The Impact of Ethnicity on Fetal and Maternal Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Patients and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HR-GDM n = 76 | LR-GDM n = 399 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 31.6 ± 5.0 | 34.8 ± 5.4 | <0.001 * |
Gestational week at enrolment (n) | 27.4 ± 6.1 | 27.6 ± 5.3 | 0.78 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 ± 6.0 | 26.6 ± 6.7 | 0.97 |
3rd trimester BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 ± 6.6 | 30.0 ± 6.3 | 0.92 |
Family history of T2D (%) | 60.6 | 36.1 | <0.001 * |
Previous GDM (%) | 20.5 | 9.0 | 0.012 * |
Nulliparity (%) | 26.0 | 34.3 | 0.21 |
Previous miscarriages (%) | 24.7 | 37.6 | 0.17 ‡ |
Insulin therapy (%) | 50.0 | 40.1 | 0.15 |
Gestational hypertension (%) | 5.4 | 8.1 | 0.63 |
HR-GDM n = 76 | LR-GDM n = 399 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
FPG (mg/dL) | 99.6 ± 16.3 | 92.5 ± 14.7 | 0.18 |
Gestational week OGTT (n) | 23.1 ± 5.6 | 24.6 ± 4.7 | 0.035 * |
Glycaemia T0 16–18 w (mg/dL) | 94.9 ± 14.8 | 92.9 ± 11.1 | 0.55 |
Glycaemia T60 16–18 w (mg/dL) | 188.1 ± 31.3 | 171.7 ± 40.6 | 0.14 |
Glycaemia T120 16–18 w (mg/dL) | 146.6 ± 34.9 | 144.8 ± 36.7 | 0.85 |
Glycaemia T0 24–28 w (mg/dL) | 91.3 ± 11.8 | 88.0 ± 11.5 | 0.09 |
Glycaemia T60 24–28 w (mg/dL) | 177.6 ± 35.0 | 176.9 ± 32.5 | 0.90 |
Glycaemia T120 24–28 w (mg/dL) | 153.9 ± 30.7 | 149.4 ± 34.5 | 0.42 |
HbA1c (26–29 w) (%) | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | <0.001 * |
TC (mg/dL) | 230.2 ± 46.9 | 252.5 ± 57.5 | 0.06 |
LDL-c (mg/dL) | 120.4 ± 43.6 | 140.3 ± 49.4 | 0.056 |
HDL-c (mg/dL) | 63.2 ± 16.7 | 72.0 ± 26.4 | 0.13 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 233.5 ± 60.1 | 222.5 ± 101.8 | 0.59 |
HR-GDM n = 76 | LR-GDM n = 399 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Gestational week (n) | 29.2 ± 4.9 | 30.1 ± 4.3 | 0.34 |
BPD (mm) | 72.6 ± 13.6 | 76.6 ± 14.0 | 0.24 |
HC (mm) | 255.3 ± 52.0 | 280.8 ± 38.8 | 0.06 |
AC (mm) | 247.1 ± 66.1 | 264.6 ± 61.0 | 0.24 |
FL (mm) | 55.4 ± 12.5 | 58.4 ± 9.8 | 0.24 |
HL (mm) | 49.1 ± 11.7 | 52.5 ± 7.5 | 0.16 |
EFW (g) | 2033.2 ± 467.0 | 1911.8 ± 564.0 | 0.48 |
HR-GDM n = 28 | LR-GDM n = 83 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Gestational week delivery (n) | 37.1 ± 1.3 | 38.3 ± 1.8 | 0.009 * |
Caesarean section (%) | 72.2 | 66.7 | 0.78 |
Impaired growth | 35.7 | 12.0 | 0.009 * |
LGA (%) | 21.4 | 7.2 | - |
SGA (%) | 14.3 | 4.8 | - |
Apgar score | 8.6 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.9 | 0.07 |
Hypoglycemia (%) | 16.7 | 2.4 | 0.13 |
Jaundice (%) | 8.3 | 2.5 | 0.41 |
ARDS (%) | 0 | 2.4 | 1.00 |
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Filardi, T.; Gentile, M.C.; Venditti, V.; Valente, A.; Bleve, E.; Santangelo, C.; Morano, S. The Impact of Ethnicity on Fetal and Maternal Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes. Medicina 2022, 58, 1161. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091161
Filardi T, Gentile MC, Venditti V, Valente A, Bleve E, Santangelo C, Morano S. The Impact of Ethnicity on Fetal and Maternal Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes. Medicina. 2022; 58(9):1161. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091161
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilardi, Tiziana, Maria Cristina Gentile, Vittorio Venditti, Antonella Valente, Enrico Bleve, Carmela Santangelo, and Susanna Morano. 2022. "The Impact of Ethnicity on Fetal and Maternal Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes" Medicina 58, no. 9: 1161. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091161