Systems

5 pages, 299 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Advancements in the Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems and Simulating Complex Systems

by Philippe Mathieu, Juan Manuel Corchado, Alfonso González-Briones and Fernando De la Prieta

Systems 2023, 11(10), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100525 - 21 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1873

Introduction [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in the Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems and Simulating Complex Systems)

17 pages, 2544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bibliometric Performance and Future Relevance of Virtual Manufacturing Technology in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

by Yawo Mamoua Kobara and Ikpe Justice Akpan

Systems 2023, 11(10), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100524 - 21 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1793

Abstract

Virtual manufacturing (VM) technology emerged in the 1980s as a revolutionary strategy to optimize and streamline the entire product/service manufacturing lifecycle. However, over the years, its popularity appears to have waned. Further, the advent of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) or Industry 4.0 [...] Read more.

Virtual manufacturing (VM) technology emerged in the 1980s as a revolutionary strategy to optimize and streamline the entire product/service manufacturing lifecycle. However, over the years, its popularity appears to have waned. Further, the advent of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) or Industry 4.0 brings with it other integrated digital technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, and digital twin (DT), among others. DT offers functions like VM plus other benefits, including intelligent manufacturing, to revolutionize future manufacturing operations activities and predictive capability using real-time data. This paper employs bibliographic metadata from publications indexed on SCOPUS to evaluate the recent trends in VM research and develop predictive models to forecast VM’s future trajectory and relevance in 4IR. The results of the bibliometric evaluation of VM-related scientific literature publications show a rapidly declining research productivity and highlight an exponential decline from the mid-2000s. This period of VM publication decline coincides with the advent of 4IR and DT technology, which are trending. The results of the predictive analytics using the quadratic regression model created in this study to forecast the future relevance of VM in the 4IR era suggest that VM publications show a similar conclusion. VM research output increased until 2009 and then started decreasing exponentially. The quadratic model implies an exponential decrease in yearly VM publications. Future works can evaluate DT and VM research trends from the last two decades. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Transformation in Services Production Systems and Product Manufacturing)

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20 pages, 1994 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does High-Speed Railway Promote the Quality of Urbanization? From a Dynamic Network Perspective

by Jingyu Chen, Weidong Li, Bingyu Wu and Zhen Yu

Systems 2023, 11(10), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100523 - 20 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1399

Abstract

Applying the improved social-network analysis method and the idea of rolling-window regression, this paper explores the impact of an HSR network on the quality of urbanization and its dynamics. Based on a sample of 273 cities in China over the period 2009–2019, we [...] Read more.

Applying the improved social-network analysis method and the idea of rolling-window regression, this paper explores the impact of an HSR network on the quality of urbanization and its dynamics. Based on a sample of 273 cities in China over the period 2009–2019, we find that the high-speed railway network has an increasingly positive effect on the quality of urbanization, which proves the existence of a network effect. The empirical results further show that this effect is closely related to the coverage rate of the high-speed rail network. In addition, heterogeneity analysis reveals that urban agglomeration cities are the main beneficiaries. Academically, our study provides a plausible explanation and evidence from network size differences for the two conflicting views of the HSR effect. Practically, we also propose some important policy implications for countries in different high-speed-rail-network construction stages. Full article

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17 pages, 1013 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predicting the Use of Chatbots for Consumer Channel Selection in Multichannel Environments: An Exploratory Study

by Ionica Oncioiu

Systems 2023, 11(10), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100522 - 20 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1653

Abstract

Online consumers are increasingly looking for more convenient ways to purchase products and services, and chatbots are becoming increasingly popular in multichannel environments due to their ability to provide an efficient service. In this context, managing digital complexity with the help of artificial [...] Read more.

Online consumers are increasingly looking for more convenient ways to purchase products and services, and chatbots are becoming increasingly popular in multichannel environments due to their ability to provide an efficient service. In this context, managing digital complexity with the help of artificial intelligence and supporting decisions in a multichannel context is an appealing perspective for the retailer, who must find the right strategy to win and keep customers online. The present empirical study aims to better understand consumer behaviour in the multichannel environment in the context of four categories of products and services (retail banking, mobile communications, fashion, and consumer electronics) from the perspective of identifying determinants of channel selection when the consumer uses chatbots. Data were collected from 936 respondents with multichannel retail experience to conduct an empirical investigation on social media platforms, including Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram; these data were then analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). We found that the online consumer’s multichannel behaviour was not only a reality in the field of broad purchasing decisions but already a norm, and consumers had good reasons to use more channels in the context of chatbots. Research results suggest that chatbots can represent a decision-making aid for managers in retail companies who want to develop an efficient and optimal logistics service strategy in multichannel environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-criteria Decision Making in Supply Chain Management)

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27 pages, 2491 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Economy and Intelligent Manufacturing Coupling Coordination: Evidence from China

by Wanyu Zhang and Fansheng Meng

Systems 2023, 11(10), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100521 - 19 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1584

Abstract

The digital economy uses its own digital information advantages to reduce the intensity of energy consumption brought by economic growth. Intelligent manufacturing achieves cost reduction and efficiency through the integration of manufacturing and intelligence as well as digitalization and information technology. The two [...] Read more.

