Next Article in Journal
A Study on the Deployment of Mesoscale Chemical Hazard Area Monitoring Points by Combining Weighting and Fireworks Algorithms
Next Article in Special Issue
Competition between Green and Non-Green Travel Companies: The Role of Governmental Subsidies in Green Travel
Previous Article in Journal
Pollution and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Rivers in a Northeastern Chinese City: Implications for Continuous Rainfall Events
Previous Article in Special Issue
Internet, Green Innovation and Industrial Upgrading
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Sustainability
Volume 15
Issue 7
10.3390/su15075778
sustainability-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles thumb_up
...
Endorse textsms
...
Comment
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

A Bibliometric Analysis of Green Bonds and Sustainable Green Energy: Evidence from the Last Fifteen Years (2007–2022)

by
Ayman Abdalmajeed Alsmadi
1,
Manaf Al-Okaily
2,*,
Najed Alrawashdeh
3,
Anwar Al-Gasaymeh
4,
Amer Moh’d Al-hazimeh
5 and
Abdulrasheed Zakari
6,7,*
1
Faculty of Business, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
2
School of Business, Jadara University, Irbid 21110, Jordan
3
Faculty of Business, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
4
Faculty of Business, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
5
School of Business, Al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan
6
School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
7
Alma Mater Europaea ECM, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2023, 15(7), 5778; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075778
Submission received: 24 October 2022 / Revised: 7 December 2022 / Accepted: 8 March 2023 / Published: 27 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Innovations and the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
Organizations are shifting their focus towards utilizing green energy in the business process to enhance environmental sustainability. Similar to other business roles, the managerial team in the financial sector has also engaged in environment-friendly operations. A green bond is a new financial approach integrating the protection of the ecosystem into economic profits. This paper analyzes green bonds’ intellectual structure, publication, and networking. The bibliometric statistics utilized in the green bonds emerged from the Scopus database. The research examines published works from the most resourceful nations, institutions of higher learning, scholars, and high-profile publications on green bonds. Additionally, the study maps bibliographic coupling and co-citation to visualize the knowledge network.

1. Introduction

Rapid and uncontrolled eco-unfriendly human activities have contributed to climate change and other negative implications on the ecosystem. The critical issue of our time is discovering how to ensure a prosperous economy without adverse impacts on the ecological systems. Recently, countries and non-governmental agencies global have made great efforts to invest in environment-friendly business processes [1]. However, insufficient funding necessary to mitigate the incumbent climate change has slowed the process [2].
A green bond is a mechanism that combines finance and business with an environmentally friendly attitude from stakeholders, including investors, manufacturers, consumers, and financial institutions [3,4]. In contrast to the old financial measures, green bond emphasizes the benefits of the natural environment and pays more attention to environmental protection when climate change is a problem for mankind, and the concerned countries’ parties are required to maintain sustainable development for a healthy and environmentally friendly economy [5]. In line with this, the Paris Agreement at the global level endorsed the idea of drastic reduction in global emissions to mitigate the climate risk [6].
The efforts of the World Bank to mitigate the climate changes in the developing and recently developed countries could present a double increment in the current USD 100 billion fund annually [7]. Thus, diverse funding foundations to curb the adverse effects of climate change are essential. Current financial methods have been invented to facilitate the growing demand to invest in eco-friendly energy sources. Approximately 60% of green bond annual market growth and increased funding for global environment protection projects have been recorded [8,9,10,11].
A green bond maintains debt security that the bank issues to raise capital that can effectively support the climatic change and other environmental programs [12]. Labelled green bonds are officially advertised as ‘green’. Those issuing the bonds indicate the categories of schemes they are targeting and regularly print the bond progress to the investors. The unlabeled green bonds have no official green tags even though they are offered by either the wind or lunar energy industries. Green bond sponsors developments are associated with clean energy and reduced levels of carbon transport [13,14,15]. Up to two-thirds of emerging green bonds were issued by non-multilateral development banks in 2014 [11,16,17,18]. It attracted many investors such as executive asset teams, pension-funding firms, religious groups, and non-profit organizations.
Since conventional investors viewed environmental projects as extremely risky and non-profitable [19], green bonds did not capture much interest among many investors during the 2008 financial crisis [20]. On the contrary, green bond issuing has met exponential growth after the crisis due to the improved creation of awareness and increased knowledge among the conventional investors regarding the merits of green investments [21], plus underlying negative implications of the changes in climate on monetary assets [22,23,24,25,26,27].
The research focuses on two critical objectives of analyzing the in-depth structure of green bonds that revolve around the publication figures, several citations, co-citations, and bibliographical connections. Secondly, the research issues a suggestion on the future research factors and other critical agenda concerning the green bonds.
The targets mentioned above fit in given phases, with the phase that analyzes publications and relevant citations ranging between 2007 and 2022. In addition, the worldwide view evaluates the states with some necessary codes of documentation and sources of references. The paper list also includes top active universities and other relevant institutions. Additionally, it recognizes the leading journals and lists of the most celebrated writers according to the publication and citation information. Moroever, evaluate how the research relates to the states and the writers based on the bibliometric coupling and co-citation evaluations. Lastly, the study suggests future potential research themes for the green bond according to the presented data.
The key contributions of this research entail the presentation of a basic summary of the critical geographical localities, institutional profiles, journals, writers, the most cited publications and the general goals for the research revolving around the green bonds. In addition, it stands a chance of playing a role in location determinations that could further enable universities to conduct their research efficiently. Furthermore, the analysis allows policymakers to acknowledge the top-performing states in green bonds, improve the understanding of the ecosystem, and guide their development efforts and further research. More significantly, it recommends a research plan recognizing the opportunities and challenges that call for future analysis and investigations.

