Association of Mandibular Posterior Anatomic Limit with Skeletal Patterns and Root Morphology Using Three-Dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography Comprehensive Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statements
2.2. Study Design and Population
2.3. Imaging and Definitions
2.4. Data and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Japanese n = 49 | Egyptians n = 122 | Koreans n = 59 | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Male | 10 | 49 | 29 |
Female | 39 | 73 | 30 |
Third molars | |||
Yes | 27 | 100 | 26 |
No | 22 | 22 | 33 |
Number of roots | |||
1 | 22 | 7 | 17 |
2 | 27 | 115 | 42 |
C-shaped root | |||
Yes | 16 | 11 | 21 |
No | 33 | 111 | 38 |
Malocclusion | |||
Angle class I | 13 | 78 | 28 |
Angle class II | 31 | 23 | 7 |
Angle class III | 5 | 21 | 24 |
First Measurement | Second Measurement | p-Value | Casual Error | |
---|---|---|---|---|
A-0 | 4.515 ± 1.768 | 4.507 ± 1.857 | 0.920 | 0.369 |
A-2 | 4.100 ± 1.620 | 4.016 ± 1.673 | 0.257 | 0.327 |
A-4 | 3.770 ± 1.327 | 3.660 ± 1.323 | 0.066 | 0.270 |
A-6 | 3.345 ± 1.371 | 3.217 ± 1.438 | 0.064 | 0.311 |
B-0 | 8.240 ± 3.256 | 7.982 ± 3.138 | 0.223 | 0.940 |
B-2 | 6.935 ± 2.659 | 6.973 ± 3.061 | 0.791 | 0.635 |
B-4 | 6.060 ± 2.313 | 5.892 ± 2.332 | 0.068 | 0.414 |
B-6 | 5.100 ± 2.412 | 5.019 ± 2.382 | 0.464 | 0.490 |
Response Variable | Explanatory Variable | Β | 95% Confidence Interval for Β | β | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||||
A-0 | Age | 0.057 | −0.014 | 0.128 | 0.102 | 0.116 | |
ANB | 0.151 | 0.050 | 0.252 | 0.232 | 0.004 | ** | |
MP | −0.094 | −0.145 | −0.043 | −0.264 | 0.000 | *** | |
Sex | −0.651 | −1.324 | 0.022 | −0.123 | 0.058 | ||
Egyptian | 0.250 | −0.235 | 0.736 | 0.097 | 0.311 | ||
Korean | −0.173 | −0.512 | 0.166 | −0.088 | 0.315 | ||
Third molar | 0.797 | 0.091 | 1.502 | 0.146 | 0.027 | * | |
Number of roots, one or two | −0.071 | −1.432 | 1.290 | −0.011 | 0.919 | ||
C-shaped root | 1.024 | −0.255 | 2.304 | 0.163 | 0.116 | ||
Angle class II | −0.329 | −0.734 | 0.076 | −0.113 | 0.111 | ||
Angle class III | 0.002 | −0.291 | 0.296 | 0.001 | 0.987 | ||
A-2 | Age | 0.034 | −0.031 | 0.099 | 0.070 | 0.298 | |
ANB | 0.111 | 0.019 | 0.204 | 0.194 | 0.018 | * | |
MP | −0.073 | −0.120 | −0.026 | −0.233 | 0.002 | ** | |
Sex | −0.683 | −1.299 | −0.066 | −0.147 | 0.030 | * | |
Egyptian | 0.117 | −0.327 | 0.562 | 0.052 | 0.604 | ||
Korean | −0.184 | −0.494 | 0.126 | −0.107 | 0.243 | ||
Third molar | 0.487 | −0.159 | 1.132 | 0.102 | 0.139 | ||
Number of roots, one or two | −0.216 | −1.462 | 1.030 | −0.038 | 0.733 | ||
C-shaped root | 0.837 | −0.334 | 2.008 | 0.152 | 0.160 | ||