The digital economy uses its own digital information advantages to reduce the intensity of energy consumption brought by economic growth. Intelligent manufacturing achieves cost reduction and efficiency through the integration of manufacturing and intelligence as well as digitalization and information technology. The two have become a new engine for sustainable economic development at present, and they can promote and influence each other. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship between them. In this regard, this study aims to build a coupling coordination model of digital economy and intelligent manufacturing and to make an empirical analysis using the data of Chinese provincial administrative regions in order to provide a theoretical reference for promoting sustainable economic development. The research finds that (1) the digital economy and intelligent manufacturing are mainly cross-coupled from four aspects: infrastructure, technological innovation, product optimization and organizational change. The development level and speed of the former are significantly higher than those of the latter, and the gap does not decrease with time. The two have a strong correlation, but there is no high-quality coupling coordination. (2) The main obstacle factors to the digital economy lie in the imperfect supporting facilities, the short board of technological innovation and the lack of technological application capacity. Intelligent manufacturing lacks intelligent application and technological innovation. (3) Influencing factors such as opening to the outside world, economic development, high-level talent input, industrial structure and innovation emphasis have different effects on their coupling and coordinated development in different regions. (4) The spatial correlation test shows that the coupling coordination degree of each region is spatially positively correlated. This research helps to promote the coupling and coordinated development of the digital economy and intelligent manufacturing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)

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15 pages, 3658 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Capacity for Change Prior to the Adoption of Human Factors Engineering in Power Plant Maintenance

by Mfundo Nkosi, Kapil Gupta and Peter Madindwa Mashinini

Systems 2023, 11(10), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100520 - 19 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1234

Abstract

Even in the epoch of the 4th Industrial Revolution, technologies are introducing human–machine/technology interactions that must be appropriately managed to prevent or reduce avoidable human errors. In recent years, power plants have started examining ways to manage human errors attributable to maintenance, thereby [...] Read more.

Even in the epoch of the 4th Industrial Revolution, technologies are introducing human–machine/technology interactions that must be appropriately managed to prevent or reduce avoidable human errors. In recent years, power plants have started examining ways to manage human errors attributable to maintenance, thereby improving performance, safety, and well-being. Maintenance management requires the integration of human factors engineering (HFE) principles with maintenance practices to handle the issue of human errors. When adopting human factors engineering interventions to enhance maintenance, power plants must demonstrate the capacity for change to ensure effective management of change and realize the intervention’s benefits. The main focus in power plants is usually on the technical side of change, with less emphasis on human factors. This study aimed to develop and trial a model for determining the capacity for change to aid HFE adoption in electric power systems maintenance. A quantitative and cross-sectional survey was conducted with maintenance personnel working in South African power plants. The results showed that management commitment, knowledge, and employee involvement are associated with the capacity for change in the maintenance of power plants. This study extends previous studies on the capacity for change when adopting unconventional interventions in maintenance such as HFE principles. Full article

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48 pages, 4313 KiB

Open AccessReview

AI in Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis: Techniques, Trends, and Future Directions

by Yassine Habchi, Yassine Himeur, Hamza Kheddar, Abdelkrim Boukabou, Shadi Atalla, Ammar Chouchane, Abdelmalik Ouamane and Wathiq Mansoor

Systems 2023, 11(10), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100519 - 17 Oct 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4330

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted thyroid cancer diagnosis in recent years, offering advanced tools and methodologies that promise to revolutionize patient outcomes. This review provides an exhaustive overview of the contemporary frameworks employed in the field, focusing on the objective of AI-driven [...] Read more.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted thyroid cancer diagnosis in recent years, offering advanced tools and methodologies that promise to revolutionize patient outcomes. This review provides an exhaustive overview of the contemporary frameworks employed in the field, focusing on the objective of AI-driven analysis and dissecting methodologies across supervised, unsupervised, and ensemble learning. Specifically, we delve into techniques such as deep learning, artificial neural networks, traditional classification, and probabilistic models (PMs) under supervised learning. With its prowess in clustering and dimensionality reduction, unsupervised learning (USL) is explored alongside ensemble methods, including bagging and potent boosting algorithms. The thyroid cancer datasets (TCDs) are integral to our discussion, shedding light on vital features and elucidating feature selection and extraction techniques critical for AI-driven diagnostic systems. We lay out the standard assessment criteria across classification, regression, statistical, computer vision, and ranking metrics, punctuating the discourse with a real-world example of thyroid cancer detection using AI. Additionally, this study culminates in a critical analysis, elucidating current limitations and delineating the path forward by highlighting open challenges and prospective research avenues. Through this comprehensive exploration, we aim to offer readers a panoramic view of AI’s transformative role in thyroid cancer diagnosis, underscoring its potential and pointing toward an optimistic future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Natural Science)

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30 pages, 6834 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Cloud-Based Security: A Novel Approach for Efficient Cyber-Threat Detection Using GSCSO-IHNN Model

by Divya Ramachandran, Mubarak Albathan, Ayyaz Hussain and Qaisar Abbas

Systems 2023, 11(10), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100518 - 16 Oct 2023

Viewed by 2269

Abstract

Developing a simple and efficient attack detection system for ensuring the security of cloud systems against cyberthreats is a crucial and demanding process in the present time. In traditional work, various machine-learning-based detection methodologies have been developed for securing the cloud network. However, [...] Read more.

Developing a simple and efficient attack detection system for ensuring the security of cloud systems against cyberthreats is a crucial and demanding process in the present time. In traditional work, various machine-learning-based detection methodologies have been developed for securing the cloud network. However, those methodologies face the complications of overfitting, complex system design, difficulty understanding, and higher time consumption. Hence, the proposed work contributes to the design and development of an effective security model for detecting cyberthreats from cloud systems. The proposed framework encompasses the modules of preprocessing and normalization, feature extraction, optimization, and prediction. An improved principal component analysis (IPCA) model is used to extract the relevant features from the normalized dataset. Then, a hybrid grasshopper–crow search optimization (GSCSO) is employed to choose the relevant features for training and testing operations. Finally, an isolated heuristic neural network (IHNN) algorithm is used to predict whether the data flow is normal or intrusive. Popular and publicly available datasets such as NSL-KDD, BoT-IoT, KDD Cup’99, and CICIDS 2017 are used for implementing the detection system. For validation, the different performance indicators, such as detection accuracy (AC) and F1-score, are measured and compared with the proposed GSCSO-IHNN system. On average, the GSCO-IHNN system achieved 99.5% ACC and 0.999 F1 scores on these datasets. The results of the performance study show that the GSCSO-IHNN method outperforms the other security models. Ultimately, this research strives to contribute to the ongoing efforts to fortify the security of cloud systems, making them resilient against cyber threats more simply and efficiently. Full article

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21 pages, 2254 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Level of Practical and Theoretical Knowledge as a Starting Point for the Implementation of Lean Hospital Concept

by Anna Chmielarz, Beata Wieczorek-Wojcik, Agnieszka Zdęba-Mozoła, Remigiusz Kozłowski, Dorota Kilańska, Jan Krzysztof Solarz, Tomasz Czapla and Michał Marczak

Systems 2023, 11(10), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100517 - 15 Oct 2023

Viewed by 2125

Abstract

Background: The implementation of the Lean Hospitals concept can contribute to the improvement of internal processes in healthcare organizations. The level of a management team’s knowledge is an important part of effective implementation of Lean Hospital elements in hospitals. The purpose of this [...] Read more.