2. Literature Review

A green bond serves as security for a debt incurred in supporting a sustainable ecosystem through climate change mitigation. Such bonds can be issued by financial agencies, sovereigns, corporates, or municipalities. Whenever a bond is labelled “green”, proceeds for specific projects must be established. The World Bank became the first institution to issue a green bond, raising funds from fixed-income investors to support lending for eligible climate-focused projects in 2007 [8]. In fact, however, the green bond had received earlier attention from researchers since 2007. Eventually, more banks and other money-lending institutions and financial corporations embraced green bonds in 2013, and three years later, USD 81 billion green bonds had been published [28]. This move amounted for green bonds worth USD 166 billion [29,30].
The more developed technique on green bond reported by ref. [31] highlights the issue of volatility of the green bond, and this is considered the first empirical study on the volatility of market; it found there was more volatility in the label green bond segment when spillover effects were taken into account, as opposed to conventional bond markets. Thus, the contribution of this work to the initial growth of the market hence laid a following step for future studies. Since then, a number of researchers have taken into account the market volatility and have investigated this issue seriously, where market volatility can contribute to this body of knowledge by assuming the green bond as a risk alleviating tool [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]. It is being noted that the focus of the existing literature on green bond market and the benefits to investors through the diversification of portfolio gives an opportunity to investors to consider a proper strategy for trading with a better understanding of this green bond [40,41,42,43,44,45,46].
More attention is being given by researchers to the perceived behavior of the stock market towards eco-friendly tools. The other facets of the previous studies regarded stock market reactions to green bond publication and achieved the distribution of positive feedbacks from the market, strongly justifying that the market responds positively towards issuance with a signing quality of issuers for their environmental commitments, which further enhanced the issuance quality of green bond [47,48,49,50,51,52,53]. The fact that the majority of the previous studies completed from the demand side of green bond was well-observed, whereas only partial studies have examined green bond market from the supply-side perspective [54,55,56,57,58,59].
Due to the fast-growing attention in green bond return as compared to convention bonds, major aspects of the literature have focused on the “Green-bond” and the difference in yield between green and conventional bond [60,61,62,63,64,65], where robust evidence on the “Greenium” exists regarding the lower yield on green bond against conventional bond [66,67,68,69,70,71,72]. In the view of green bond and its impact on environmental performance, the previous studies shed light on the activities of ESG which determined the favorable benefits [73,74,75,76,77,78]. Instability was witnessed by global financial markets due to the pandemic; the most recent studies were focused on the green bond and its behavior with other forms of markets. It is likely noted that the green bond is termed a better investment avenue for investors during pandemic times with their increased return and demand due to its financial and non-financial benefits [79].
Close monitoring of and regular reporting on the progress of the green bond projects are conducted to avoid information asymmetry between the concerned parties. More than 50% of the bonds are certified through an external party to obtain a different view [80]. Either an organization directed towards making profit or social purposes qualify for the coverage. Those who play in the market and other concerned companies must define the ”green label”. Several financial institutions developed the principles concerning the bonds, which are updated annually to enhance efficacy [81]. The principles entail voluntary guidelines to regulate the binding standards by market participants to steer market growth [82]. All the monitoring operations occur in separate accounts. Unlike non-green bonds, the cost of allocating green bonds is relatively high. For instance, the price of a second opinion on bond issuance ranges from 0.3 to 0.6 bps for each USD 500 million question concerning the nature of exertion involved [83]. The cost of certification of the problem, which entails determining procedures to select projects, management proceeds, issuing frequency, and regular reporting, is approximately 0.1 bps. Ref. [84]’s measurement results on bond performance indicated that the average SRI fund outperformed the predictable slots by 1.3%.
Ref. [85] investigated the influence of societal and organizational performance on corporate and corporate social performance on the corporate bond number, spaces and ratings. They discovered that high ratings and low margins characterize excellent corporate social performance. Ref. [86] claim that organizations with an outstanding social performance reputation have favorable risk profiles. The nature of the argument on performance depends on the issuers. Ref. [87] points out that lenders price unfriendly environmental operations such as effluent of harmful waste and emission of toxic gases when it comes to issuers. From an issuer’s point of view, ref. [88] argued that research findings could elucidate that all bond components do not need to spread. Thus, organizational social performance remains missing in the empirical asset pricing puzzle.

3. Methodology

The Scopus database, a global social reference source, was used to scan for academic publications on green bonds. A timeless search on “Green Bonds” in the article was conducted. The oldest paper was dated 2007, and 319 pieces were retrieved. The bibliometric approach enables the researchers to evaluate the data. It is a library containing scientific data and other quantitative techniques for research content. This strategy helps identify and assess the overall trend of a particular topic, such as a journal, area of study, or country [89].
The bibliometric analysis is used in literary studies to determine the relevance of the concepts and the subject. It also acknowledges the contributions of different journals, learning institutions and other states. VOS viewer and RStudio are vital in the analysis and evaluation processes [31,32] The duo generates understandable results such as tables and graphics, differentiating them from other software applications [76]. In addition, the two pieces of software are used in the presentations and preparations of co-citations and bibliographic coupling. Bibliographic coupling is the connection between the two work references where they reference the third work in the bibliographies. Co-citation, on the other hand, revolves around the involved frequency in which two papers are cited together by another document. This move implies that two articles share a subject.

4. Results

4.1. The Current State of Publishing

From the Scopus database, it was evident that there have been 319 publications on green bonds since 2007. Structure-based analysis (Table 1) showed that there had been a significant increase in the frequency of the publications over the three consecutive years, and the year 2021 remains the most productive, with 133 papers. The remarkable increase in publications indicated intensive integration of research on green bonds.
Green bonds have become an important tool to address the impacts of climate change and related challenges. The reasons behind the growth of green bonds publication is that growth of green bonds in the capital markets has been explosive and is increasingly attracting attention from investors. Increasing investment in green bonds during the last few years has led to green bonds becoming an important tool to address the impacts of climate change and related challenges.

