Real-World Clinical Outcomes and Adverse Events in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Ibrutinib: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Oversight and Eligibility
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Study Endpoints
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population
3.2. Pre-Ibrutinib Treatment Regimens
3.3. Outcomes
3.4. Ibrutinib Therapy
3.5. Adverse Events
3.6. Second Primary Malignancy
3.7. Autoimmune Cytopenia Related to CLL
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | TN Patients (n = 16) | R/R CLL Patients (n = 107) | Overall Population (n = 123) |
---|---|---|---|
Median age (IQR), years | 59 (53–68.8) | 65 (59–74) | 65 (58–71) |
Gender, male, n (%) | 8 (50) | 68 (63.6) | 76 (61.8) |
ECOG PS, n (%) 0 1 2 3–4 | 5 (31.3) 11 (68.8) 0 (0) 0 (0) | 14 (13.1) 62 (57.9) 28 (26.2) 3 (2.8) | 19 (15.4) 73 (59.3) 28 (22.8) 3 (2.4) |
Comorbidities, n (%) Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease a COPD Viral hepatitis B b Gastro-enteral disease Pre-existing cancer other than CLL Neurologic disease Viral hepatitis C b Biliary lithiasis Thyroid disease Permanent atrial fibrillation | 5 (31.3) 1 (6.3) 2 (12.5) 2 (12.5) 2 (12.5) 0 (0.0) 2 (12.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0) 2 (12.5) 4 (25) 0 (0.0) | 48 (44.9) 25 (23.4) 37 (34.6) 11 (10.2) 10 (9.3) 7 (6.5) 5 (4.7) 4 (3.7) 3 (2.8) 3 (2.8) 2 (1.9) 3 (2.8) | 53 (43.1) 26 (21.1) 39 (31.7) 13 (10.6) 12 (9.8) 7 (5.7) 7 (5.7) 4 (3.3) 3 (2.4) 5 (4.1) 6 (4.9) 3 (2.4) |
Concomitant anticoagulation c, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (2.8) | 3 (2.4) |
Median (IQR) CIRS score, points ≥6 points, n (%) | 1 (0–2.75) 0 (0.0) | 2 (1–4) 12 (12.1) | 2 (1–4) 12 (9.8) |
Rai stage, n (%) Stage 0-I Stage II Stage III Stage IV | 1 (6.3) 7 (43.8) 5 (31.3) 3 (18.8) | 9 (8.4) 51 (47.7) 17 (15.9) 30 (28) | 10 (8.1) 58 (47.2) 22 (17.9) 33 (26.8) |
Binet stage, n (%) Stage A Stage B Stage C | 1 (6.3) 8 (50) 7 (43.8) | 2 (1.9) 67 (62.6) 38 (35.5) | 3 (2.4) 75 (61) 45 (36.6) |
Number of previous therapies, n (%) 0 1 2 ≥3 | 16 (13) NA NA NA | NA 48 (44.9) 49 (45.8) 10 (9.3) | 16 (13) 48 (39) 49 (39.8) 10 (8.1) |
High-risk prognostic factors d, n (%) Unmutated IGHV, missing 17p deletion, missing TP 53 mutations, missing | 13 (81.3), 2 6 (37.5), 0 6 (37.5), 1 | 29 (27.1), 77 7 (6.5), 71 9 (8.4), 77 | 42 (34.1), 79 13 (10.6), 71 15 (22.2), 78 |
Laboratory parameters Median B2M (IQR), mg/LMedian LDH (IQR), UI/L Median Hemoglobin (IQR), g/dL Median Platelets (IQR), ×109/L Median Creatinine (IQR), mg/dL | 5.5 (3.1–6.9) 400 (260–465) 11.9 (8.7–12.5) 143 (103–176) 1.12 (0.92–1.15) | 4.9 (3.8–6.2) 280 (207–371) 12.1(10.1–13.3) 125 (84–177) 0.98 (0.86–1.1) | 4.9 (3.7–6.4) 296 (210–387) 12 (9.8–13.2) 126 (85–177) 0.98 (0.87–1.12) |
Autoimmune CLL complications, n (%) AIHA PRCA | 2 (12.5) 0 (0) | 4 (3.7) 1 (0.9) | 6 (4.9) 1 (0.8) |
Regimen | First-Line Therapy n = 107 (100%) | Second or Later-Line Therapy n = 59 (55.1%) |
---|---|---|
FCR | 27 (25.2) | 8 (13.6) |
R-CVP | 22 (20.6) | 15 (25.4) |
R-CHOP | 17 (15.9) | 10 (16.9) |
Clb | 13 (12.1) | 8 (13.6) |
R-Clb | 10 (9.3) | 3 (5.1) |
FC | 8 (7.5) | 6 (10.2) |
G-Clb | 5 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) |
