Associations between Perinatal Sleepiness and Breastfeeding Intentions and Attitudes and Infant Feeding Behaviors and Beliefs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Data Collection and Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics
3.2. Excessive Sleepiness
3.3. Breastfeeding Intent, Initiation and Continuation
3.4. Associations between Excessive Sleepiness and Breastfeeding Intent, Initiation, and Continuation
3.5. Associations between Excessive Sleepiness in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Attitudes
3.6. Associations between Excessive Postpartum Sleepiness and Other Infant Feeding Practices
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n (%) | |
---|---|
Overall | 399 (100) |
Age | |
<21 years | 112 (28) |
21–25 years | 151 (38) |
>25 years | 136 (34) |
Race/ethnicity | |
White, non-Hispanic | 160 (41) |
Black, non-Hispanic | 53 (13) |
Hispanic | 109 (27) |
Other/more than one 1 | 77 (19) |
Education | |
Less than high school | 144 (36) |
High-school graduate/GED | 142 (36) |
Some college/technical school | 109 (28) |
Employment status | |
Full time | 87 (22) |
Part time | 90 (23) |
Not employed | 186 (47) |
Other | 35 (9) |
Annual household income | |
<$10,000 USD | 165 (48) |
$10,000–30,000 USD | 129 (37) |
>$30,000 USD | 51 (15) |
Marital status | |
Married or cohabitating | 184 (47) |
Not married or cohabitating | 212 (54) |
Parity | |
Previous live births | 185 (50) |
No previous live births | 184 (50) |
n (%) | |
---|---|
Breastfeeding intentions during pregnancy | |
Feeding intentions at baseline (12–16 weeks gest.) | |
Considering breastfeeding | 277 (76) |
Not considering breastfeeding | 88 (24) |
Feeding intentions at 32 weeks gest. | |
Considering breastfeeding | 303 (76) |
Not considering breastfeeding | 96 (24) |
Breastfeeding attitudes during pregnancy | |
Breastfeeding attitudes at baseline (12–16 weeks gest.) | |
Overall Mitra index 1 | 0.65 (0.64) |
Knowledge subscale 1 | 0.75 (0.84) |
Self-efficacy subscale 1 | 0.87 (1.02) |
Embarrassment barriers subscale 1 | −0.12 (1.12) |
Social and time barriers subscale 1 | 0.95 (0.84) |
Social support barriers subscale 1 | 0.90 (0.86) |
Breastfeeding attitudes at 32 weeks gest. | |
Overall Mitra index 1 | 0.77 (0.64) |
Knowledge subscale 1 | 0.92 (0.81) |
Self-efficacy subscale 1 | 0.89 (1.04) |
Embarrassment barriers subscale 1 | 0.04 (1.17) |
Social and time barriers subscale 1 | 1.08 (1.08) |
Social support barriers subscale 1 | 1.01 (0.87) |
Breastfeeding behavior | |
Breastfeeding initiation | |
Yes (exclusive or partial breastfeeding) | 209 (61) |
No (formula-feeding only) | 134 (39) |
Breastfeeding at 12 weeks | |
Yes (exclusive or partial breastfeeding) | 82 (25) |
No (formula-feeding only) | 244 (75) |
Breastfeeding at 6 months | |
Yes (exclusive or partial breastfeeding) | 33 (10) |
No (formula-feeding only) | 310 (90) |
Infant feeding practices and beliefs at 6 months | |
Concern About Infant Undereating or Becoming Underweight 1 | 3.24 (0.76) |
Concern About Infant’s Hunger 1 | 2.55 (1.14) |
Awareness of Infant’s Hunger and Satiety Cues 1 | 0.19 (0.41) |
Concern About Infant Overeating or Becoming Overweight 1 | 3.19 (0.86) |
Feeding Infant on a Schedule 1 | 2.55 (1.20) |
Using Food to Calm Infant’s Fussiness 1 | 2.10 (1.05) |
Social Interaction with the Infant During Feeding 1 | 0.61 (0.72) |
Unadjusted OR [95% CI] | Adjusted 1 OR [95% CI] | |
---|---|---|
Excessive sleepiness early pregnancy with… | ||