4.2. Highly Productive Regions and Nations in Green Bonds Research

Most countries are at the forefront of contributing to the green bond studies. This part of the research analyzes the most active states from 2007 to 2022. The table portrays the results that capture the top ten countries that have published green bond studies.
China tops the productive countries with 111 publications, and its academics focus is the highest on the green bonds amidst another research. The USA comes second with 84 papers, while the UK follows with 49 related articles. Other Asian nations such as Japan and India are among the best performing countries with 22 and 29 pieces, respectively. The main reason that those countries had the highest number of publications is that they have the highest capital markets size around the world and are considered developed countries, thus having a higher impact on climate changes. On the other hand, there are high rules on eligibility for green bond status in China and it became a leader in the green bond initiative.
A bibliometric coupling (BC) has its ground in understanding the involved networking within the countries publishing the green bonds. Bibliographic pairing takes place when two documents widely quote a report. It occurs when a paper from two states reference happens when a third report is commonly cited in two copies. That is when an article from two states references the third document while highlighting the related subject matter.
Figure 1 depicts the bibliometric findings’ finding, and each circle stands for a country, with the size representing its contribution. The dots represent the level of assistance. Table 2 displays China as the most productive nation and the country with the most substantial bibliometric ties to other nations. USA and UK follow in series.
The interesting question is how the authors from various states work together globally. A co-authorship evaluation with the heads of the states portrays the connections, and Figure 1 depicts the co-authorship pattern of the performing nations.
Figure 2 portrays the connection of the co-authorship regardless of skin color. For example, the USA tops the list, implying that other nations must comply and work together with the top country.

4.3. Universities and Learning Institutes with the Most Significant Number of Publications

Table 3 portrays the results of the University of Bologna, which is located in Italy; unfortunately, the most significant university does not belong to the first five countries with the most publication—rather, it belongs to the country which ranked in sixth place. It shows that it has 13 publications, marking it as the most effective university. Griffith University Queensland is ranked 2nd, with ten articles. Financial University Under the Government of The Russian Federation, Kyushu, Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Science and Technology Beijing universities are ranked 3rd with eight papers. In case of a tie, the authors position them according to article citation numbers.

4.4. Top Journals in Terms of Productivity

The best-performing journals publish increased research on green bonds compared to others. Table 4 shows the journals publishing four publications and above regarding the analysis of green bonds. The Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment has 16 papers making it the top journal; then, the Finance Research Letters, with 12 publications since 2007. Finally, the Journal of Business Strategy and The Environment, with four pieces. Screening of sources concludes that the publications were performed in high prestige and specialist journals in finance and environmental science, for example, Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment, by the publisher is Taylor and Francis online indexed in Web of Science and Scopus first quarter.
The co-citation evaluation of the leading journals is a critical factor in the bibliometrics.
Co-citation takes place when a third party jointly cites two documents. Figure 3 displays the energy policy as having the robust strongest co-citation of all then, followed by the sustainability journal. It occurs when two articles appear in the citations of a third document. The paper proves that the journal presented in Table 4 has similar literature and hence robust co-citations.

4.5. The Most Prolific Authors in Green Bonds

Table 5 contains the results of the most frequent publishers on green bonds. It shows Naeem MA with six papers, and Agliardi E., Managi S., Pham l., and Siswantoro D., each with five publications. As the most productive publisher, Naeem M.A.’s research interests are in financial markets and renewable energy.

4.6. The Most-Cited Publication

Referencing is a critical factor in evaluating the works of other authors and journals. Therefore, the most-cited publication was listed, relying on the statistics within the Scopus database. The method section had earlier indicated that the search on the term green bonds in the journal articles, keywords and texts is the first step. This strategy provides a series of strategic publications with green bonds and related terms mentioned within the title. Table 6 displays a series of publications with over 40 citations.

4.7. Three-Field Plot

A three-field plot analysis was conducted to determine the performance areas in green bonds. This study established a link between authors and their keywords within the green bond research. Figure 4 shows the author’s name appearing on the left, and the country covers the middle, while the right has the keywords applicable in the bonds paper.

4.8. Co-Occurrence of Authors’ Keywords

This portion evaluates the content concerning the keywords, which is a valuable tool for locating relevant literature and movements. Note that the keywords researched here were based on the text content of keywords in papers. In addition, the co-occurrence revolves around the frequency that two keywords appear close together. In the study, the researchers utilized keyword analysis to establish trends within the subject of examinations.
As appears in Figure 5, the most keywords used together are related to green bonds and green finance, green bonds and climate change, green bonds and sustainable finance. The results provide scholars with more clearance about the most common keywords searches for future works. Modern researchers may apply keyword evaluations to reveal the present thematic factors in the literature [84]. Indeed, they can easily anticipate the subjects that will obtain more focus in future. However, based on the similarity of the terms, there are high chances of the current trend continuing.

4.9. The Thematic Map: A Co-Word Analysis

To draw a thematic chart, the researchers used a bibliophagy collection of RStudio with a minor occurrence of 5000 words. Figure 6 illustrates keywords of green bonds. The mapping technique highlights the key factors that the journal addressed. In the proposal by ref. [88], the themes were plotted in four quadrants based on their positions and levels in the X and Y axes. The measure of supremacy shows the importance of green bonds in the entire research. In contrast, density determines the extent of articles’ development according to the network’s internal strengths.