Background: The implementation of the Lean Hospitals concept can contribute to the improvement of internal processes in healthcare organizations. The level of a management team’s knowledge is an important part of effective implementation of Lean Hospital elements in hospitals. The purpose of this article is to determine the degree of theoretical and practical knowledge of Lean Hospitals (defined for the purposes of the study as a set of lean tools) among the management teams of Polish hospitals. The authors focused on examining the discrepancy between practical and theoretical knowledge to determine which of them is less prevalent in hospitals in order to correctly establish elements of the implementation procedures, which must be improved and perfected to more effectively implement the lean concept in healthcare. Methods: The research methods used to achieve the study objectives included, respectively, an analysis of the literature on the subject and gathering of data using the Qualtrics Platform with a CAWI survey. Respondents rated their level of knowledge regarding Lean Hospital tools on a Likert scale. Basic descriptive statistics and radar diagrams were used to analyze and present the data. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel spreadsheets. Results: It was established that the vast majority of management teams in the studied hospitals had limited basic knowledge about Lean Hospitals, if any. The greatest lack of knowledge was found in the field of practical (implementation) knowledge of Lean Hospital tools. The research found no significant discrepancy between the level of theoretical and practical knowledge at the level of general knowledge and detailed knowledge relating to the knowledge of individual lean tools. The standardized work tool was rated best in terms of self-assessing practical knowledge. The worst rated tools in terms of both theoretical and practical knowledge self-assessment were Kaizen, Kanban and TPM. Conclusions: The results of the conducted studies indicate a low level of knowledge and advancement in the implementation of the Lean Hospitals concept in selected Polish hospitals. Limited knowledge of the Lean Hospital concept was established for entire management teams. A low level of knowledge was noted in both theoretical and practical knowledge. Supplementing knowledge only at the theoretical level without taking care of the practical knowledge aspect may prolong the implementation procedure or stop it completely. Therefore, based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the first stage of lean implementation in hospitals should focus on supplementing the knowledge and preparing the employees for work in a lean culture, diverting particular attention to the practical part of the training. Full article

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20 pages, 835 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Impact of Heterogeneous Environmental Regulations on Green Innovation Efficiency: Evidence from China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt

by Ruochan Xiong and Da Gao

Systems 2023, 11(10), 516; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100516 - 15 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1481

Abstract

Enhancing environmental regulation (ER) is an effective way to improve the green innovation efficiency (GIE) of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) and the key to achieving the target of carbon peaking and neutrality. Using the data of 103 cities in YREB in [...] Read more.

Enhancing environmental regulation (ER) is an effective way to improve the green innovation efficiency (GIE) of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) and the key to achieving the target of carbon peaking and neutrality. Using the data of 103 cities in YREB in 2013–2019, this paper explores the effect of heterogeneous ER on GIE. The results of the study are as follows: first, we categorize environmental regulations into formal and informal environmental regulations and explore their impact on green innovation efficiency separately. The results show that both formal and informal environmental regulations can effectively promote GIE in the YREB urban agglomeration. Second, the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) model is used to analyze the spatial effect. The results show that there are spatial effects between heterogeneous environmental regulations and GIE, and environmental regulation can significantly strengthen GIE through positive spatial effects. Third, this paper uses the threshold model to explore the non-linear relationship between environmental regulation and green innovation efficiency. The results show that as ER increases, the positive effect on GIE increases, and this interesting finding holds for both formal and informal environmental regulations. Fourth, the mediating effect model is used to examine whether green technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading exert mediation effects on how environmental regulations affect GIE. The research results can provide effective policy recommendations to promote the green development of the cities in YREB. Full article

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25 pages, 1626 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Effects of Urban Digital Infrastructure on Corporate Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Performance: Evidence from the Broadband China Policy

by Chenchen Zhai, Xinyi Ding, Xue Zhang, Shaoxiang Jiang, Yue Zhang and Chengming Li

Systems 2023, 11(10), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100515 - 15 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1926

Abstract

Urban digital infrastructure is the cornerstone of optimizing resource allocation and promoting sustainable economic development in the era of digital economy, and it will also affect corporate ESG performance. Based on the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2021, an [...] Read more.

Urban digital infrastructure is the cornerstone of optimizing resource allocation and promoting sustainable economic development in the era of digital economy, and it will also affect corporate ESG performance. Based on the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2021, an asymptotic difference-in-difference model is used to investigate the impact of urban digital infrastructure on corporate ESG performance based on the “broadband China” strategy and its underlying mechanism. This paper finds that urban digital infrastructure can promote corporate ESG performance. Further, urban digital infrastructure can contribute to corporate ESG performance by increasing research and development (R&D) investment, improving corporate governance, and increasing information transparency. Through heterogeneity analysis, the results show urban digital infrastructure contributes more significantly to the ESG performance of state-owned, small and medium, growth-stage, and low-profit companies and is more pronounced in non-heavy polluting companies and companies in the central and western regions. This paper has enhanced the theoretical framework of urban digital infrastructure and corporate ESG (environmental, social, and governance) performance, paving the way for a new approach to the collaborative development of cities and enterprises in pursuit of green and sustainable growth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation, Digital Transformation and Process Improvement Towards a Better Efficiency on Industrial and Management Systems)

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20 pages, 4214 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adaptive Supply Chain System Design for Fruit Crops under Climate Change

by Hoyoung Jeong and ChulHun Choi

Systems 2023, 11(10), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100514 - 15 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1703

Abstract

There is an urgent need for adaptive supply chain strategies that can mitigate the effects of climate change on the agricultural system. This study introduces a new mathematical model, Capacitated Facility Location Problems with Multi-Period (CFLP-MP), to respond to this challenge. Unlike existing [...] Read more.