CVP/CHOP | 4 (3.7) | 4 (6.8) |
BR | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.7) |
Rituximab | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) |
Alemtuzumab | NA | 1 (1.7) |
Idela-R | NA | 1 (1.7) |
Ofatumumab | NA | 1 (1.7) |
Other therapies | NA | 2 (3.4) |
Type of Response | Treatment-Naïve n = 16 | Relapsed/Refractory n = 107 | Overall Population n = 123 |
---|---|---|---|
Overall response rate, n (%) | 14 (87.5) | 92 (86) | 106 (86.2) |
Patient’s best response, n (%) Complete response a Partial response Stable disease Progression Death | 8 (50) 6 (37.5) 2 (12.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) | 46 (42.9) 46 (43) 14 (13.1) 1 (0.9) 27 (25.2) | 54 (43.9) 52 (42.3) 16 (13) 1 (0.8) 27 (22) |
Disease progression at any time after ibrutinib initiation, n (%) | 3 (18.8) | 28 (26.2) | 31 (25.2) |
Study | Current Study R/R Patients | Current Study TN Patients | RESONATE Study R/R CLL | RESONATE-2 Study 1st Line |
---|---|---|---|---|
Median follow-up | 37 months | 19 months | 72 months | 96 months |
Median PFS | 50 months | NR | 44.1 months | NR |
24-month PFS rate | 77.7% | 75.8% | 74% | 89% |
Median OS | NR | NR | 67.7 months | NR |
24-months OS rate | 87.9% | NR | 86% | 95% |
A | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Univariate Model | Multivariate Model | ||
Hazard Ratio | p-Value | Hazard Ratio | p-Value | |
Age | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.55 | – | – |
ECOG PS 2–4 | 2.2 (1.2–3.9) | 0.01 | 2.7 (1.4–5.2) | 0.003 |
Rai stage III/IV | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 0.865 | – | – |
Binet stage C | 0.8 (0.5–1.5) | 0.57 | – | – |
CIRS ≥ 6 | 1.6 (0.7–3.4) | 0.251 | – | – |
No. of previous treatments ≥ 2 | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 0.841 | – | – |
TILT < 24 months | 6.2 (1.9–19.9) | 0.002 | 5.7 (1.7–18.9) | 0.004 |
IGHV unmutated * | 2.0 (1.0–4) | 0.042 | 1.4 (0.4–4.8) | 0.575 |
Del 17p * | 3.6 (1.6–8.1) | 0.003 | 1.4 (0.5–4.3) | 0.549 |
TP53 * | 2.3 (0.9–5.8) | 0.074 | 0.7 (0.2–2.7) | 0.607 |
B | ||||
Variable | Univariate Model | Multivariate Model | ||
Hazard Ratio | p-Value | Hazard Ratio | p-Value | |
Age | 1.02 (1.0–1.1) | 0.20 | 1.0 (1–1.1) | 0.436 |
ECOG PS 2–4 | 2.38 (1.1–5.1) | 0.026 | 2.1 (0.9–4.9) | 0.089 |
Rai stage III/IV | 0.74 (0.3–1.6) | 0.44 | – | – |
Binet stage C | 0.56 (0.2–1.3) | 0.170 | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.106 |
CIRS ≥ 6 | 1.8 (0.7–4.6) | 0.188 | 1.0 (0.4–2.7) | 0.981 |
No. of previous treatments ≥ 2 | 1.2 (0.5–2.7) | 0.644 | – | – |
TILT < 24 months | 10.6 (1.4–78.1) | 0.021 | 9.7 (1.3–70.4) | 0.028 |
IGHV unmutated * | 1.1 (0.4–3.0) | 0.898 | – | – |
Del 17p * | 1.1 (0.2–5.6) | 0.924 | – | – |
TP53 * | 0.5 (0.7–4.0) | 0.536 | – | – |
Reason for Ibrutinib Discontinuation | Frontline n = 16 | Relapse/Refractory n= 107 | Overall Population n = 123 |
---|---|---|---|
CLL progression, n (%) | 2 (12.5) | 19 (17.8) | 21 (17.1) |
Other/unrelated death, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (13.1) | 14 (11.4) |
Toxicity, n (%) | 2 (12.5) | 9 (8.4) | 11 (8.9) |
Second primary malignancy, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (5.6) | 6 (4.9) |