4.9.1. Motor Themes

They are adequately developed and constitute the critical outline of the study in the journal. Moreover, these themes share high centrality and density. This quadrant contains economics, renewable energies, and energy policy. Such facts indicate that the journal’s most developed research areas are economics and energy policy issues.

4.9.2. Niche Themes

They entail the journal’s technically developed and specialized green manufacturing and innovations, as shown in Figure 6.

4.9.3. Peripheral Themes

They involve emerging environmental economics, a green economy, and a financial system based on the third quadrant. The themes usually have low density and declined measures of centrality.

4.9.4. Transversal Themes

Investment and financial market themes are evident in the fourth quadrant. Though poorly developed, they are characterized by low and high density and centrality. The paper established had the bibliometric analysis of green bonds as its primary consideration. This is arguable, and there are opportunities for new research projects that address the weaknesses that this paper finds. The existing environmental challenges bring about a great anxiety in the business environment, whether in the public or private sectors, hence the urge to participate in the regular debates and arguments that focus more on financial viability, profoundly affecting corporate behavior.
All businesses look forward to increasing their monetary limits; therefore, supportable activities within the organizational culture are requirements for their implementation. Therefore, there is a great need to deal with the holistic vision and factors of the green bond to tackle the challenges. The research analyzes critical questions within the context, adopting an objective bibliometric strategy of obtaining findings from different dimensions.
This paper aims at analyzing critical topics within the area of study. The existing gaps serve as opportunities for research by evaluating the contents and trends discussed up to 2022. The research presented the trends. After analyzing the previous findings, it was proven that a research agenda already exists. However, further exploration of new economics, entrepreneurship, and sustainability studies are vital. Green bonds have demonstrated their great value and fast-growing relevance. With the increasing levels of curiosity in the modern literature and inadequate coverage of critical economics and journals containing financial facts, the study recommends that researchers advance in more than two areas.
Finally, the main objective of this paper was to provide scholars and practitioners with a comprehensive overview of green bonds and sustainable green energy for the period of (2007–2022) by using a common technique, which is the bibliometric analysis. Literature published in journals indexed by the Scopus database was used in order to achieve this objective. Finally, this research contributes to the literature through a field study to grasp the viewpoints of key decision-makers in firms that are involved in financial matters. This study analyzed green bonds’ intellectual structure, publication, and networking. In addition, thematic evolution has been found and shows that there are four themes.

5. Limitations

The study has limitations in that the survey concentrated on the bibliometric analysis from the Scopus database. The database has a series of failures that have weakened the universality of the research. Failures are books not widely covered in the Scopus database such as preprint books, Google books and conference proceedings. It also does not cover publications that were published in languages other than English. In addition, the chances are high that the study does not address all journals within the Web of Science indices. Moreover, the study did not extract statistics from other sources, including the science site. In addition, the study conducted a retroactive review between 2007 and 2022 on visual analysis. The complete temporal analysis would have aided in determining how the trends in green bonds literature increased—for example, multi-period analysis to measure the development of green bonds in different periods.

6. Recommendations

Foremost, green bonds are recently emerging trends in the finance realm. This fact calls for an immediate need to dig deeper into the problem concerning finance and financial techniques. In addition, according to conventional finance studies, there should be an urge to analyze green risk management and governance critically. In addition, developed countries represented most countries’ issued bonds; thus, there should be further research from these countries as a motivation for other countries which focuses on green bonds to enhance and protect ecological systems around the world. This move will benefit the decision-makers to work on their policy factors and develop a properly designed policy goal. Then, the scholars from developing countries will reflect the knowledge and policies that were formulated by authors and policymakers in their countries. Finally, a significant difference exists between the problems of green bonds and traditional bonds because regulations guide conventional bonds. Hence, the increasing and evolving international economic and political climate will likely increase the challenges. Additionally, a systematic analysis is required for a deep understanding of the available literature. There is also a need to investigate the findings of the bibliometric research and draw comparisons.

Author Contributions

Methodology, A.A.-G.; Software, A.A.A.; Validation, A.Z.; Formal analysis, A.A.A.; Investigation, A.A.-G.; Resources, N.A.; Data curation, N.A.; Writing—original draft, M.A.-O.; Writing—review & editing, A.M.A.-h.; Visualization, A.M.A.-h.; Supervision, A.Z.; Project administration, M.A.-O. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Not applicable.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the valuable contributions of the reviewers and editor who have provided critical suggestions to improve the quality of the article. The suggested comments have helped in improving the quality of the article considerably.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