There is an urgent need for adaptive supply chain strategies that can mitigate the effects of climate change on the agricultural system. This study introduces a new mathematical model, Capacitated Facility Location Problems with Multi-Period (CFLP-MP), to respond to this challenge. Unlike existing models, the CFLP-MP framework is designed to optimize the supply chain system design of facility locations and transportation routes by accommodating changes in production and demand for multiple time periods. The proposed model can be extended to other time-sensitive agricultural foods, but in this research, it is applied to the U.S. apple industry as a case study. Despite varying conditions, the model demonstrates resilience in maintaining its operational efficiency, thereby offering a solution to the initial challenge of creating an adaptive agricultural supply chain system. In conclusion, this research offers a versatile toolset for enhancing resilience and sustainability in fruit crop production, precisely addressing the climate-induced challenges identified above. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Supply Chain Management)

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26 pages, 2268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Decision Making with the Use of Digital Inclusive Financial Systems by New Agricultural Management Entities in Guangdong Province, China: A Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology-Based Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

by Jiannan Wang, Shaoning Zhang, Bo Liu and Lezhu Zhang

Systems 2023, 11(10), 513; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100513 - 13 Oct 2023

Viewed by 2081

Abstract

In the context of China’s rural revitalization and expanding digital economy, this study aims to elucidate how digital financial inclusion technologies can better allocate financial resources across newly evolved agricultural entities—such as family farms, farmers’ cooperatives, and agricultural enterprises. By employing structural equation [...] Read more.

In the context of China’s rural revitalization and expanding digital economy, this study aims to elucidate how digital financial inclusion technologies can better allocate financial resources across newly evolved agricultural entities—such as family farms, farmers’ cooperatives, and agricultural enterprises. By employing structural equation modeling (SEM) based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), we identify key determinants affecting farmers’ credit availability. Our results emphasize the overwhelming role of Digital Financial Inclusion Technology Applications (DAs) in a wide range of financial variables, particularly credit availability (CA). Notably, performance expectation did not exert a significant impact on credit availability, while variables like effort expectation, facilitating conditions, and especially social influence were significant contributors. As for social impacts, social influence emerged as a multifaceted enabler, encouraging collective support within farmer communities and thereby facilitating credit accessibility. In conclusion, our study reinforces the critical influence of DAs in molding the financial landscape and recommends targeted interventions that leverage these technologies and social dynamics to boost financial inclusion and drive rural prosperity. Full article

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26 pages, 6545 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coupling Landscape Connectedness, Ecosystem Service Value, and Resident Welfare in Xining City, Western China

by Chunlin Yu, Ling Li and Hejie Wei

Systems 2023, 11(10), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100512 - 13 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1420

Abstract

Landscape connectedness, ecosystem service value (ESV), and resident welfare are intricately interconnected, and understanding their relationships is crucial for promoting regional sustainable development. Utilizing six stages of land use data from 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 in Xining City, Qinghai Province, [...] Read more.

Landscape connectedness, ecosystem service value (ESV), and resident welfare are intricately interconnected, and understanding their relationships is crucial for promoting regional sustainable development. Utilizing six stages of land use data from 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 in Xining City, Qinghai Province, this study identified landscape connectedness changes by landscape pattern indices, calculated ecosystem service value by the equivalent factor method, and quantified residents’ well-being by comprehensive evaluation indices. To investigate the coupled and coordinated states among the three, a coupling coordination model is adopted. Furthermore, the relative development degree model is employed to reveal the relative developmental level of the three, clarify the lagging factors in their coupling coordination. The gray relational model is employed to identify key factors affecting the coupling mechanism. Key findings include the following: (1) The development trend of landscape types was moving toward diversification and balance, and the total value of ecosystem services has been declining. The comprehensive level of resident welfare has increased annually, but the structure has changed. (2) The coupling relationship among landscape connectedness, ecosystem service value, and resident welfare is strong and has remained at a high correlation level but has been in a state of discord. (3) The main constraint of the discord in the early stage was resident welfare, but the constraining factors in the later stage shifted to ecosystem services and landscape connectedness. The largest patch index and water resource supply were the key influencing factors in the system coupling mechanism. The research findings can provide a reference for the sustainable development of Xining City, regional land use policies, and ecological intervention planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Service Ecosystems: Resilience and Sustainability)

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20 pages, 1115 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing the Performance of High-Growth Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises through Effective Project-Management Processes and Stakeholder Engagement: A Systems Perspective

by Igor Vrečko, Polona Tominc and Karin Širec

Systems 2023, 11(10), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100511 - 12 Oct 2023

Viewed by 2331

Abstract

This study examines the impact of project-management practices on high-growth small and medium-sized enterprises (HG SMEs) from a systems perspective, utilizing structural equation modelling (SEM) and data from a diverse SME sample. It investigates the intricate relationships among several factors: project management system [...] Read more.