Angle class II | −0.207 | −0.578 | 0.163 | −0.081 | 0.271 | ||
Angle class III | −0.019 | −0.287 | 0.250 | −0.010 | 0.892 | ||
A-4 | Age | 0.034 | −0.029 | 0.096 | 0.073 | 0.289 | |
ANB | 0.090 | 0.001 | 0.179 | 0.167 | 0.047 | * | |
MP | −0.060 | −0.105 | −0.015 | −0.205 | 0.009 | ** | |
Sex | −0.560 | −1.152 | 0.033 | −0.129 | 0.064 | ||
Egyptian | 0.063 | −0.364 | 0.490 | 0.030 | 0.771 | ||
Korean | −0.145 | −0.443 | 0.153 | −0.090 | 0.339 | ||
Third molar | 0.438 | −0.182 | 1.059 | 0.098 | 0.165 | ||
Number of roots, one or two | −0.146 | −1.343 | 1.052 | −0.028 | 0.811 | ||
C-shaped root | 0.790 | −0.335 | 1.916 | 0.153 | 0.168 | ||
Angle class II | −0.098 | −0.454 | 0.258 | −0.041 | 0.588 | ||
Angle class III | −0.002 | −0.260 | 0.256 | −0.001 | 0.986 | ||
A-6 | Age | 0.010 | −0.047 | 0.067 | 0.025 | 0.724 | |
ANB | 0.067 | −0.014 | 0.148 | 0.139 | 0.105 | ||
MP | −0.050 | −0.091 | −0.009 | −0.191 | 0.016 | * | |
Sex | −0.298 | −0.839 | 0.243 | −0.076 | 0.279 | ||
Egyptian | 0.024 | −0.366 | 0.414 | 0.012 | 0.905 | ||
Korean | −0.155 | −0.427 | 0.117 | −0.107 | 0.262 | ||
Third molar | 0.314 | −0.253 | 0.881 | 0.078 | 0.276 | ||
Number of roots, one or two | 0.174 | −0.919 | 1.268 | 0.037 | 0.754 | ||
C-shaped root | 0.915 | −0.113 | 1.942 | 0.197 | 0.081 | ||
Angle class II | 0.108 | −0.217 | 0.433 | 0.050 | 0.512 | ||
Angle class III | 0.058 | −0.177 | 0.294 | 0.038 | 0.627 |
Response Variable | Explanatory Variable | Β | 95% Confidence Interval for β | β | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||||
B-0 | Age | 0.092 | −0.033 | 0.218 | 0.092 | 0.149 | |
ANB | 0.225 | 0.045 | 0.404 | 0.192 | 0.014 | * | |
MP | −0.147 | −0.237 | −0.056 | −0.229 | 0.002 | ** | |
Sex | −1.138 | −2.334 | 0.058 | −0.120 | 0.062 | ||
Egyptian | 1.014 | 0.152 | 1.877 | 0.219 | 0.021 | * | |
Korean | −0.090 | −0.692 | 0.512 | −0.025 | 0.769 | ||
Third molar | 1.702 | 0.449 | 2.955 | 0.174 | 0.008 | ** | |
Number of roots, one or two | 0.161 | −2.257 | 2.579 | 0.014 | 0.895 | ||
C-shaped root | 1.892 | −0.380 | 4.165 | 0.168 | 0.102 | ||
Angle class II | −0.400 | −1.119 | 0.319 | −0.076 | 0.274 | ||
Angle class III | 0.199 | −0.322 | 0.720 | 0.053 | 0.452 | ||
B-2 | Age | 0.060 | −0.048 | 0.169 | 0.071 | 0.274 | |
ANB | 0.216 | 0.062 | 0.371 | 0.219 | 0.006 | ** | |
MP | −0.131 | −0.210 | −0.053 | −0.243 | 0.001 | ** | |
Sex | 1.048 | 0.015 | 2.081 | 0.131 | 0.047 | * | |
Egyptian | 1.275 | −0.215 | 2.765 | 0.163 | 0.093 | ||
Korean | −0.278 | −1.837 | 1.281 | −0.031 | 0.725 | ||
Third molar | 1.234 | 0.151 | 2.316 | 0.149 | 0.026 | * | |
Number of roots, one or two | 0.419 | −1.669 | 2.508 | 0.043 | 0.693 | ||
C-shaped root | 1.819 | −0.143 | 3.782 | 0.191 | 0.069 | ||