  1. Almaqableh, L.; Wallace, D.; Pereira, V.; Ramiah, V.; Wood, G.; Veron, J.F.; Moosa, I.; Watson, A. Is it possible to establish the link between drug busts and the cryptocurrency market? Yes, we can. Int. J. Inf. Manag. 2022, 102488. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Pham, L. Is it risky to go green? A volatility analysis of the green bond market. J. Sustain. Financ. Investig. 2016, 6, 263–291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  3. Al-Qudah, A.A.; Al-Okaily, M.; Alqudah, G.; Ghazlat, A. Mobile payment adoption in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Electron. Commer. Res. 2022, 27, 1–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  4. Al-Okaily, M. Assessing the effectiveness of accounting information systems in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. VINE J. Inf. Knowl. Manag. Syst. 2021; ahead-of-print. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  5. Alsmadi, A.A.; Alzoubi, M. Green Economy: Bibliometric Analysis Approach. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy 2022, 12, 282–289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  6. Agreement, P. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); Climate Change Secretariat: Bonn, Germany, 2015; Volume 4, pp. 471–474. [Google Scholar]
  7. Al-Okaily, M.; Al-Okaily, A. An Empirical Assessment of Enterprise Information Systems Success in a Developing Country: The Jordanian Experience. TQM J. 2022; ahead-of-print. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  8. World Bank. Green Bond Impact Report; Technical Report; World Bank Treasury Department: Washington, DC, USA, 2016; Available online: http://treasury.worldbank.org/cmd/pdf/WorldBankGreenBondImpactReport.pdf (accessed on 1 July 2016).
  9. Aljawarneh, N.M.; Alomari, K.A.K.; Alomari, Z.S.; Taha, O. Cyber incivility and knowledge hoarding: Does interactional justice matter? VINE J. Inf. Knowl. Manag. Systems 2022, 52, 57–70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  10. Abu-Salih, B.; Wongthongtham, P.; Morrison, G.; Coutinho, K.; Al-Okaily, M.; Huneiti, A. Short-term renewable energy consumption and generation forecasting: A case study of Western Australia. Heliyon 2022, 8, e09152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  11. Al-Okaily, A.; Al-Okaily, M.; Teoh, A.P.; Al-Debei, M. An Empirical Study on Data Warehouse Systems Effectiveness: The Case of Jordanian Banks in the Business Intelligence Era. EuroMed J. Bus. 2022; ahead-of-print. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  12. Alawneh, R.; Jannoud, I.; Rabayah, H.; Ali, H. Developing a Novel Index for Assessing and Managing the Contribution of Sustainable Campuses to Achieve UN SDGs. Sustainability 2021, 13, 11770. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  13. Agliardi, E.; Agliardi, R. Pricing climate-related risks in the bond market. J. Financ. Stab. 2021, 54, 100868. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  14. Amiguet, L.; Lafuente, A.M.; Kydland, F.E.; Lindahl, J.M.M. One hundred and twenty-five years of the journal of political economy: A bibliometric overview. J. Polit. Econ. 2017, 125, 105–110. [Google Scholar]
  15. Bachelet, M.J.; Becchetti, L.; Manfredonia, S. The green bonds premium puzzles the role of issuer characteristics and third-party verification. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1098. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  16. Bancel, F.; Glavas, D. The role of state ownership as a determinant of green bond issuance. SSRN Electron. J. 2021, 11, 191–211. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  17. Baraibar-diez, E.; Luna, M.; Odriozola, D.; Llorente, I. Mapping social impact: A bibliometric analysis. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9389. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  18. Al-Okaily, A.; Al-Okaily, M.; Teoh, A.P. Evaluating ERP systems success: Evidence from Jordanian firms in the age of the digital business. VINE J. Inf. Knowl. Manag. Syst. 2021; ahead-of-print. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  19. Al-Okaily, M.; Natour, A.R.A.; Shishan, F.; Al-Dmour, A.; Alghazzawi, R.; Alsharairi, M. Sustainable FinTech Innovation Orientation: A Moderated Model. Sustainability 2021, 13, 13591. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  20. Barua, S.; Chiesa, M. Sustainable financing practices through green bonds: What affects the funding size? Bus. Strategy Environ. 2019, 28, 1131–1147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  21. Caldecott, B. Introduction to Special Issue: Stranded Assets and the Environment. J. Sustain. Financ. Investig. 2017, 7, 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  22. Carney, M. Resolving the Climate Paradox. Speech Given by Mark Carney, Governor of the Bank of England, Chair of the Financial Stability Board. Arthur Burns Memorial Lecture, Berlin. Available online: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech/2016/resolving-theclimate-paradox (accessed on 22 September 2016).
  23. Derwall, J.; Koedijk, K. Socially responsible fixed-income funds. J. Bus. Financ. Account. 2009, 36, 210–229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  24. Chatziantoniou, I.; Abakah, E.J.A.; Gabauer, D.; Tiwari, A.K. Quantile time–frequency price connectedness between green bond, green equity, sustainable investments and clean energy markets. J. Clean. Prod. 2022, 361, 132088. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  25. Chava, S. Environmental externalities and cost of capital. Manag. Sci. 2014, 60, 2223–2247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  26. Chiesa, M.; Barua, S. The surge of impact borrowing: The magnitude and determinants of green bond supply and its heterogeneity across markets. J. Sustain. Financ. Investig. 2019, 9, 138–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  27. Zhou, X.; Cui, Y. Green bonds, corporate performance, and corporate social responsibility. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6881. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  28. Damutz, T. Financing Sustainable and Innovative Initiatives. In Sparkling Sustainability and Innovation Conference Paper; North Carolina State University: Raleigh, NC, USA, 2016. [Google Scholar]
