The Intersection of Workplace and Environmental Exposure on Health in Latinx Farm Working Communities in Rural Inland Southern California
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Environmental Exposures
3.3. The Salton Sea
“At my work, you hear a lot about [disease of] the lungs, allergies, because there, well at work, lots and lots of soil blows, and that’s what gives lots of allergies or headaches.”
“Bronchitis, because that’s what you get now with those winds that come with all the dust and you start with chest pain and it’s bronchitis.”
“The [people] who are near the lake, the smells and that water…. There’s a lot of colds, allergies, sinusitis, asthma…. Supposedly, it gives asthma to children, it’s infected many with asthma…. In their noses, it [the Sea] smells awful.”
“I have a question, regarding the diseases of the [Salton Sea], how true is it that the [Salton Sea] produces … like right now that you can feel that the air is the kind that can damage the lungs of the children, how true is that?”
3.4. Agricultural Labor Impacts on Health
“When have you seen [Americans] working their tail off, in this blazing heat, getting sunburnt, with thorns? I work in the date [farm], I am all pricked, all blistered. When do you see a gabacho [White person] all pricked? Or scratching and scratching? They aren’t like us [immigrants], working ourselves to death out in the field. On our knees.”
“Because of the [high] temperatures, you can get heat exhaustion, but you don’t inform [a supervisor]. You can deal with it because they’re going to fire you or because you need work. But you must speak up… And they don’t give you information. They only give you a workplace training one time, but you need to be informed.”
“I think that many children are born that way with mental delays, possibly because the dad used drugs, or the mom, or because of the chemicals, or because of what they spray here over the plants and field. Because I’ve seen a lot of kids here who have mental delays.”
“The ones who are pregnant, the chemicals they spray on the vegetables and all, that’s why they come out sick, the kids, the babies. They are [born] sick, too, because of that. The pesticides.”
“There are many people that suffer from the chemicals. We have a family member who died from that. He breathed in too many chemicals and died. Intoxication of chemicals. And that’s [also] a cause of prostate cancer.”
“To be honest, I do suffer a bit from nervousness… I think that maybe I did end up traumatized. Like scared. [My employer] told me to go see a psychologist so that I could receive therapy, but I felt fine. But, like, sometimes I don’t know, I just jump. I’ll be sleeping, and suddenly I jump.”
“I, [have depression], because I lost a daughter… It’s just that here, when a person is depressed, it’s a threat because they’re supposedly suicidal, they are going to kill themselves or harm someone, but it’s not like that; if it’s treated in time, it’s not like that… Many people, because they’re in this country, I’m referring to Latinos, we don’t go to a doctor. We [can’t] say, ‘Oh, yes, I feel depressed, I cry a lot, I feel a void, I feel very lonely…’ because then they tell you, ‘Have you tried to commit suicide? Who have you hurt?’ And it’s not like that. I don’t want to kill myself; I am just sad.”
“There are many people medicated or self-medicated… It’s like a bit of an irony that mom and dad are against [teens using drugs], but they are also really drugged at the workplace.”
“One day I had a headache and, I asked the supervisor, ‘Do you have any pills for headaches?’ and she told me ‘No, but I have, here have some of this.’ And she gave me one [opioid], and boy did they have me high. She bought them in Mexicali. I felt like a drug addict, like I was flying. They’re the ones they call opioids, but she said they were the prescribed kind and that’s why she’d get them from Mexicali. They don’t sell them here unless you have a prescription. That’s why she gets them there.”
3.5. Community Proposed Solutions
“There are many mosquitos here, and more so here because you know there are a lot of puddles… A lot of water is thrown below the plants, they need water to grow, and that is where mosquitos breed, and a lot of mosquitos.”
“…And also to take a class on what is bronchitis. I think there are classes on breathing [problems], because there are breathing classes for people who have that problem.”
“You can also get cancer from being in the sun. In the skin, you get [cancer], but [cancer] can later be in the blood. When a person has leukemia and you work in the field, they don’t know they have leukemia. You get [cancer]—but most people don’t know when they have leukemia. They just say, ‘Oh I think I have that,’ but they don’t go get checked… Also, many people don’t know what cancer is, because there are many forms of cancer you can have. I’ve seen it on TV.”
“Anemia … one doesn’t know what anemia is, sometimes one doesn’t know. They don’t inform us. [People] just say, ‘Oh, my kid got anemia,’ but [they] are not informed… But when one doesn’t know, one doesn’t take heed. That’s why more information is so important.”
“… Many people who are injured at work do not speak up, so long as they don’t get fired. Because you don’t have information, you have to obtain information regarding injuries: that you have rights to speak up over why you feel sick and that they should pay for the days that you didn’t work. But no, we go to work saying, ‘No, they will fire me’. But no, you have to have the right information.”
4. Discussion
5. Limitations and Next Steps
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics | n (%) |
---|---|
Ethnicity/Race | |
Latino/Hispanic | 72 (95) |
Indigenous | 1 (1) |
Not indicated | 3 (4) |
Age | |
18 to 24 | 7 (9) |
25 to 39 | 20 (26) |
40 to 49 | 22 (29) |
50+ | 27 (36) |
Gender | |
Female | 56 (74) |
Male | 20 (26) |
Country of Origin | |
México | 68 (90) |
Guatemala | 1 (1) |
El Salvador | 1 (1) |
Other (US) | 1 (1) |
Not indicated | 5 (7) |
Language | |
Spanish-speaking only | 62 (82) |
Purépecha-speaking only | 5 (7) |
Bilingual English and Spanish | 5 (7) |
Marital Status | |
Married or civil union | 54 (71) |
Single | 11 (14) |
Divorced or separated | 6 (8) |
Widowed | 3 (4) |
Single mother | 1 (1) |
Not indicated | 2 (3) |
Highest level of education: | |
None | 6 (6) |
Kindergarten | 3 (4) |
Grade 1–8 | 37 (49) |
Grades 9–11 | 9 (12) |
Some college or technical school | 11 (14) |
College 4 years | 3 (4) |
Graduate school or advanced degree | 3 (4) |
Not indicated | 2 (3) |
Housing | |
Trailer | 44 (52) |
House | 24 (32) |
Converted garage | 3 (4) |
Vehicle | 2 (3) |
Apartment | 1 (1) |
Not indicated | 2 (3) |
Employment | 50 (66) |
Current Employment as Farm worker | 45 (59) |
Healthcare Services | |
Health insurance | 33 (43) |
Access to local healthcare clinic | 39 (51) |
Had visited a doctor in the last 12 months | 48 (63) |
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Cheney, A.M.; Barrera, T.; Rodriguez, K.; Jaramillo López, A.M. The Intersection of Workplace and Environmental Exposure on Health in Latinx Farm Working Communities in Rural Inland Southern California. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912940
Cheney AM, Barrera T, Rodriguez K, Jaramillo López AM. The Intersection of Workplace and Environmental Exposure on Health in Latinx Farm Working Communities in Rural Inland Southern California. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912940
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheney, Ann Marie, Tatiana Barrera, Katheryn Rodriguez, and Ana María Jaramillo López. 2022. "The Intersection of Workplace and Environmental Exposure on Health in Latinx Farm Working Communities in Rural Inland Southern California" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912940