This study examines the impact of project-management practices on high-growth small and medium-sized enterprises (HG SMEs) from a systems perspective, utilizing structural equation modelling (SEM) and data from a diverse SME sample. It investigates the intricate relationships among several factors: project management system support, project-management processes, stakeholder involvement, project management success, project success, and HG SME growth. Our findings highlight the substantial positive influence of project-management processes and stakeholder engagement on project management success. These factors subsequently contribute significantly to both project success and the overall growth of HG SMEs. Notably, project management system support does not exhibit a substantial influence on these success factors. Furthermore, our research uncovers important indirect effects. Project-management processes indirectly impact both project success and HG SME growth, underscoring their central role. Similarly, stakeholder involvement indirectly influences HG SME growth through its impact on project success, emphasizing its significance. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by emphasizing the critical roles of project-management processes, stakeholder engagement, and project success as drivers of SME growth. These insights have valuable implications for SME managers, project leaders, and policymakers, highlighting the essential nature of effective project management in shaping the growth trajectory of SMEs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Data-Driven Group Decision-Making)

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20 pages, 2459 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Systems Engineering Education: From Learning Program to Business Value

by Gerrit Muller, Laura van Veen and Joris van den Aker

Systems 2023, 11(10), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100510 - 11 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1631

Abstract

The complexity of delivering business value is increasing technically and socially. The increasing complexity triggers the need for an increase in systems competence in several roles within the technical domain. One of the core disciplines to focus on this competence is systems engineering, [...] Read more.

The complexity of delivering business value is increasing technically and socially. The increasing complexity triggers the need for an increase in systems competence in several roles within the technical domain. One of the core disciplines to focus on this competence is systems engineering, which gets increasing attention within the Dutch ecosystem to enhance individuals and organizations further in this competence. The challenge is a shortage of systems engineers and teachers in systems engineering. This study proposes a layered and integrated education offering with courses for depth and domain skills, multi-day programs with systems mindset and leadership capabilities, and tracks to broaden the knowledge to a broad variety of stakeholders. In addition, university colleges, universities, and other education providers have to cooperate in delivering cohesive education to all levels, e.g., bachelor, master, PhD, and lifelong learning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Future of Systems Engineering Education)

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28 pages, 3739 KiB

Open AccessReview

Evolution, Challenges, and Opportunities of Transportation Methods in the Last-Mile Delivery Process

by Xiaonan Zhu, Lanhui Cai, Po-Lin Lai, Xueqin Wang and Fei Ma

Systems 2023, 11(10), 509; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100509 - 11 Oct 2023

Viewed by 3010

Abstract

The rapid development of modern logistics and e-commerce highlights the importance of exploring various modes of transportation in the last-mile delivery (LMD) process. However, no comprehensive studies exist in the literature exploring all modes of LMD transportation, the changes in these transportation modes, [...] Read more.

The rapid development of modern logistics and e-commerce highlights the importance of exploring various modes of transportation in the last-mile delivery (LMD) process. However, no comprehensive studies exist in the literature exploring all modes of LMD transportation, the changes in these transportation modes, and the commonalities between them. In this study, we address this gap by conducting a systematic review of 150 academic journal articles utilizing a combination of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) content analysis and text mining analysis. Nine primary transportation methods (parcel lockers, autonomous drones, trucks, bicycles, crowd logistics, electric vehicles, tricycles, autonomous robots, and autonomous vehicles) are identified in this research. Additionally, we provide an analysis of the historical changes in these transportation modes in LMD. Using a bottom-up induction method, we identify the three major clusters of scholarly focus in the LMD literature: emphasis on value co-creation between consumers and logistics providers, practical delivery performance (path optimization or algorithms), and environmental friendliness. Further, we analyze the main themes under each cluster, leading to the identification of opportunities, challenges, and future research agendas. Our findings have implications for scholars, policymakers, and other stakeholders involved in LMD transportation modes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance Analysis and Optimization in Transportation Systems)

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25 pages, 3837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Postal Digital Transformation Dynamics—A System Dynamics Approach

by Kgabo Mokgohloa, Mukondeleli Grace Kanakana-Katumba, Rendani Wilson Maladzhi and Sbusiso Xaba

Systems 2023, 11(10), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100508 - 10 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1981

Abstract

The key motivation of the study was to explore and enlarge our understanding of the factors that inhibit and drive the performance of the postal sector in a dynamic setting in the context of Southern Africa. This study was prompted by the unsatisfactory [...] Read more.

The key motivation of the study was to explore and enlarge our understanding of the factors that inhibit and drive the performance of the postal sector in a dynamic setting in the context of Southern Africa. This study was prompted by the unsatisfactory performance of the postal sector in Southern Africa as measured by the Integrated Index on Postal Development (2IPD), an index used by the Universal Postal Union to measure the performance of posts across the globe on dimensions of reliability, resilience, reach, and relevance. Postal operators across the world are faced with inescapable business model disruptions steered by the digital era, and Southern Africa is not an exception. System dynamics was adopted as a modelling approach to simulate the interaction of the stocks (digital culture, operations capability, adoption, and financial performance). The system dynamics approach revealed that the postal sector can be described as a complex phenomenon due to intricate interdependent variables that interact in a dynamic setting. The complex nature of the postal sector is further amplified by multiple feedback systems of non-linear relations. The results of the study point to the complex interaction of these variables that inhibit and drive the digital transformation and competitiveness of the postal sector. It is by grasping these complexities that decision-makers and policymakers can exploit the insights revealed by this research to direct the postal sector toward a sustainable future. Full article

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21 pages, 2716 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Subject Embedding, Relationship Interaction, and Resource Integration: The Value Co-Creation Mechanism in Rural Communities

by Yingqiu Wu, Lu Xu, Jianwu Lin and Muhammad Imran Ghani

Systems 2023, 11(10), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100507 - 08 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1556

Abstract

Globalization and urbanization have reshaped the way that service ecosystem subjects interact with each other in rural communities, providing conditions and possibilities for realizing value co-creation in rural communities. Therefore, this study selected rural communities in Guiyang City, China, as research subjects and [...] Read more.

