Salinity and Heavy Metal Tolerance, and Phytoextraction Potential of Ranunculus sceleratus Plants from a Sandy Coastal Beach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Experiments
2.2. Plant Establishment and Cultivation
2.3. Treatments
2.4. Termination of Experiments and Measurements
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Experiment 1: NaCl Gradient
3.2. Experiment 2: Na+ and K+ Salts
3.3. Experiment 3: Heavy Metals
3.4. Experiment 4: Forms of Pb Salts
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experiment No. | Description | Treatments (Final Concentrations in Substrate) | Duration of Experiment |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Effect of NaCl gradient | NaCl (equivalent to 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 g L−1 Na+) | Treatment phase 3 weeks, cultivation phase 5 weeks |
2 | Effect of different Na+ and K+ salts | NaCl, NaNO3, NaNO2, Na2CO3 (equivalent to 4.0 g L−1 Na+); KCl, KNO3, KNO2, K2CO3 (equivalent to 6.8 g L−1 K+) | Treatment phase 2 weeks, cultivation phase 5 weeks |
3 | Comparison of heavy metal tolerance and accumulation | MnSO4 (equivalent to 200, 500, 1000 mg L−1 Mn), CdSO4 (equivalent to 5, 20, 100 mg L−1 Cd), ZnSO4 (equivalent to 200, 500, 1000 mg L−1 Zn), Pb(NO3)2 (equivalent to 100, 200, 500 mg L−1 Pb) | Treatment phase 2 weeks, cultivation phase 5 weeks |
4 | Comparison of Pb nitrate and acetate | Pb(NO3)2, Pb(CH3COO)2 (equivalent to 200, 500, 1000 mg L−1 Pb) | Treatment phase 2 weeks, cultivation phase 7 weeks |
Na+ (g L−1) | Roots | Rosette Leaf Petioles | Rosette Leaf Blades | Stem | Stem Leaves | Flowers |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.05 | 174 | 107 | 93 | 91 | 43 | 43 |
0.1 | 121 | 68 | 59 | 56 | 27 | 22 |
0.2 | 96 | 43 | 35 | 39 | 15 | 18 |
0.5 | 25 | 24 | 15 | 18 | 7 | 7 |
1 | 13 | 23 | 11 | 14 | 8 | 6 |
2 | 8 | 14 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 5 |
5 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 3 |
10 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 5 | 3 |
Metal | Concentration (mg L−1) | Roots | Leaves | Stem | Flowers |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mn | 200 | 3.3 | 18.3 | 6.0 | 3.6 |
500 | 2.5 | 14.1 | 5.4 | 3.6 | |
1000 | 1.5 | 7.5 | 3.2 | 2.0 | |
Cd | 5 | 20.0 | 1.8 | 0.10 | 0.33 |
20 | 6.9 | 1.0 | 0.08 | 0.38 | |
100 | 6.8 | 0.8 | 0.05 | 0.24 | |
Zn | 200 | 19.7 | 6.7 | 2.8 | 1.76 |
500 | 11.7 | 11.0 | 1.9 | 0.96 | |
1000 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 2.3 | 0.44 | |
Pb | 100 | 6.0 | 2.3 | 0.16 | 0.03 |
200 | 3.9 | 1.7 | 0.12 | 0.01 | |
500 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 0.09 | 0.02 |
Salt | Concentration (mg L−1) | Roots | Small Leaves | Rosette Leaves | Stem | Stem Leaves | Flowers |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pb nitrate | 200 | 4.2 | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.06 |
500 | 4.0 | 0.77 | 0.48 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
1000 | 3.7 | 0.66 | 0.40 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.02 | |
Pb acetate | 200 | 4.1 | 1.25 | 1.83 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.09 |
500 | 3.4 | 1.11 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 | |
1000 | 3.1 | 2.37 | 0.95 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.01 |
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Ievinsh, G.; Landorfa-Svalbe, Z.; Andersone-Ozola, U.; Karlsons, A.; Osvalde, A. Salinity and Heavy Metal Tolerance, and Phytoextraction Potential of Ranunculus sceleratus Plants from a Sandy Coastal Beach. Life 2022, 12, 1959. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12121959
Ievinsh G, Landorfa-Svalbe Z, Andersone-Ozola U, Karlsons A, Osvalde A. Salinity and Heavy Metal Tolerance, and Phytoextraction Potential of Ranunculus sceleratus Plants from a Sandy Coastal Beach. Life. 2022; 12(12):1959. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12121959
Chicago/Turabian StyleIevinsh, Gederts, Zaiga Landorfa-Svalbe, Una Andersone-Ozola, Andis Karlsons, and Anita Osvalde. 2022. "Salinity and Heavy Metal Tolerance, and Phytoextraction Potential of Ranunculus sceleratus Plants from a Sandy Coastal Beach" Life 12, no. 12: 1959. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12121959