Richter transformation, n (%) | 1 (6.3) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (1.6%) |
Variable | Permanent Discontinuation | Toxicity-Related Permanent Discontinuation | Grade ≥ 3 AEs | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | |
Age ≥ 65 years | 0.912 | 1.0 (0.5–2.4) | 0.357 | 2.1 (0.4–9.7) | 0.470 | 1.4 (0.6–3.1) |
ECOG PS ≥ 2 | 0.010 | 3.5 (1.4–9.0) | – | – | 0.044 | 2.5 (1.0–6.0) |
CIRS ≥ 6 | 0.025 | 12.0 (1.4–104.8) | 0.011 | 21.6 (2.1–226.6) | 0.503 | 1.6 (0.4–5.9) |
No. of prior therapies ≥ 2 | 0.420 | 0.4 (0.6–3.1) | 0.019 | 0.1 (0.0–0.7) | – | – |
Adverse Events | Any Grade, n (%) | Grade ≥ 3, n (%) |
---|---|---|
Infections | 36 (29.3) | 11 (8.9) |
Lung infections Sepsis Urinary tract infections Skin infections Upper respiratory infections Other infections | 13 (10.6) 9 (7.3) 8 (6.5) 6 (4.9) 6 (4.9) 10 (8.0) | 4 (3.3) 9 (7.3) 2 (1.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.8) |
Non-Hematological Toxicities | 86 (69.9) | 22 (17.9) |
Bleeding | 30 (24.4) | 4 (3.3) |
Hypertension | 29 (23.6) | 11 (8.9) |
Rash maculo-papular | 23 (18.7) | 0 (0.0) |
Myalgia | 17 (13.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Diarrhea | 11 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) |
Atrial fibrillation/Atrial flutter | 11 (8.9) | 1 (0.8) |
Other cardiac rhythm disorders | 10 (8.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Hepatitis B virus reactivation | 8 (6.5%) | 2 (1.6%) |
Arthritis/tendinitis | 5 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Gastritis | 5 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Transaminitis | 5 (4.1) | 1 (0.8) |
Ulcerative stomatitis | 4 (3.3) | 1 (0.8) |
Neuropathy | 4 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) |
Hematological Toxicities | 52 (42.3) | 21 (17.1) |
Anemia | 34 (27.6) | 7 (5.7) |
Thrombocytopenia | 32 (26.0) | 3 (2.4) |
Neutropenia Febrile neutropenia | 26 (21.1) 6 (4.9) | 16 (13) 6 (4.9) |
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Moldovianu, A.-M.; Stoia, R.; Vasilica, M.; Ursuleac, I.; Badelita, S.N.; Tomescu, A.A.; Preda, O.D.; Bardas, A.; Cirstea, M.; Coriu, D. Real-World Clinical Outcomes and Adverse Events in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Ibrutinib: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Medicina 2023, 59, 324. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020324
Moldovianu A-M, Stoia R, Vasilica M, Ursuleac I, Badelita SN, Tomescu AA, Preda OD, Bardas A, Cirstea M, Coriu D. Real-World Clinical Outcomes and Adverse Events in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Ibrutinib: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Medicina. 2023; 59(2):324. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020324
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoldovianu, Ana-Maria, Razvan Stoia, Mariana Vasilica, Iulia Ursuleac, Sorina Nicoleta Badelita, Andra Alina Tomescu, Oana Diana Preda, Alexandru Bardas, Mihaela Cirstea, and Daniel Coriu. 2023. "Real-World Clinical Outcomes and Adverse Events in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Ibrutinib: A Single-Center Retrospective Study" Medicina 59, no. 2: 324. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020324