Globalization and urbanization have reshaped the way that service ecosystem subjects interact with each other in rural communities, providing conditions and possibilities for realizing value co-creation in rural communities. Therefore, this study selected rural communities in Guiyang City, China, as research subjects and explored the value co-creation mechanism in rural communities from the perspective of service ecosystems. The authors construct a theoretical framework encompassing “value co-creation conditions, value co-creation processes, and value co-creation results”. The study found that the core mechanism in the process of value co-creation is “subject embedding, relationship interaction, and resource integration”. At the macro level, resource sharing is achieved through complex and heterogeneous interactions among multiple subjects, under the influence of institutions, policies, and cultures. At the meso level, organizations complement each other’s resources through the cooperation and empowerment of other actors horizontally, under the influence of structure, function, and rules. At the micro level, individuals optimize resources through cooperative and empowering interactions, under the influence of motivations and value preferences. Finally, the integration of individual, organizational, and overall values constitutes public values, under the joint cross-level action of institutional and cultural elements. This study provides a new theoretical perspective for exploring the value co-creation mechanism in rural communities and provides important practical insights for promoting the sustainable development of rural communities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Service Ecosystems: Resilience and Sustainability)

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15 pages, 4062 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Importance of Resistance in the Context of Critical Infrastructure Resilience: An Extension of the CIERA Method

by David Rehak, Lucie Flynnova, Martin Hromada and Clemente Fuggini

Systems 2023, 11(10), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100506 - 08 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1381

Abstract

Technical sectors compose an inseparable and elementary part of a complex critical infrastructure (CI) system. Their provided services are essential to the functioning of all of the dependent sectors of CI on which society and states depend, especially in areas experiencing high levels [...] Read more.

Technical sectors compose an inseparable and elementary part of a complex critical infrastructure (CI) system. Their provided services are essential to the functioning of all of the dependent sectors of CI on which society and states depend, especially in areas experiencing high levels of urbanisation. The initial point for effective CI elements’ protection is the permanent assessment and strengthening of their capacity for resilience to the negative effects of internal and external threats. The current perceptions of resilience focus primarily on repressive components responsive to incidents (i.e., robustness, recoverability, and adaptability), while minimal attention is paid to the preventative components. The article’s contribution to this literature gap is its definition of resistance, which can be considered as a CI element’s ability to prevent the occurrence of incidents. To this goal, the current study defines (1) the individual factors (variables and parameters) determining CI resistance and (2) the methodological procedure for infrastructure element resistance assessment in order to identify the weak points throughout a complex CI system and subsequently strengthen them. Moreover, a practical example of resistance assessment for a selected critical energy infrastructure element is presented. The main outcome of this article is the definition of the primary steps for the expansion of the CIERA method, via the enhancement of CI components’ resilience capacity in the prevention phase. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developing Resilient Systems: Engineering Solutions for a Changing World)

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28 pages, 5205 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Loss Given Default of Bank Loans Using the Hybrid Algorithms Multi-Stage Model

by Mengting Fan, Tsung-Hsien Wu and Qizhi Zhao

Systems 2023, 11(10), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100505 - 05 Oct 2023

Viewed by 2227

Abstract

The loss given default (LGD) is an important credit risk parameter in the regulatory system for financial institutions. Due to the complex structure of the LGD distribution, we propose a new approach, called the hybrid algorithms multi-stage (HMS) model, to construct a multi-stage [...] Read more.

The loss given default (LGD) is an important credit risk parameter in the regulatory system for financial institutions. Due to the complex structure of the LGD distribution, we propose a new approach, called the hybrid algorithms multi-stage (HMS) model, to construct a multi-stage LGD prediction model and test it on the US Small Business Administration (SBA)’s small business credit dataset. We then compare the model’s performance under four routes by different evaluation metrics. Finally, pertinent business information and macroeconomic features datasets are added for robustness validation. The results show that HMS performs well and stably for predicting LGD, confirming the superiority of the proposed hybrid unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithm. Financial institutions can apply the approach to make default predictions based on other credit datasets. Full article

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17 pages, 3057 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cross-Departmental Synergetic Design in Home Appliance Enterprises—Exploring the Role of Project Management, Social Capital, and Organizational Efficiency in the Context of Sustainability

by Chun Yang and Min Wang

Systems 2023, 11(10), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100504 - 05 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1428

Abstract

This article discusses the interactions among project management, social capital, and organizational efficiency in the cross-departmental synergetic design of home appliance enterprises, with the goal of providing a reference for related enterprises’ collaborative innovation. The structural equation modeling was used in this study [...] Read more.

This article discusses the interactions among project management, social capital, and organizational efficiency in the cross-departmental synergetic design of home appliance enterprises, with the goal of providing a reference for related enterprises’ collaborative innovation. The structural equation modeling was used in this study to analyze the trust relationships, shared vision, and mutually motivating innovation teams established among people, information, social capital, and organizational efficiency in the project context. Research has found that effective information sharing and communication in the cross-departmental synergetic design of enterprises can significantly improve organizational performance and competitiveness under the conditions of social capital and task adaptation. Synergetic design innovations in organizations promote mutual trust, understanding, and the acceleration of innovation among organizational members, thereby achieving the enterprise’s goal of sustainable development. This study concludes that social capital is essential for enterprises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Practices in Technological Innovation Management Systems)

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19 pages, 2263 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Collaboration in a Translational Research Ecosystem

by Néstor Armando Nova and Rafael Andrés González

Systems 2023, 11(10), 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100503 - 03 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1491

Abstract

A core challenge of a multidisciplinary and multi-organizational translational research program is to set up and promote collaboration between researchers, labs, and organizations. Although the literature has studied and provided guidelines for collaboration, little has been written on how to evaluate it in [...] Read more.