  29. Deng, Z.; Yongjun Tang, D.; Zhang, Y. The Journal of Alternative Investments is “greenness” priced in the market? Evidence from green bond issuance in China. J. Altern. Investig. 2020, 23, 57–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  30. Dorfleitner, G.; Utz, S.; Zhang, R. The pricing of green bonds: External reviews and the shades of green. Rev. Manag. Sci. 2022, 16, 797–834. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  31. Dou, X.; Qi, S. The choice of green bond financing instruments. Cogent Bus. Manag. 2019, 6, 1652227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  32. Alsmadi, A.A.; Shuhaiber, A.; Alhawamdeh, L.N.; Alghazzawi, R.; Al-Okaily, M. Twenty Years of Mobile Banking Services Development and Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis Overview (2000–2020). Sustainability 2022, 14, 10630. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  33. Al-Okaily, M. Toward an integrated model for the antecedents and consequences of AIS usage at the organizational level. EuroMed J. Bus. 2022; ahead-of-print. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  34. Fatica, A.S.; Panzica, R. Green bonds as a tool against climate change? Bus. Strategy Environ. 2020, 30, 2688–2701. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  35. Garrigos-Simon, F.J.; Botella-Carrubi, M.D.; Gonzalez-Cruz, T.F. Social capital, human capital, and sustainability: A bibliometric and visualization analysis. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4751. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  36. Gatti, S.; Florio, A. Issue spread determinants in the green bond market: The role of second party reviews and of the green bond principles. In Research Handbook of Finance and Sustainability; Edward Elgar Publishing: Cheltenham, UK, 2018; pp. 206–224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  37. German Development Institute. Green Bonds: Taking Off the Rose-Coloured Glasses. Briefing Paper n° 2. 2016. Available online: https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/BP24.2016.korr_01.pdf (accessed on 12 February 2016).
  38. Gianfrate, G.; Peri, M. The green advantage: Exploring the convenience of issuing green bonds. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 219, 127–135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  39. Glomsrød, S.; Wei, T. Business as unusual: The implications of fossil divestment and green bonds for financial flows, economic growth and energy market. Energy Sustain. Dev. 2018, 44, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  40. Goss, A.; Roberts, G. The impact of corporate social responsibility on the cost of bank loans. J. Bank. Financ. 2011, 35, 1794–1810. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  41. Hacıömeroğlu, H.A.; Danışoğlu, S.; Güner, Z.N. For the love of the environment: An analysis of green versus brown bonds during the COVID-19 pandemic. Financ. Res. Lett. 2022, 47, 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  42. Al-Okaily, A.; Ai Ping, T.; Al-Okaily, M. Towards business intelligence success measurement in an organization: A conceptual study. J. Syst. Manag. Sci. 2021, 11, 155–170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  43. Hamdan, M.A.; Yamin, J.; Hafez, E.M.A. Passive cooling roof design under Jordanian climate. Sustain. Cities Soc. 2022, 5, 26–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  44. Huynh, T.L.D. When ‘green’ challenges ‘prime’: Empirical evidence from government bond markets. J. Sustain. Financ. Investig. 2022, 12, 375–388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  45. Huynh, T.L.D.; Hille, E.; Nasir, M.A. Diversification in the age of the 4th industrial revolution: The role of artificial intelligence, green bonds and cryptocurrencies. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 2020, 159, 120188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  46. Huynh, T.L.D.; Ridder, N.; Wang, M. Beyond the shades: The impact of credit rating and greenness on the green bond premium. SSRN Electron. J. 2022, 11, 93–117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  47. Hyun, S.; Park, D.; Tian, S. The price of going green: The role of greenness in green bond markets. Account. Financ. 2020, 60, 73–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  48. ICMA International Capital Markets Association. Green Bond Principles, 2016. Voluntary Process Guidelines for Issuing Green Bonds; GBP Resource Centre: Brooklyn, NY, USA, 2016; Volume 3, pp. 1–7. [Google Scholar]
  49. Al-Okaily, A.; Abd Rahman, M.S.; Al-Okaily, M.; Ismail, W.N.S.W.; Ali, A. Measuring success of accounting information system: Applying the DeLone and McLean model at the organizational level. J. Theor. Appl. Inf. Technol. 2020, 98, 2697–2706. [Google Scholar]
  50. Saleh, A.; Enaizan, O.; Eneizan, B.; Al-Mu’ani, L.A.; Al-Radaideh, A.T.; Hanandeh, F. A Hybrid SEM and Neural Network Approach to Understand and Predict the Determinants of Consumers’ Acceptance and Usage of Mobile-Commerce Application. Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol. 2022, 16, 125–152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  51. Jiang, D.; Jia, F. Extreme spillover between green bonds and clean energy markets. Sustainability 2022, 14, 6338. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  52. Jin, J.; Han, L.; Wu, L.; Zeng, H. International review of financial analysis the hedging effect of green bonds on carbon market risk. Int. Rev. Financ. Anal. 2020, 71, 101509. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  53. Kanamura, T. Are green bonds environmentally friendly and good performing assets? Energy Econ. 2020, 88, 104767. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  54. Karim, S.; Naeem, M.A. Do global factors drive the interconnectedness among green, Islamic and conventional financial markets? Int. J. Manag. Financ. 2022, 18, 639–660. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  55. Kochetygova, J.; Arora, V.; Jauhari, A. The S&P Green Project Bond Index: Capturing a Deeper Shade of Green; Technical Report; McGraw-Hill Financial: New York, NY, USA, 2014; Available online: http://us.spindices.com/documents/research/research-the-sp-green-project-bond-index-capturing-adeeper-shade-of-green.pdf (accessed on 1 July 2016).
  56. Krimphoff, J.; Charmann, S.; Clucas, N.; Emfel, M.; Favier, A.; Godinot, S. Green Bonds Must Keep the Green Promise! A Call for Collective Action towards Effective and Credible Standards for the Green Bond Market; WWF: Paris, France, 2016. [Google Scholar]