Breastfeeding intention (12–16 weeks) | 1.32 [0.70, 2.46] | 1.47 [0.71, 3.06] |
Breastfeeding initiation | 1.01 [0.59, 1.75] | 1.04 [0.55, 1.97] |
Breastfeeding at 12 weeks | 0.95 [0.46, 1.95] | 0.74 [0.33, 1.68] |
Breastfeeding at 6 months | 0.90 [0.34, 2.34] | 0.95 [0.32, 2.83] |
Excessive sleepiness late pregnancy with... | ||
Breastfeeding intention (32 weeks) | 0.86 [0.48, 1.54] | 0.85 [0.44, 1.66] |
Breastfeeding initiation | 0.86 [0.48, 1.53] | 0.93 [0.47, 1.83] |
Breastfeeding at 12 weeks | 1.56 [0.73, 3.33] | 1.55 [0.68, 3.55] |
Breastfeeding at 6 months | 1.23 [0.46, 3.25] | 0.92 [0.28, 3.01] |
Ex. sleepiness at 6 months postpartum with... | ||
Breastfeeding at 6 months | 1.07 [0.29, 3.94] | 0.44 [0.06, 3.65] |
Unadjusted β [95% CI] | Adjusted 1 β [95% CI] | |
---|---|---|
Early pregnancy (12–16 weeks gestation) | ||
Overall Mitra index | 0.03 [−0.13, 0.18] | 0.03 [−0.13, 0.20] |
Mitra index subscales | ||
Knowledge | 0.06 [−0.14, 0.27] | 0.11 [−0.12, 0.33] |
Self-efficacy | −0.02 [−0.27, 0.23] | 0.06 [−0.21, 0.32] |
Embarrassment barriers | 0.15 [−0.12, 0.43] | 0.12 [−0.18, 0.41] |
Social and time barriers | −0.10 [−0.30, 0.11] | −0.12 [−0.34, 0.10] |
Social support barriers | 0.03 [−0.18, 0.24] | 0.03 [−0.19, 0.25] |
Late Pregnancy (32 weeks gestation) | ||
Overall Mitra index | −0.18 [−0.34, −0.01] * | −0.19 [−0.36, −0.02] * |
Mitra index subscales | ||
Knowledge | −0.02 [−0.23, 0.19] | 0.02 [−0.20, 0.24] |
Self-efficacy | −0.25 [−0.52, 0.01] | −0.19 [−0.47, 0.09] |
Embarrassment barriers | −0.40 [−0.70, −0.10] * | −0.55 [−0.87, −0.24] * |
Social and time barriers | −0.21 [−0.41, −0.01] * | −0.19 [−0.40, 0.03] |
Social support barriers | 0.02 [−0.21, 0.24] | 0.03 [−0.20, 0.26] |
Unadjusted β [95% CI] | Adjusted 1 β [95% CI] | |
---|---|---|
Concern About Infant Undereating or Becoming Underweight | −0.11 [−0.38, 0.17] | −0.12 [−0.41, 0.17] |
Concern About Infant’s Hunger | 0.01 [−0.41, 0.42] | −0.08 [−0.34, 0.51] |
Awareness of Infant’s Hunger and Satiety Cues | −0.09 [−.24, 0.05] | −0.13 [−0.28, 0.03] |
Concern About Infant Overeating or Becoming Overweight | −0.17 [−0.49, 0.14] | −0.19 [−0.52, 0.14] |
Feeding Infant on a Schedule | 0.15 [−.28, 0.59] | 0.15 [−0.29, 0.59] |
Using Food to Calm Infant’s Fussiness | −0.39 [−0.77, −0.02] * | −0.33 [−0.73, 0.06] |
Social Interaction with the Infant During Feeding | −0.09 [−0.35, 0.17] | −0.16 [−0.42, 0.11] |
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von Ash, T.; Alikhani, A.; Sharkey, K.M.; Solano, P.; Morales Aquino, M.; Markham Risica, P. Associations between Perinatal Sleepiness and Breastfeeding Intentions and Attitudes and Infant Feeding Behaviors and Beliefs. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3435. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153435
von Ash T, Alikhani A, Sharkey KM, Solano P, Morales Aquino M, Markham Risica P. Associations between Perinatal Sleepiness and Breastfeeding Intentions and Attitudes and Infant Feeding Behaviors and Beliefs. Nutrients. 2023; 15(15):3435. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153435
Chicago/Turabian Stylevon Ash, Tayla, Anna Alikhani, Katherine M. Sharkey, Paola Solano, Melanie Morales Aquino, and Patricia Markham Risica. 2023. "Associations between Perinatal Sleepiness and Breastfeeding Intentions and Attitudes and Infant Feeding Behaviors and Beliefs" Nutrients 15, no. 15: 3435. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153435