A core challenge of a multidisciplinary and multi-organizational translational research program is to set up and promote collaboration between researchers, labs, and organizations. Although the literature has studied and provided guidelines for collaboration, little has been written on how to evaluate it in large research projects and in a practical way. This study aims to identify dimensions and barriers to evaluating and leveraging collaboration in a large translational research ecosystem related to developing phytotherapy-based cancer treatments. By applying the Collaboration Evaluation and Improvement Framework (CEIF), our paper adds value by developing a methodological design for evaluation, incorporating mixed data in a real research ecosystem. Empirical findings provide support for applying the assessment approach and show that a research project’s sustainability depends on several collaboration factors and barriers at the socio-technical, management, operational, and institutional levels. Research results provide valuable insights for managing and improving collaborative efforts in large research groups, by anticipating collaboration issues with actionable and opportune strategies that can enhance the planning process, ecosystem performance, sustainability, research outcomes, and the program’s overall success. As a result, monitoring governance, management, leadership, and social relationships throughout the different phases of a translational research program is crucial in assessing and promoting collaboration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Service Ecosystems: Resilience and Sustainability)

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29 pages, 6923 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Volatility Connectedness of Chinese Financial Institutions: Evidence from a Frequency Dynamics Perspective

by Yishi Li, Yongpin Ni, Hanxing Zheng and Linyi Zhou

Systems 2023, 11(10), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100502 - 03 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1297

Abstract

Accurately measuring systemic financial risk and analyzing its sources are important issues. This study focuses on the frequency dynamics of volatility connectedness in Chinese financial institutions using a spectral representation framework of generalized forecast error variance decomposition with the least absolute shrinkage and [...] Read more.

Accurately measuring systemic financial risk and analyzing its sources are important issues. This study focuses on the frequency dynamics of volatility connectedness in Chinese financial institutions using a spectral representation framework of generalized forecast error variance decomposition with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator vector autoregression. It assesses the volatility connectedness network using complex network analysis techniques. The data are derived from 31 publicly traded Chinese financial institutions between 4 January 2011 and 31 August 2023, encompassing the Chinese stock market crash in 2015 and the COVID-19 pandemic. The frequency dynamics of the volatility connectedness results indicate that long-term connectedness peaks and cross-sectoral connectedness rises during periods of financial instability, especially in the recent bull market (2014–2015) and the 2015 Chinese stock market crash. The volatility connectedness of Chinese financial institutions declined during the COVID-19 pandemic but rose during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period. Network estimation results show that securities triggered the 2015 bull market, whereas banks were the main risk transmitters during the 2015 market crash. These results have important practical implications for supervisory authorities. Full article

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18 pages, 1101 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digitalisation and IT Strategy in the Hospitality Industry

by Martin Wynn and Carmen Lam

Systems 2023, 11(10), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100501 - 01 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4503

Abstract

This article explores how digitalisation is impacting the hospitality industry and assesses the evolving role of an Information Technology (IT) strategy in the digitalisation process. The research approach is qualitative and inductive, based on six in-depth interviews with senior IT professionals in the [...] Read more.

This article explores how digitalisation is impacting the hospitality industry and assesses the evolving role of an Information Technology (IT) strategy in the digitalisation process. The research approach is qualitative and inductive, based on six in-depth interviews with senior IT professionals in the hospitality industry. Findings indicate significant differences in the role of an IT strategy in guiding digitalisation in the companies studied. The depth of information provided by the interviewees supports the development and application of a model that profiles the companies regarding their degree of digitalisation and technology integration. Analysis of interview material allows the identification of key properties for successful digitalization: process agility, workforce adaptability, and technology manageability, along with a clear data culture and ensured cybersecurity. However, disparate systems and technologies, and a lack of data integrity, are key issues that leave hospitality companies with difficult choices in progressing digitalisation initiatives. The applied model and identification of key properties for successful digitalisation contribute to the development of related theory and can also be used as a reference point for senior IT professionals working in the industry. Full article

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24 pages, 13828 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Coupling Coordination Degree between Economy and Eco-Environment Systems in the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2020

by Jianwan Ji, Litao Wang, Maorong Xie, Wen Lv, Cheng Yu, Wenliang Liu and Eshetu Shifaw

Systems 2023, 11(10), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100500 - 28 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1255

Abstract

The quantitative evaluation of the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between the regional economy and eco-environment systems is of great importance for the realization of sustainable development goals, which could identify economic or eco-environmental cold areas. To date, traditional evaluation frameworks mainly include the [...] Read more.

The quantitative evaluation of the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between the regional economy and eco-environment systems is of great importance for the realization of sustainable development goals, which could identify economic or eco-environmental cold areas. To date, traditional evaluation frameworks mainly include the indicator system construction based on statistical data, which seldom utilize the geo-spatiotemporal datasets. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the CCD change trend of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and explore the relationship between the CCD, economy, and eco-environment on the county scale. In this study, YRD was selected as the study area to evaluate its level of CCD at different periods, and then the nighttime difference index (NTDI) and eco-environmental comprehensive evaluation index (ECEI) were calculated to represent the difference in the development of the regional economy and the eco-environmental quality (EEQ). The CCD between the two systems was then calculated and analyzed using global, local, and Geary’s C spatial autocorrelation indicators, in addition to change trend methods. The main findings showed that: (1) During the period 2000–2020, the economic system in YRD showed a continuously upward trend (0.0487 a⁻¹), with average NTDI values of 0.2308, 0.2964, 0.3223, 0.3971, and 0.4239, respectively. In spatial terms, the economy system showed a distribution of “high in the east and low in the west”. (2) YRD’s EEQ indicated a gradual upward trend (from 0.3590 in 2000 to 0.3970 in 2020), with a change trend value of 0.0020 a⁻¹. Spatially, the regions with high ECEI were mainly located in southwestern counties. (3) In the past 20 years, the CCD between economic and eco-environment systems showed an increased change trend, with a change trend value of 0.0302 a⁻¹. The average CCD values for the five periods were 0.3992, 0.4745, 0.4633, 0.5012, and 0.5369. The overall level of CCD improved from “moderate incoordination” to “low coordination”. (4) Both NTDI and ECEI indexes have a positive effect on the improvement of regional CCD. However, the contribution of NTDI is a little higher than that of ECEI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Natural Science)

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19 pages, 2866 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biases in Stakeholder Elicitation as a Precursor to the Systems Architecting Process

by Taylor Yeazitzis, Kristin Weger, Bryan Mesmer, Joseph Clerkin and Douglas Van Bossuyt

Systems 2023, 11(10), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100499 - 28 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1312

Abstract

Many systems engineering projects begin with the involvement of stakeholders to aid in decision-making processes. As an application of systems engineering, systems architecture involves the documentation of stakeholder needs gathered via elicitation and the transformation of these needs into requirements for a system. [...] Read more.