  57. Laborda, J.; Sánchez-Guerra, Á. Green bond finance in Europe and the stock market reaction. Estud. Econ. Apl. 2021, 39, 5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  58. Laengle, S.; Merigó, J.M.; Miranda, J.; Słowinski, R.; Bomze, I.; Borgonovo, E.; Dyson, R.G.; Oliveira, J.F.; Teunter, R. Forty years of the European journal of operational research: A bibliometric overview. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 2017, 262, 803–816. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  59. Larcker, D.F.; Watts, E.M. Where’s the greenium? J. Account. Econ. 2020, 69, 101312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  60. Lau, P.; Sze, A.; Wan, W.; Wong, A. The economics of the greenium: How much is the world willing to pay to save the earth? Environ. Resour. Econ. 2022, 81, 379–408. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  61. Alomari, Z. Does human capital moderate the relationship between strategic thinking and strategic human resource management? Manag. Sci. Lett. 2020, 10, 565–574. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  62. Al-Radaideh, A.T. Factors affecting acceptance and adoption of mobile health application (MHA). Int. J. Psychosoc. Rehabil. 2020, 24, 1218–1229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  63. Lenzi, D. The risk of environmental damage: A corporate governance perspective. Int. J. Green Econ. 2018, 12, 2. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  64. Löffler, K.U.; Petreski, A.; Stephan, A. Drivers of green bond issuance and new evidence on the greenium. Eurasian Econ. Rev. 2021, 11, 1–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  65. Cobo, M.J.; López-Herrera, A.G.; Herrera-Viedma, E.; Herrera, F. An approach for detecting, quantifying, and visualizing the evolution of a research field: A practical application to the Fuzzy Sets Theory field. J. Informetr. 2011, 5, 146–166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  66. MacAskill, S.; Roca, E.; Liu, B.; Stewart, R.A.; Sahin, O. Is there a green premium in the green bond market? Systematic literature review revealing premium determinants. J. Clean. Prod. 2021, 280, 124491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  67. Al-Okaily, M.; Alqudah, H.; Al-Qudah, A.A.; Alkhwaldi, A.F. Examining the Critical Factors of Computer-Assisted Audit Tools and Techniques Adoption in the Post-COVID-19 Period: Internal Auditors Perspective. VINE J. Inf. Knowl. Manag. Syst. 2022; ahead-of-print. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  68. Nanayakkara, M.; Colombage, S. Do investors in green bond market pay a premium ? Global evidence. Appl. Econ. 2019, 51, 4425–4437. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  69. Oguntuase, O.J.; Windapo, A. Green bonds and green buildings: New options for achieving sustainable development in Nigeria. In Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements; Springer: Singapore, 2022; pp. 193–218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  70. Oikonomou, I.; Brooks, C.; Pavelin, S. The effects of corporate social performance on the cost of corporate debt and credit ratings. Financ. Rev. 2014, 49, 49–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  71. Nissi, E. The volatility of the “Green” option-adjusted spread: Evidence before and during the pandemic period. Risks 2022, 10, 45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  72. Russo, A.; Mariani, M.; Caragnano, A. Exploring the determinants of green bond issuance: Going beyond the long-lasting debate on performance consequences. Bus. Strategy Environ. 2021, 30, 38–59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  73. Almaqableh, L.; Reddy, K.; Pereira, V.; Ramiah, V.; Wallace, D.; Veron, J.F. An investigative study of links between terrorist attacks and cryptocurrency markets. J. Bus. Res. 2022, 147, 177–188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  74. Secretary-General, U.N. Trends in Private Sector Climate Finance. Report Prepared by the Climate Change Support Team of the United Nations Secretary-General on the Progress Made Since the 2014 Climate Summit. New York. Available online: http://www.un.org/climatechange/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/SG-TRENDS-PRIVATE-SECTOR-CLIMATE-FINANCE-AW-HI-RES-WEB1.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2014).
  75. Shankleman, J. Green Investments at $694 Billion Are Much Bigger Than You Think. Available online: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-01/green-investmentsat-694-billion-are-much-bigger-than-you-think (accessed on 1 July 2016).
  76. Shishlov, I.; Morel, R.; Cochran, I. Beyond Transparency: Unlocking the Full Potential of Green Bonds. Paris: Institute for Climate Economics. Available online: https://www.i4ce.org/wp-core/wp-content/ploads/2016/06/I4CE_Green_Bonds.pdf (accessed on 18 July 2016).
  77. Small, H. Co-citation in the scientific literature: A new measure of the relationship between two documents. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 1973, 24, 265–269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  78. Sohag, K.; Hammoudeh, S.; Elsayed, A.H.; Mariev, O.; Safonova, Y. Do geopolitical events transmit opportunity or threat to green markets? Decomposed measures of geopolitical risks. Energy Econ. 2022, 111, 106068. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  79. Taghizadeh-Hesary, F.; Mortha, A.; Yoshino, N.; Phoumin, H. Utilising green finance for sustainability: Empirical analysis of the characteristics of green bond markets. In Energy Sustainability and Climate Change in ASEAN; Springer: Singapore, 2021; pp. 169–194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  80. Tang, D.Y.; Zhang, Y. Do shareholders benefit from green bonds? J. Corp. Financ. 2020, 61, 101427. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  81. Teti, E.; Baraglia, I.; Dallocchio, M.; Mariani, G. The green bonds: Empirical evidence and implications for sustainability. J. Clean. Prod. 2022, 366, 132784. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  82. Tolliver, C.; Keeley, A.R.; Managi, S. Drivers of green bond market growth: The importance of nationally determined contributions to the Paris agreement and implications for sustainability. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 244, 118643. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  83. Uddin, G.S.; Jayasekera, R.; Park, D.; Luo, T.; Tian, S. Go green or stay black: Bond market dynamics in Asia. Int. Rev. Financ. Anal. 2022, 81, 102114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  84. Aboushi, A.; Hamdan, M.; Abdelhafez, E.; Turk, E.A.; Ibbini, J.; Abu Shaban, N. Water disinfection by solar energy. Energy Sources Part A Recovery Util. Environ. Eff. 2021, 43, 2088–2098. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  85. Wang, J.; Chen, X.; Li, X.; Yu, J.; Zhong, R. The market reaction to green bond issuance: Evidence from China. Pac. Basin Financ. J. 2020, 60, 101294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  86. Wharton. Making the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy. Technical Report. Initiative for Global Environmental Leadership. 2015. Available online: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/special-report/making-the-transition-to-a-low-carbon-economy/ (accessed on 23 April 2015).
