Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Safety Analysis of Superficial Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated with Definitive or Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Treatment
2.3. Patient Follow-Up and Endpoint
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Survival Analysis
3.3. Failure Patterns
3.4. Toxicities
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total | ER + RT/CCRT (n = 18) | RT/CCRT (n = 37) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 69.0 (51.0, 83.0) | 62.0 (51.0, 74.0) | 69.0 (52.0, 83.0) | 0.002 |
Tumor length in EUS (cm) | 3.0 (1.0, 10.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) | 3.5 (1.0, 10.0) | 0.125 |
Tumor length in gastroscope (cm) | 3.0 (1.0, 18.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 7.0) | 4.0 (1.0, 18.0) | 0.017 |
Tumor length in GTV-t (cm) | 7.5 (4.0, 19.0) | - | 7.5 (4.0, 19.0) | - |
Tumor length in GTV-tb (cm) | 8.3 (4.5, 10.5) | 8.3 (4.5, 10.5) | - | - |
PGTV-t dose (Gy) | 59.4 (55.0, 63.6) | 59.4 (56.0, 59.4) | 59.4 (55.0, 63.6) | 0.730 |
PTV dose (Gy) | 50.4 (45.0, 54.0) | 50.4 (50.0, 50.4) | 50.4 (45.0, 54.0) | 0.742 |
The interval between ER and RT/CCRT(day) | 44 (20, 66) | 44 (20, 66) | - | - |
Sex | ||||
Male | 39 (70.9) | 14 (77.8) | 25 (67.6) | 0.434 |
Female | 16 (29.1) | 4 (22.2) | 12 (32.4) | |
Basic diseases | ||||
None | 37 (58.7) | 14 (73.7) | 23 (52.3) | 0.467 |
Hypertension | 8 (12.7) | 1 (5.3) | 7 (15.9) | |
COPD | 3 (4.8) | 0(0) | 3 (6.8) | |
Diabetes | 5 (7.9) | 2 (10.5) | 3 (6.8) | |
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases | 7 (11.1) | 1 (5.3) | 6 (13.6) | |
Others | 3 (4.8) | 1 (5.3) | 2 (4.5) | |
Alcohol abuse | 0.196 | |||
No | 37 (67.3) | 10 (55.6) | 27 (73.0) | |
Yes | 18 (32.7) | 8 (44.4) | 10 (27.0) | |
Smoke | 0.214 | |||
No | 28 (50.9) | 7 (38.9) | 21 (56.8) | |
Yes | 27 (49.1) | 11 (61.1) | 16 (43.2) | |
KPS | 0.022 | |||
80 | 21 (38.2) | 3 (16.7) | 18 (48.6) | |
90 | 34 (61.8) | 15 (83.3) | 19 (51.5) | |
Single or multiple primary tumors | 0.943 | |||
Single | 44 (80.0) | 15 (83.3) | 29 (78.4) | |
Multiple | 11 (20.0) | 3 (16.7) | 8 (21.6) | |
Tumor stage | <0.001 | |||
Tis | 3 (5.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (8.1) | |
T1a | 9 (16.4) | 2 (11.1) | 7 (18.9) | |
T1b | 26 (47.3) | 16 (88.9) | 10 (27.0) | |
Unknown T1 substage | 17 (30.9) | 0 (0) | 17 (45.9) | |
Main tumor location | 0.653 | |||
Upper thoracic | 4 (7.3) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (5.4) | |
Middle thoracic | 35 (63.6) | 10 (55.5) | 25 (67.6) | |
Lower thoracic | 16 (29.1) | 6 (33.3) | 10 (27.0) |
T Stage | ER + RT/CCRT (n = 18) | RT/CCRT (n = 37) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Reasons | n | Reasons | n | |
Tis (n = 3) | 0 | Not suitable for surgery | 2 | |
Refused surgery | 1 | |||
T1a (n = 9) | Vascular invasion | 2 | Not suitable for surgery | 7 |
T1b (n = 26) | Submucosal invasion with a positive margin | 3 | Not suitable for surgery | 8 |
Submucosal invasion with a close margin | 1 | Refused surgery | 2 | |
Submucosal invasion | 12 | |||
Unknown T1 substage (n = 17) | 0 | Not suitable for surgery | 17 |
Failure Patterns | Total (n = 55) | ER + RT/CCRT (n = 18) | RT/CCRT (n = 37) |
---|---|---|---|
In field local failure | 3 (5.5) | 1 (5.6) | 2 (5.4) |
Out-field local failure | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Regional recurrence | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Metastasis | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.7) |
Death | 6 (10.9) | 1 (5.6) | 5 (13.5) |
Toxic Effects | Total (n = 55) | ER + RT/CCRT (n = 18) | RT/CCRT (n = 37) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grade 1–2 | Grade 3 | Grade 1–2 | Grade 3 | Grade 1–2 | Grade 3 | |
Acute | ||||||
Esophagitis | 41 (74.5) | 4 (7.3) | 10 (55.6) | 2 (11.1) | 31 (83.8) | 2 (5.4) |
Myelosuppression | 27 (49.1) | 2 (3.6) | 9 (50.0) | 1 (5.6) | 18 (48.6) | 1 (2.7) |
Radiation pneumonitis | 10 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (22.2) | 0 (0) | 6 (16.2) | 0 (0) |
Esophageal fistula | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Late | ||||||
Esophageal stricture | 15 (27.3) | 6 (10.9) | 7 (38.9) | 2 (11.1) | 8 (21.6) | 4 (10.8) |
Pericardial effusion | 6 (10.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (10.8) | 0 (0) |
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Lyu, B.; Yin, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Yang, X.; Gong, J.; Zhang, M.; Chai, G.; Li, Z.; Shi, M.; Hui, Z.; et al. Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Safety Analysis of Superficial Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated with Definitive or Adjuvant Radiotherapy. Cancers 2022, 14, 3423. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143423
Lyu B, Yin Y, Zhao Y, Yang X, Gong J, Zhang M, Chai G, Li Z, Shi M, Hui Z, et al. Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Safety Analysis of Superficial Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated with Definitive or Adjuvant Radiotherapy. Cancers. 2022; 14(14):3423. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143423
Chicago/Turabian StyleLyu, Bo, Yutian Yin, Yilin Zhao, Xu Yang, Jie Gong, Mai Zhang, Guangjin Chai, Zhaohui Li, Mei Shi, Zhouguang Hui, and et al. 2022. "Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Safety Analysis of Superficial Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated with Definitive or Adjuvant Radiotherapy" Cancers 14, no. 14: 3423. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143423