Nanomedicine in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Status and Future Opportunities for Overcoming Therapy Resistance
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Advantages of Nanoparticle-Based Therapies
3. Addressing Therapy Resistance in PaCa Using Nanoparticle-Based Platforms
3.1. Alterations in Drug Transport
3.2. Hypoimmunogenicity
3.3. Stromal Desmoplasia
3.3.1. Physical Barriers
3.3.2. Biological Barriers Leading to Immunosuppression
3.4. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)
3.5. Altered Physiology
3.6. Metabolic Factors
3.7. Suboptimal Receptor Agonism
3.8. Antiapoptotic Proteins
4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Greene, M.K.; Johnston, M.C.; Scott, C.J. Nanomedicine in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Status and Future Opportunities for Overcoming Therapy Resistance. Cancers 2021, 13, 6175. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13246175
Greene MK, Johnston MC, Scott CJ. Nanomedicine in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Status and Future Opportunities for Overcoming Therapy Resistance. Cancers. 2021; 13(24):6175. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13246175
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreene, Michelle K., Michael C. Johnston, and Christopher J. Scott. 2021. "Nanomedicine in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Status and Future Opportunities for Overcoming Therapy Resistance" Cancers 13, no. 24: 6175. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13246175