Many systems engineering projects begin with the involvement of stakeholders to aid in decision-making processes. As an application of systems engineering, systems architecture involves the documentation of stakeholder needs gathered via elicitation and the transformation of these needs into requirements for a system. Within human–machine teaming, systems architecture allows for the creation of a system with desired characteristics elicited from stakeholders involved with the project or system. Though stakeholders can be excellent sources for expert opinion, vested interests in a project may potentially bias stakeholders and impact decision-making processes. These biases may influence the design of the system architecture, potentially resulting in a system that is developed with unbalanced and misrepresented stakeholder preferences. This paper presents an activity analysis of the Stakeholder Needs and Requirements Process as described in the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK) to identify potential biases associated with this elicitation process. As part of the research presented in this paper, a workshop was conducted where currently practicing systems architects provided feedback regarding perceptions of biases encountered during the elicitation process. The findings of this research will aid systems architects, developers, and users in understanding how biases may impact stakeholder elicitation within the architecting process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Methods for Human–Machine Teams)

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16 pages, 7490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hierarchical Coordinated Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Electric Vehicles Considering the Battery’s SOC

by Wenya Huang, Zhangyu Lu, Xu Cao and Yingjun Hou

Systems 2023, 11(10), 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100498 - 28 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 958

Abstract

This paper combines two types of energy storage components, the battery and supercapacitor (SC), to form a fully active hybrid energy storage system (HESS) as a power source for electric vehicles (EVs). At the same time, a hierarchical coordinated energy management strategy based [...] Read more.

This paper combines two types of energy storage components, the battery and supercapacitor (SC), to form a fully active hybrid energy storage system (HESS) as a power source for electric vehicles (EVs). At the same time, a hierarchical coordinated energy management strategy based on model predictive control (HCEMS-MPC) is presented. Firstly, the mathematical model of the fully active HESS is obtained based on Kirchhoff’s law and state-space modeling technology. Secondly, considering the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, a fuzzy-control-based upper-level energy management strategy (EMS) is proposed to optimize power allocation and to generate a reference current for a lower-level current controller. Then, a lower-level current predictive controller is designed to achieve accurate current tracking. Finally, a lower-level voltage sliding mode controller is designed to stabilize the bus voltage. Compared with previous works, the HCEMS-MPC strategy only needs to adjust the weight matrix and the reaching term to avoid the problem of excessive controller parameters. The simulation results, under different driving conditions, show that the HCEMS-MPC strategy has a better performance with respect to its fast response, error reduction, and robust stability. In addition, the SOC of the battery decreases more slowly, and the final SOC value significantly increases, thereby extending the single-discharge cycle time of the battery and improving the service life of the battery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Engineering)

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20 pages, 625 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Carbon Emission Efficiency through the Integration of “Two Industries”: A Measurement Based on an Evaluation Index System

by Hou Bin, Fei Liu, Yanling Zheng, Qiuru Yao and Yun Zhang

Systems 2023, 11(10), 497; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100497 - 28 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1016

Abstract

The rapid development of China’s manufacturing industry has brought about environmental problems that have aroused people’s attention to improving carbon emission efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. In this paper, 13 prefecture-level cities in Hunan Province from 2010 to 2020 were selected as research [...] Read more.

The rapid development of China’s manufacturing industry has brought about environmental problems that have aroused people’s attention to improving carbon emission efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. In this paper, 13 prefecture-level cities in Hunan Province from 2010 to 2020 were selected as research samples, and the coupling coordination degree model and super-efficiency slacks-based measure (SBM) model were used to calculate the level of integration of “two industries” (manufacturing and producer services, short for “TI”) and the efficiency of carbon emissions. Then, hypotheses are established: The integration of TI can promote the improvement of carbon emission efficiency; The integration of TI promotes technological innovation; Technological innovation can promote carbon emission efficiency; Technological innovation is an intermediary in integrating TI affecting carbon emission efficiency. By using the fixed effect model and the mediation effect test method, we empirically analyze the influence of the integration of TI on carbon emission efficiency and the mediating role of technological innovation in this process. The conclusions are as follows: the integration of TI has a significant promoting effect on carbon emission efficiency; The integration of TI improves carbon emission efficiency by promoting technological innovation, and technological innovation bears part of the intermediary effect in the process of the impact of the integration of TI on carbon emission efficiency. The policy implications for improving carbon emission efficiency are proposed based on the research results. Full article

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18 pages, 2113 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Expressway Safety Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation with AHP–Entropy Method: A Case Study of Jinliwen Expressway in Zhejiang Province, China

by Shunfeng Zhang, Xinlian Yu, Haijun Mao, Hua Yao and Peiqing Li

Systems 2023, 11(10), 496; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11100496 - 28 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1004

Abstract

To mitigate potential safety hazards during expressway operation, safety evaluation plays a crucial role. This study develops a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to assess the safety of expressway operations. First, an expressway operation safety risk assessment index system consisting of four criteria-layer indicators [...] Read more.

To mitigate potential safety hazards during expressway operation, safety evaluation plays a crucial role. This study develops a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to assess the safety of expressway operations. First, an expressway operation safety risk assessment index system consisting of four criteria-layer indicators and 10 sub-criteria layer indicators is established. Then, the comprehensive weight of each evaluation index is calculated based on the combined AHP and entropy methods. Finally, the expressway safety level is obtained by converting qualitative indicators into fuzzy sets and defining corresponding membership functions to describe their degree of membership. The evaluation model is applied to the Jinliwen Expressway in a mountainous area in Zhejiang Province, China. The results show that the method could quantitatively and comprehensively evaluate the safety status of expressways and identify the weak links of operational safety management, which can effectively improve the safety level of expressway operations. The research findings will assist decision-makers in gaining a better understanding of the safety issues of expressways and, thus, using corresponding measures to enhance the safety level of the expressway. Full article

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Systems, Volume 11, Issue 10 (October 2023) – 41 articles

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