  87. Wu, Y.; Farrukh, M.; Raza, A.; Meng, F.; Alam, I. Framing the evolution of the corporate social responsibility and environmental management journal. Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag. 2021, 28, 1397–1411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  88. Wulandari, F.; Sch, D.; Stephan, A.; Sun, C. Impact of liquidity risk on yield spread of green bond. Financ. Res. Lett. 2018, 27, 53–59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  89. Cobo, M.J.; López-Herrera, A.G.; Herrera-Viedma, E.; Herrera, F. SciMAT: A new science mapping analysis software tool. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 2012, 63, 1609–1630. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Sustainability 15 05778 g001 550
Figure 1. Bibliometric coupling of countries.
Figure 1. Bibliometric coupling of countries.
Sustainability 15 05778 g001
Sustainability 15 05778 g002 550
Figure 2. Co-authorship among countries.
Figure 2. Co-authorship among countries.
Sustainability 15 05778 g002
Sustainability 15 05778 g003 550
Figure 3. Co-citation of the top journals.
Figure 3. Co-citation of the top journals.
Sustainability 15 05778 g003
Sustainability 15 05778 g004 550
Figure 4. Three-field plot representing authors’ area of research.
Figure 4. Three-field plot representing authors’ area of research.
Sustainability 15 05778 g004
Sustainability 15 05778 g005 550
Figure 5. Co-occurrence of authors’ keywords.
Figure 5. Co-occurrence of authors’ keywords.
Sustainability 15 05778 g005
Sustainability 15 05778 g006 550
Figure 6. Thematic map of the journal.
Figure 6. Thematic map of the journal.
Sustainability 15 05778 g006
Table
Table 1. The current state of publishing.
Table 1. The current state of publishing.
YearNumber of Articles
20071
20101
20111
20123
20144
20151
20169
201712
201832
201938
202077
2021133
20227
Table
Table 2. The most productive countries.
Table 2. The most productive countries.
NoCountryNumber of Paper
1China111
2USA84
3UK49
4Australia40
5India29
6Italy29
7France28
8Spain23
9Japan22
10Germany19
Table
Table 3. The most productive universities.
Table 3. The most productive universities.
AffiliationsArticles
University of Bologna13
Griffith University Queensland10
Financial University Under the Government of The Russian Federation8
Kyushu University8
University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City8
University of Science and Technology Beijing8
Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School7
Universities Indonesia7
Federation University Australia6
Jinan University6
London School of Economics and Political Science6
Southwestern University of Finance and Economics6
University College London6
China University of Mining and Technology5
Esch-Sur-Alzette5
Massey University5
National University of Singapore5
Stockholm Environment Institute5
University of Auckland5
Table
Table 4. Top journals that publish green bonds research.
Table 4. Top journals that publish green bonds research.
NoSourcesArticles
1Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment16
2Finance Research Letters12
3Journal of Cleaner Production12
4Sustainability (Switzerland)12
5Ion Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science11
6Energy Economics8
7E3s Web of Conferences7
8Energy Policy7
9World Economy and International Relations6
10Business Strategy and The Environment4
Table
Table 5. The most productive authors.
Table 5. The most productive authors.
NoAuthorDocumentsCitations
1Naeem M.A.643
2Agliardi E.527
3Managi S.593
4Pham l.578
5Siswantoro D.57
6Agliardi R.427
7Fu j.43
8Keeley A.R.492
9Ng A.W.447
10Shahzad S.J.H.424
Table
Table 6. The most-cited publication.
Table 6. The most-cited publication.
AuthorsTitleYearSource TitleTotal Citations
Zerbib OdThe effect of pro-environmental preferences on bond prices: Evidence from green bonds2017Journal of Banking and Finance118
Reboredo JcGreen Bond and Financial Markets: Co-Movement, Diversification and Price Spillover Effects2017Energy economics81
Tang DyDo shareholders benefit from green bonds?2018Journal of Corporate Finance65
Hachenberg BAre green bonds priced differently from conventional bonds?2018Journal of Asset Management61
Gianfrate GThe green advantage: Exploring the convenience of issuing green bonds2019Journal of Cleaner Production59
Febi WThe impact of liquidity risk on the yield spread of green bonds2018Finance Research Letters57
Hanif ICarbon emissions across the spectrum of renewable and nonrenewable energy use in developing economies of Asia2019Renewable Energy56
Bachelet MjThe Green Bonds Premium Puzzle: The Role of Issuer Characteristics and Third-Party Verification2019Sustainability54
Pham LIs it risky to go green? A volatility analysis of the green bond market2016Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment50
Ng ThBond financing for renewable energy in Asia2016Energy Policy49
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Alsmadi, A.A.; Al-Okaily, M.; Alrawashdeh, N.; Al-Gasaymeh, A.; Moh’d Al-hazimeh, A.; Zakari, A. A Bibliometric Analysis of Green Bonds and Sustainable Green Energy: Evidence from the Last Fifteen Years (2007–2022). Sustainability 2023, 15, 5778. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075778

AMA Style

Alsmadi AA, Al-Okaily M, Alrawashdeh N, Al-Gasaymeh A, Moh’d Al-hazimeh A, Zakari A. A Bibliometric Analysis of Green Bonds and Sustainable Green Energy: Evidence from the Last Fifteen Years (2007–2022). Sustainability. 2023; 15(7):5778. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075778

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alsmadi, Ayman Abdalmajeed, Manaf Al-Okaily, Najed Alrawashdeh, Anwar Al-Gasaymeh, Amer Moh’d Al-hazimeh, and Abdulrasheed Zakari. 2023. "A Bibliometric Analysis of Green Bonds and Sustainable Green Energy: Evidence from the Last Fifteen Years (2007–2022)" Sustainability 15, no. 7: 5778. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075778

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop