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Hematology Reports
Volume 12
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Hematology Reports is published by MDPI from Volume 14 Issue 1 (2022). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with PAGEPress.

Hematol. Rep., Volume 12, Issue s1 (September 2020) – 6 articles

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5 pages, 809 KiB  
Conference Report
Advancing Leukemia Diagnostics: Role of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
by Torsten Haferlach
Hematol. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8957; https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2020.8957 - 21 Sep 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1084
Abstract
AML diagnostics, initially based solely on morphological evaluation, now relies on multiple disciplines to reach its full potential. Only by integrating the results of cytomorphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and molecular genetics it is possible to fulfil WHO classification and ELN prognostication systems. Especially [...] Read more.
AML diagnostics, initially based solely on morphological evaluation, now relies on multiple disciplines to reach its full potential. Only by integrating the results of cytomorphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and molecular genetics it is possible to fulfil WHO classification and ELN prognostication systems. Especially molecular genetics has gained a lot of interest over the last decade, mainly through the introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS). NGS application ranges from the investigation of single genes and panels to even whole exomes, transcriptomes and genomes. In routine AML diagnostics panels are the preferred NGS methodology. Here, we will review the power and limitations of NGS in the context of diagnosis, prognosis and precision medicine. Due to high dimensionality, NGS data interpretation is challenging but it also offers a unique investigatory chance and the opportunity to apply data mining techniques such as artificial intelligence. We will also reflect on how the incorporation of the improved knowledge base into routine diagnostics can pave the way for better treatment and more cure in AML. Full article
7 pages, 1945 KiB  
Conference Report
How I Manage Frontline Transplant-Ineligible Multiple Myeloma
by Daniele Derudas, Francesca Capraro, Giovanni Martinelli and Claudio Cerchione
Hematol. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8956; https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2020.8956 - 21 Sep 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 623
Abstract
The Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a plasma cells hematological malignancy with a median age of 69 years at diagnosis. The autologous stem cell transplantation is the standard of care for this disease but less than half of newly diagnosed patients are assessed for [...] Read more.
The Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a plasma cells hematological malignancy with a median age of 69 years at diagnosis. The autologous stem cell transplantation is the standard of care for this disease but less than half of newly diagnosed patients are assessed for this treatment due to comorbidities or complications of disease. The management of transplant ineligible MM patients is based on the balance safety and efficacy of the new available regimen and a careful assessment of the frailty status is mandatory to define the goals. In this review we discuss of the clinical dilemmas in the management and define how to manage them based on the evidence from clinical trials and “real life” experience. Full article
4 pages, 328 KiB  
Conference Report
How I Treat Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
by Hans C. Lee and Claudio Cerchione
Hematol. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8955; https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2020.8955 - 21 Sep 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 739
Abstract
The expanding therapeutic landscape of relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) has contributed to significant improvements in patient outcomes. These have included combinations of proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), histone deacetylase inhibitors, and/or alkylating agents. More recently, the approval [...] Read more.
The expanding therapeutic landscape of relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) has contributed to significant improvements in patient outcomes. These have included combinations of proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), histone deacetylase inhibitors, and/or alkylating agents. More recently, the approval of the first-in-class nuclear export inhibitor selinexor and the first-in-class B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) belantamab mafodotin has helped address the current unmet need in patients refractory to PI, IMiD, and anti-CD38 mAb directed therapy, otherwise known as triple class refractory myeloma. With the growing number of treatment options in the RRMM therapeutic landscape, the choice and sequencing of drugs and combinations has become increasingly complex. In this review we discuss our approach and considerations in the treatment of both early and late RRRM based on best available data and our clinical experience. Full article
4 pages, 572 KiB  
Conference Report
How I Manage Frontline Transplant-Eligible Multiple Myeloma in Italy
by Vittorio Montefusco, Giovanni Martinelli and Claudio Cerchione
Hematol. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8954; https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2020.8954 - 21 Sep 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 529
Abstract
The treatment of transplant-eligible multiple myeloma patients in Italy consists in an induction phase based on bortezomib plus thalidomide plus dexamethasone (VTd), followed by a single or tandem autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), followed by lenalidomide maintenance. This approach offers an overall response [...] Read more.
The treatment of transplant-eligible multiple myeloma patients in Italy consists in an induction phase based on bortezomib plus thalidomide plus dexamethasone (VTd), followed by a single or tandem autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), followed by lenalidomide maintenance. This approach offers an overall response rate of 93% and a CR rate of 58% with acceptable toxicity. Lenalidomide maintenance adds a significant increase in disease control, with a progression free survival after ASCT of 53 months, and an overall survival of 86 months. Second primary malignancies represent the most concerning toxicity of lenalidomide maintenance with a 6.9% incidence. However, the benefit in terms of increased myeloma control largely outweigh this complication. The incorporation of daratumumab in this treatment schema will further improve these clinical results. Full article
8 pages, 1246 KiB  
Conference Report
How We Manage Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
by Alessandra Romano, Claudio Cerchione, Concetta Conticello, Giovanni Martinelli and Francesco Di Raimondo
Hematol. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8951; https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2020.8951 - 21 Sep 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 641
Abstract
Smoldering myeloma (SMM) is an asymptomatic stage characterized by bone marrow plasma cells infiltration between 10–60% in absence of myeloma-defining events and organ damage. Until the revision of criteria of MM to require treatment, two main prognostic models, not overlapping each other, were [...] Read more.
Smoldering myeloma (SMM) is an asymptomatic stage characterized by bone marrow plasma cells infiltration between 10–60% in absence of myeloma-defining events and organ damage. Until the revision of criteria of MM to require treatment, two main prognostic models, not overlapping each other, were proposed and used differently in Europe and in US. Novel manageable drugs, like lenalidomide and monoclonal antibodies, with high efficacy and limited toxicity, improvement in imaging and prognostication, challenge physicians to offer early treatment to high-risk SMM. Taking advantage from the debates offered by SOHO Italy, in this review we will update the evidence and consequent clinical practices in US and Europe to offer readers a uniform view of clinical approach at diagnosis, follow-up and supportive care in the SMM setting. Full article
7 pages, 1143 KiB  
Conference Report
Treatment-Free Remission in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Lights and Shadows
by Matteo Molica, Nelida I. Noguera, Malgorzata Monika Trawinska, Giovanni Martinelli, Claudio Cerchione and Elisabetta Abruzzese
Hematol. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8950; https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2020.8950 - 21 Sep 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 652
Abstract
In addition to the best possible overall survival, discontinuation of the tyrosine kinase-inhibitor (TKI) treatment [treatment free remission (TFR)] without observing a recurrence of the disease has become a standard part of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) care. Worldwide, more than 2000 patients with [...] Read more.
In addition to the best possible overall survival, discontinuation of the tyrosine kinase-inhibitor (TKI) treatment [treatment free remission (TFR)] without observing a recurrence of the disease has become a standard part of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) care. Worldwide, more than 2000 patients with CML have attempted TFR, and very rare instances of disease transformation have been reported. Several studies in the last decade have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of TKI discontinuation in selected patients with CML who achieve deep and sustained molecular response with TKI. This has moved prime-time into clinical practice although open questions remain in terms of understanding the disease biology that leads to successful TKI cessation in some patients while not in others. Despite the remaining questions regarding which factors may be considered predictive for TFR, treatment interruption is a safe option provided that adequate molecular monitoring is available, with prompt re-initiation of TKIs as soon as major molecular response has been lost. Data from ongoing trials should help refine decisions as to which patients are the best candidates to attempt TKI discontinuation, frequency of a safe monitoring, optimal strategies to sustain ongoing TFR and increase the number of patients who can access to discontinuation programs. Full article
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