Phytoremediation and Nurse Potential of Aloe Plants on Mine Tailings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil and Plant Material
2.2. Pot Experiment
2.3. Allelopathy Experiment
2.4. PTM Analyses
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. PTM Concentration and Metal Transfer Factors in Aloes
3.2. Early Development and Allelopathic Effects on Bermuda Grass and African Daisy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Control | Platinum Tailings | Gold Tailings | |
---|---|---|---|
Soil | |||
As | 2.24 ± 4.57 | 17.10 ± 4.87 | 16.98 ± 4.15 |
Cd | 3.26 ± 8.07 | <LOD | 3.41 ± 9.93 |
Co | 115.64 ± 103.9 | 413 ± 111.73 | 371.60 ± 119.39 |
Cr | 3012 ± 36.23 | 11,756 ± 72.99 | 14,470.17 ± 87.24 |
Cu | 111.18 ± 14.14 | 151.46 ± 16.99 | 137.37 ± 17.19 |
Mn | 891.69 ± 73.80 | 1000.54 ± 117.65 | 1083.34 ± 134.11 |
Mo | 1.69 ± 3.23 | 6.32 ± 3.57 | <LOD |
Ni | 56.05 ± 17.59 | 204.87 ± 22.91 | 230.53 ± 41.15 |
Zn | 235.01 ± 12.30 | 161.42 ± 11.60 | 134.34 ± 11.26 |
pH | 7.24 | 6.70 | 7.21 |
A. burgersfortensis | |||
As | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.34 ± 0.06 | 0.25 ± 0.05 |
Cd | 7.17 ± 4.81 | 3.88 ± 0.56 | 5.10 ± 1.76 |
Co | 4.16 ± 4.95 | 2.51 ± 0.85 | 5.04 ± 4.28 |
Cr | 9.47 ± 4.89 | 12.76 ± 14.51 | 3.74 ± 0.98 |
Cu | 15.32 ± 2.87 | 18.17 ± 7.61 | 16.19 ± 1.77 |
Mn | 1399.30 ± 604.86 | 681.83 ± 235.03 | 650.65 ± 5.04 |
Mo | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.09 ± 0.13 | 0.05 ± 0.05 |
Ni | 33.50 ± 15.45 | 14.51 ± 2.62 | 25.33 ± 12.97 |
A. castanea | |||
As | 0.26 ± 0.06 | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.27 ± 0.06 |
Cd | 1.18 ± 0.13 | 3.21 ± 0.96 | 1.49 ± 0.57 |
Co | 1.24 ± 0.21 | 3.83 ± 0.76 | 11.93 ± 7.78 |
Cr | 5.42 ± 2.41 | 3.94 ± 0.45 | 3.24 ± 0.42 |
Cu | 13.93 ± 2.70 | 18.94 ± 9.24 | 15.24 ± 3.34 |
Mn | 714.37 ± 400.89 | 519.73 ± 272.21 | 393.60 ± 252.94 |
Mo | 0.08 ± 0.09 | 0.04 ± 0.07 | 0.05 ± 0.06 |
Ni | 7.91 ± 2.40 | 52.94 ± 25.88 | 41.54 ± 17.26 |
Zn | 147.23 ± 46.51 | 96.81 ± 46.79 | 92.71 ± 2.60 |
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As | Zn | Cu | Ni | Co | Fe | Mn | Cr | Cd | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. burgersfortensis | |||||||||
Control | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 2.2 |
Platinum tailings | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | >1 * |
Gold tailings | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 1.5 |
A. castanea | |||||||||
Control | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.4 |
Platinum tailings | 0.1 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 0.0 | >1 * |
Gold tailings | 0.1 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.4 |
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Marcelo-Silva, J.; Ramabu, M.; Siebert, S.J. Phytoremediation and Nurse Potential of Aloe Plants on Mine Tailings. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021521
Marcelo-Silva J, Ramabu M, Siebert SJ. Phytoremediation and Nurse Potential of Aloe Plants on Mine Tailings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021521
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcelo-Silva, João, Masego Ramabu, and Stefan John Siebert. 2023. "Phytoremediation and Nurse Potential of Aloe Plants on Mine Tailings" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021521