Organizational Factors Associated with Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge, Attitudes, and Implementation among Nurses in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Theoretical Framework
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Study Setting and Participants
2.4. Data Collection Procedures
Measures
2.5. Ethical Considerations
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. The Associations of Nursing Leadership and Work Environment Supports, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Implementation
3.3. Differences in Nursing Leadership and Work Environment Supports, Knowledge, Attitude, and Implementation by Sample Characteristics and Organizational Factors
3.4. Multiple Linear Regression Analyses
3.5. EBP Nursing Leadership and Hospital Supports
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | n (%) or Mean ± SD (Range) |
---|---|
Age | 33.55 ± 6.70 (23–59) |
Gender | |
Male | 33 (14.5) |
Female | 194 (85.5) |
Nationality | |
Saudi | 16 (7.0) |
Non-Saudi | 211 (93.0) |
Years of experience | 10.54 ± 6.37 (1–36) |
Level of Education | |
Diploma | 64 (28.2) |
BSN or higher | 163 (71.8) |
Hospital Type | |
Non-MOH, Public | 46 (20.3) |
MOH, Public | 54 (23.8) |
Teaching | 73 (32.2) |
Private | 54 (23.8) |
Magnet recognition | |
Yes | 46 (20.3) |
No | 181 (79.7) |
Unit Type | |
General units | 104 (45.8) |
ICU | 52 (22.9) |
ER | 71 (31.3) |
Received EBP training | |
Yes | 154 (67.8) |
No | 73 (32.2) |
Research involvement | |
Yes | 85 (37.4) |
No | 142 (62.6) |
Research and EBP Council familiarity | |
Yes | 176 (77.5) |
No | 51 (22.5) |
Variables (Possible Score Range) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Range | Mean (SD) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nursing leadership support (10–50) | 1 | 11–50 | 38.27 (7.00) | ||||
2 | Work environment support (8–40) | 0.671 ** | 1 | 16–40 | 29.22 (5.45) | |||
3 | Knowledge (1–7) | 0.405 ** | 0.384 ** | 1 | 1.36–6.93 | 4.72 (0.96) | ||
4 | Attitudes (1–7) | 0.325 ** | 0.257 ** | 0.357 ** | 1 | 1–7 | 4.82 (1.49) | |
5 | Implementation (1–7) | 0.300 ** | 0.302 ** | 0.545 ** | 0.460 ** | 1 | 1–7 | 4.36 (1.53) |
Variables | Nursing Leadership Support | Work Environment Support | Knowledge | Attitudes | Implementation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Possible Range | 10–50 | 8–40 | 1–7 | 1–7 | 1–7 | ||||||
Range | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||||
Age | 23–59 | r = 0.065 | r = 0.094 | r = 0.081 | r = 0.064 | r = 0.039 | |||||
Gender | Male Female | 37.33 (6.85) 38.43 (7.03) | t = 0.830 | 26.91 (5.80) 29.61 (5.30) | t= 2.665 b | 4.67 (0.95) 4.72 (0.99) | t = 0.287 | 4.62 (1.34) 4.85 (1.52) | t = 0.828 | 4.22 (1.44) 4.38 (1.55) | t = 0.534 |
Nationality | Saudi Non-Saudi | 39.75 (7.06) 38.16 (7.00) | t = 0.877 | 28.88 (7.62) 29.24 (5.27) | t = −0.259 | 4.80 (1.01) 4.71 (0.99) | t = 0.357 | 5.03 (1.46) 4.80 (1.50) | t = 0.584 | 4.42 (1.70) 4.35 (1.52) | t = 0.156 |
Years of experience | 1–36 | r = 0.002 | r = 0.038 | r = 0.050 | r = 0.039 | r = 0.058 | |||||
Level of Education | Diploma BSN or higher | 38.58 (5.94) 38.15 (7.38) | t = 0.417 | 30.13 (4.67) 28.86 (5.70) | t = 1.580 | 4.71 (1.02) 4.72 (0.98) | t = −0.085 | 4.82 (1.29) 4.82 (1.57) | t = −0.026 | 4.30 (1.60) 4.38 (1.51) | t = −0.334 |
Hospital Type | Non-MOH, Public MOH, Public Teaching Private | 41.00 (6.39) 37.00 (7.96) 36.63 (6.08) 39.43 (6.89) | F= 5.003 b | 30.91 (5.99) 27.83 (5.41) 29.07 (5.14) 29.35 (5.15) | F= 2.736 a | 4.71 (1.09) 4.52 (0.88) 4.70 (0.95) 4.95 (1.02) | F = 1.807 | 5.46 (1.14) 4.15 (1.34) 5.05 (1.19) 4.64 (1.95) | F= 7.855 c | 4.30 (1.77) 4.06 (1.30) 4.57 (1.34) 4.43 (1.76) | F = 1.213 |