Angle class II | −0.361 | −1.602 | 0.881 | −0.041 | 0.567 | ||
Angle class III | 0.500 | −0.850 | 1.851 | 0.053 | 0.466 | ||
B-4 | Age | 0.049 | −0.048 | 0.145 | 0.067 | 0.320 | |
ANB | 0.168 | 0.031 | 0.305 | 0.198 | 0.017 | * | |
MP | −0.109 | −0.179 | −0.040 | −0.236 | 0.002 | ** | |
Sex | 0.786 | −0.129 | 1.701 | 0.114 | 0.092 | ||
Egyptian | 0.560 | −0.759 | 1.879 | 0.084 | 0.404 | ||
Korean | −0.498 | −1.878 | 0.883 | −0.065 | 0.478 | ||
Third molar | 0.895 | −0.063 | 1.854 | 0.126 | 0.067 | ||
Number of roots, one or two | 0.552 | −1.298 | 2.401 | 0.066 | 0.557 | ||
C-shaped root | 1.834 | 0.096 | 3.573 | 0.225 | 0.039 | * | |
Angle class II | −0.306 | −1.405 | 0.794 | −0.040 | 0.584 | ||
Angle class III | 0.420 | −0.776 | 1.616 | 0.052 | 0.490 | ||
B-6 | Age | 0.035 | −0.051 | 0.122 | 0.056 | 0.421 | |
ANB | 0.074 | −0.050 | 0.197 | 0.099 | 0.240 | ||
MP | −0.085 | −0.148 | −0.023 | −0.210 | 0.007 | ** | |
Sex | 0.503 | −0.321 | 1.326 | 0.083 | 0.230 | ||
Egyptian | 0.352 | −0.836 | 1.540 | 0.060 | 0.560 | ||
Korean | −0.482 | −1.725 | 0.761 | −0.072 | 0.446 | ||
Third molar | 0.818 | −0.045 | 1.681 | 0.131 | 0.063 | ||
Number of roots, one or two | 0.368 | −1.297 | 2.033 | 0.050 | 0.664 | ||
C-shaped root | 1.747 | 0.182 | 3.313 | 0.244 | 0.029 | * | |
Angle class II | 0.270 | −0.720 | 1.260 | 0.041 | 0.591 | ||
Angle class III | 0.125 | −0.952 | 1.202 | 0.017 | 0.820 |
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Iguchi, K.; Kim, Y.-I.; Adel, M.; Nadim, M.; Hatanaka, R.; Koizumi, S.; Yamaguchi, T. Association of Mandibular Posterior Anatomic Limit with Skeletal Patterns and Root Morphology Using Three-Dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography Comprehensive Analysis. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 3019. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123019
Iguchi K, Kim Y-I, Adel M, Nadim M, Hatanaka R, Koizumi S, Yamaguchi T. Association of Mandibular Posterior Anatomic Limit with Skeletal Patterns and Root Morphology Using Three-Dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography Comprehensive Analysis. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(12):3019. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123019
Chicago/Turabian StyleIguchi, Keiichiro, Yong-Il Kim, Mohamed Adel, Mohamed Nadim, Reina Hatanaka, So Koizumi, and Tetsutaro Yamaguchi. 2022. "Association of Mandibular Posterior Anatomic Limit with Skeletal Patterns and Root Morphology Using Three-Dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography Comprehensive Analysis" Diagnostics 12, no. 12: 3019. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123019