Effect of Residual Stresses on Wheel Fatigue Life and Experimental Validation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Steel Rim-Roll-Forming Simulation
2.1. Rim-Roll-Forming Model Construction
2.2. Residual Stress Field Analysis of Rim-Roll Forming
2.3. Residual Stress Measurement of Rim-Rolling Forming
3. Stress Field Analysis of Rim in Turning Condition
3.1. Construction of Steel Wheel Turning Mode Model
3.2. Analysis of Stress Field under Turning Condition
3.2.1. Nominal Stress Field of Rim Wheel
3.2.2. Rim Wheel Actual Service Stress Field
4. Validation of the New Prediction Method
4.1. Local Stress–Strain Fatigue Life Prediction Method
4.2. Fatigue Life Prediction Results and Experimental Verification
5. Conclusions
- The residual stresses in the wheel rim after roll forming can cause a significant change in the service stress state of the wheel, resulting in a significant increase in local stress, from 124 MPa to 332.9 MPa. It significantly reduces the service life of steel rims. Considering the residual stress of rim rolling has an important effect on the structure design, analysis, and life prediction.
- The modified local stress–strain equation was applied to predict the fatigue life of a rim with superimposed roll-forming residual and nominal stresses versus a rim without considering residual stresses. The calculated fatigue life was reduced from 158,340,000 to 459,500 cycles, which shows that the residual stress generated by manufacturing is not negligible for the product.
- The wheel dynamic turning fatigue test showed fatigue cracks at the bottom of the rim groove, which was consistent with the simulation results. The average fatigue life was 384,000 cycles, and the fatigue life deviation of the rim after superimposing the roll-forming residual stress reduced from 41,134.4% to 19.7%. It shows that the life prediction method of this paper is accurate and effective.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measure Points | Point 1 | Point 2 | Point 3 | Point 4 | Point 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
y-axis (MPa) | −53 ± 18.7 | −38 ± 5.2 | 731 ± 3.4 | 173 ± 15.4 | 202 ± 20.6 |
x-axis (MPa) | −102 ± 21.5 | −67 ± 16.4 | −8 ± 23.1 | −38 ± 12.2 | −82 ± 8.1 |
Failure Location | Fatigue Life (Cycles) | Deviation (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Residual stress-free life simulation | Bottom area of the trench | 158,340,000 | 41,134.4 |
With residual stress–life simulation | Bottom area of the trench | 459,500 | 19.7 |
Fatigue test | Bottom area of the trench | 384,000 | - |
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Jiang, Q.; Zhao, Z.; Xu, Z.; Sun, J.; Chen, X.; Su, B.; Zhao, Z.; Jiang, W. Effect of Residual Stresses on Wheel Fatigue Life and Experimental Validation. Machines 2022, 10, 924. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10100924
Jiang Q, Zhao Z, Xu Z, Sun J, Chen X, Su B, Zhao Z, Jiang W. Effect of Residual Stresses on Wheel Fatigue Life and Experimental Validation. Machines. 2022; 10(10):924. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10100924
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Qingshan, Zhiwen Zhao, Zhilong Xu, Jie Sun, Xiuyu Chen, Bosheng Su, Zhenye Zhao, and Wanbiao Jiang. 2022. "Effect of Residual Stresses on Wheel Fatigue Life and Experimental Validation" Machines 10, no. 10: 924. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10100924