The Impact of Consequences Awareness of Public Environment on Medicine Return Behavior: A Moderated Chain Mediation Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hypotheses and Conceptual Model
2.1. Consequences Awareness of the Public Environment and Proper Return Behavior
2.2. The Mediating Effect of Personal Norms
2.3. The Mediating Effect of Return Intention
2.4. Chain Mediating Effect of Personal Norms and Return Intention
2.5. The Moderating Effect of Personal Health Awareness
3. Methodology
3.1. Questionnaire Design
3.2. Data Collection and Sample
4. Empirical Results
4.1. Reliability and Validity
4.2. Common Method Deviation Test
4.3. Correlation Analysis
- Consequences awareness of the public environment had a positive correlation with personal norms (r = 0.530, p < 0.01), personal health awareness (r = 0.563, p < 0.01), return intention (r = 0.553, p < 0.01), and proper return behavior (r = 0.248, p < 0.01).
- There was a significant positive correlation between personal norms and personal health awareness (r = 0.507, p < 0.01), and personal norms had a significantly positive correlation with return intention (r = 0.638, p < 0.01), and was positively correlated with proper return behavior (r = 0.242, p < 0.01).
- Personal health awareness was significantly positively correlated with return intention (r = 0.385, p < 0.01) and normal return behavior (r = 0.242, p < 0.01).
- There was a significant positive correlation between return intention and proper return behavior (r = 0.284, p < 0.01).
4.4. Hypothesis Test
4.4.1. Mediation Model Test
4.4.2. Moderating Effect Test
5. Discussion
5.1. The Direct Impact of Consequences Awareness of the Public Environment on Proper Return Behavior
5.2. The Mediating Effect of Personal Norms and Return Intention
5.3. The Moderating Effect of Personal Health Awareness
5.4. Implications for Medicine Return Management
5.5. Limitations and Future Research
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Scales | Items |
---|---|
Consequences Awareness of the Public Environment | Discarding medicines improperly will cause serious pollution to the environment. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) |
Discarding medicines will cause much more pollution to the environment than I had realized. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) | |
Recycling unused or expired medicines from home can reduce environmental pollution. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) | |
Personal Norms | I think it is a social virtue to recycle my unused or expired medicines. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) |
I should do something to recycle my unused or expired medicines. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) | |
I think that recycling unused or expired medicines is my contribution to the environment. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) | |
I feel that I have done a great service to society by recycling the medicines that are no longer used. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) | |
Personal Health Awareness | I think there is a risk of accidental ingestion of expired medicines if they are not handled in time. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) |
I think that the direct disposal of medicines in rubbish bins or sewers may affect my personal health. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) | |
I think taking medicines that have been idle for a long time or have soon expired has bad effects to my health. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) | |
Return Intention | I am willing to collect unused or expired medicines stored at home and take them for return. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) |
I am willing to encourage my relatives and friends to participate in medicine return activities. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) | |
I am willing to participate in proper medicines recycling activities. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) | |
I am willing to publicize and promote proper medicines recycling activities. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) | |
Proper Return Behavior | I have the experience of taking unused or expired medicines for return. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) |
I have the experience of publicizing or being informed about the knowledge of medicine return. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) | |
I used to recycle unused or expired medicines properly and regularly. 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) |
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Model | CFI | TLI | IFI | RMSEA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Five-Factor Model: CAPE, PN, PHA, RI, PRB | 2.740 | 0.949 | 0.936 | 0.949 | 0.069 |
Four-Factor Model: CAPE, PN + PHA, RI, PRB | 4.189 | 0.903 | 0.883 | 0.903 | 0.093 |
Three-Factor Model: CAPE + PN + PHA, RI, PRB | 5.246 | 0.867 | 0.844 | 0.868 | 0.108 |
Two-Factor Model: CAPE + PN + PHA + RI, PRB | 7.769 | 0.785 | 0.752 | 0.786 | 0.136 |
One-Factor Model: CAPE + PN + PHA + RI + PRB | 12.975 | 0.616 | 0.561 | 0.618 | 0.181 |
Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PEA | 4.380 | 0.662 | 1 | ||||
PN | 4.288 | 0.687 | 0.530 ** | 1 | |||
PHA | 4.313 | 0.717 | 0.563 ** | 0.507 ** | 1 | ||
RI | 4.200 | 0.746 | 0.553 ** | 0.638 ** | 0.385 ** | 1 | |
PRB | 2.627 | 1.331 | 0.248 ** | 0.242 ** | 0.242 ** | 0.284 ** | 1 |
Path | Indirect Effect Estimation | CI at 95% Level | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total indirect effect | 0.127 | 0.060 | 0.203 | |
Indirect effect | CAPE-PN-PRB | 0.023 | −0.042 | 0.084 |
CAPE-RI-PRB | 0.056 | 0.023 | 0.111 | |
CAPE-PN-RI-PRB | 0.048 | 0.017 | 0.096 |
Moderator | Path: CAPE-PN-RI-PRB | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indirect Effect | CI at 95% Level | ||
Lower Limit | Upper LIMIT | ||
Low PHA | 0.018 | −0.015 | 0.063 |
Medium PHA | 0.048 | 0.017 | 0.096 |
High PHA | 0.077 | 0.036 | 0.140 |
Hypotheses | Results |
---|---|
Hypothesis 1 (H1). Consequences awareness of the public environment has a positive impact on proper return behavior. | Not Supported |
Hypothesis 2 (H2). Personal norms plays a mediating role between consequences awareness of the public environment and proper medicine return behavior. | Not Supported |
Hypothesis 3 (H3). Return intention plays a mediating role between consequences awareness of the public environment and proper return behavior. | Supported |
Hypothesis 4 (H4). Personal norms and return intention have a chain mediating effect on the relationship between consequences awareness of the public environment and proper return behavior. | Supported |
Hypothesis 5 (H5). Personal health awareness moderates the positive impact of return intention on proper return behavior. | Supported |
Hypothesis 6 (H6).Personal health awareness moderates the chain mediating effect of personal norms and return intention on the relationship between consequences awareness of the public environment and proper return behavior. | Supported |
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Lv, J.; Liu, X.; Lay, S. The Impact of Consequences Awareness of Public Environment on Medicine Return Behavior: A Moderated Chain Mediation Model. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9756. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189756
Lv J, Liu X, Lay S. The Impact of Consequences Awareness of Public Environment on Medicine Return Behavior: A Moderated Chain Mediation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9756. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189756
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv, Jun, Xuan Liu, and Sivhuang Lay. 2021. "The Impact of Consequences Awareness of Public Environment on Medicine Return Behavior: A Moderated Chain Mediation Model" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9756. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189756