Magnet recognition | Yes No | 41.00 (6.39) 37.57 (7.00) | t= 3.016 b | 30.91 (5.99) 28.78 (5.24) | t= 2.390 a | 4.71 (1.09) 4.72 (0.96) | t = −0.046 | 5.46 (1.14) 4.66 (1.53) | t= 3.303 b | 4.30 (1.77) 4.37 (1.47) | t = −0.271 |
Unit Type | General ICU ER | 38.82 (7.39) 36.65 (7.13) 38.65 (6.20) | F = 1.820 | 28.94 (5.49) 28.67 (5.27) 30.01 (5.51) | F = 1.152 | 4.34 (1.01) 5.15 (0.74) 4.82 (0.82) | F= 10.604 c | 4.65 (1.63) 5.00 (1.33) 4.94 (1.39) | F = 1.284 | 4.01 (1.68) 4.48 (1.47) 4.79 (1.21) | F= 5.937 b |
EBP training | Yes No | 38.32 (6.98) 38.15 (7.09) | t = 0.175 | 29.32 (5.49) 29.00 (5.39) | t = 0.410 | 4.84 (0.98) 4.45 (0.96) | t= 2.818 b | 4.87 (1.49) 4.71 (1.51) | t = 0.774 | 4.33 (1.54) 4.41 (1.52) | t = −0.367 |
Research involvement | Yes No | 39.05 (7.21) 37.80 (6.86) | t = 1.298 | 29.85 (5.76) 28.84 (5.24) | t = 1.353 | 4.95 (0.95) 4.58 (0.98) | t= 2.834 b | 4.81 (1.61) 4.83 (1.42) | t = −0.091 | 4.58 (1.31) 4.23 (1.64) | t = 1.677 |
Research and EBP Council familiarity | Yes No | 39.27 (6.46) 34.82 (7.74) | t= 4.131 c | 29.88 (5.30) 26.92 (5.40) | t= 3.498 b | 4.83 (0.96) 4.33 (0.98) | t= 3.262 b | 4.99 (1.45) 4.24 (1.53) | t= 3.214 b | 4.46 (1.52) 4.02 (1.55) | t = 1.789 |
Step | Variable | EBP | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge | Attitudes | Implementation | |||||
β | R2 Change | β | R2 Change | β | R2 Change | ||
1 | Demographics * | 0.070 a | 0.017 | 0.024 | |||
EBP training—Yes | 0.152 a | 0.052 | −0.057 | ||||
Research involvement—Yes | 0.160 a | −0.014 | 0.125 | ||||
2 | Level of education—Diploma | −0.132 a | 0.277 c | 0.150 c | 0.158 c | ||
EBP training—Yes | 0.138 a | ||||||
Organizational factors | |||||||
Magnet recognition—Yes | −0.114 | 0.148 a | −0.077 | ||||
Unit type—ICU | 0.329 c | 0.156 a | 0.160 a | ||||
Unit type—ER | 0.169 b | −0.093 | 0.228 b | ||||
Research and EBP Council familiarity—Yes | 0.047 | 0.104 | 0.036 | ||||
Nursing leadership support | 0.321 c | 0.262 b | 0.218 a | ||||
Work environment support | 0.172 a | 0.031 | 0.144 | ||||
3 | Magnet recognition—Yes | 0.049 c | 0.246 c | ||||
Unit type—ER | 0.179 b | 0.128 a | |||||
Nursing leadership support | 0.001 | ||||||
Work environment support | 0.173 | 0.063 | |||||
Knowledge | −0.016 | 0.418 c | |||||
Attitudes | 0.275 c | 0.318 c | |||||
Cumulative R2 | 0.347 c | 0.217 c | 0.429 c |
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Alqahtani, N.; Oh, K.M.; Kitsantas, P.; Rodan, M.; Innab, A.; Asiri, S.; Kerari, A.; Bin Hayyan, F.; Alharbi, M.; Bahari, G. Organizational Factors Associated with Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge, Attitudes, and Implementation among Nurses in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 8407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148407
Alqahtani N, Oh KM, Kitsantas P, Rodan M, Innab A, Asiri S, Kerari A, Bin Hayyan F, Alharbi M, Bahari G. Organizational Factors Associated with Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge, Attitudes, and Implementation among Nurses in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(14):8407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148407
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlqahtani, Naji, Kyeung M. Oh, Panagiota Kitsantas, Margaret Rodan, Adnan Innab, Saeed Asiri, Ali Kerari, Fayez Bin Hayyan, Mohammad Alharbi, and Ghareeb Bahari. 2022. "Organizational Factors Associated with Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge, Attitudes, and Implementation among Nurses in Saudi Arabia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14: 8407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148407