published.
(1) This paper emphasizes that the coastal upwelling in the marginal sea area and the EBUS upwelling have different long-term trends. So, what are the main reasons for the different trends in their changes? Even though the reason is not yet clear, what have existing studies been done to address this issue? This paper should also summarize this aspect.
(2) In Section 2, it should be clearly stated which type of upwelling this paper discusses. Since this paper is about wind-induced upwelling in nearshore regions, the main effect should be Ekman transport. It should be noted that Ekman pumping can also cause upwelling, which is also a wind-driven upwelling but does not necessarily happen near shores. In line 75, the two are confused and need to be distinguished. For example, in the nearshore regions of the northern South China Sea, the summer upwelling is mainly forced by Ekman transport, not Ekman pumping.
(2) In Section 2, it is necessary to provide a diagram to describe the main mechanism of the upwelling focus in this paper.
(3) Section 3 has discussed the relationship between ENSO and SST. But what is the relationship between SST changes and upwelling? The upwelling studied in this paper is a wind-driven upwelling, which should explain how the wind field changes under the influence of ENSO. And then, explain how the changes in the wind field can affect the upwelling in different regions.
(4) Section 5 focuses on the research progress of EBUS. What is the most important difference between the upwelling of EBUS and the upwelling of marginal seas? What is the most obvious difference in their response to climate change? These should also be explained clearly.
(5) Regarding Section 8, it is unlikely that there is not any model study on upwelling in the South China Sea. In particular, the summer upwelling along the coast of Vietnam has the effect of Ekman transport, eddy, and strong offshore jet, which is one of the most important marine dynamic processes in the South China Sea. There are many studies on the summer eddy pairs near the coast of Vietnam, including studies on their long-term interannual changes.
(6) There are only two figures in the entire paper, and the information provided by the figures is rather limited. This has resulted in poor overall readability of the paper. You can refer to some representative graphical results in published papers and modify them to present them in the current paper. Alternatively, summarize the results of previous studies and create graphs that integrate multiple results.
(7) A figure should be provided to mark the major upwelling areas worldwide. In that case, you can merge the current Figures 1 and 2. Current figures 1 and 2 only indicate the South China Sea and the Arabian Sea. Instead, all stations analyzed in this paper should be indicated in the figure.
(8) “Numerous studies have mainly focused on four major upwelling areas: the Eastern Boundary Upwelling System (EBUS)” --What are the four upwelling areas mentioned here? The meanings of four areas and one system are not equivalent.
(9) ECPM only appears twice, there is no need to abbreviate it
(10) Table 2 should list the references for all sea areas.
The English language is clear to me.
Author Response
Dear Sir,
Thank you for your review and recommendations. For the answers, please refer to the file that has been attached.
Author Response File: Author Response.docx
Round 2
Reviewer 2 Report
The authors carefully considered the review comments, made sufficient revisions to the manuscript, and responded clearly to most questions I raised. Thus, I agree that this paper can be published.
Note that Table 2 is now a bit large, so some duplicate information should be removed.
