Chronic and Recurrent Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Clinical Manifestations
3.3. Clinical Course
3.3.1. Chronic Disease
3.3.2. Recurrent Disease
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic | No. (%) Mean ± SD or Range |
---|---|
Sex | |
Male | 66 (50.77) |
Female | 64 (49.23) |
Age at presentation (years) | |
Mean | 55.18 ± 17.66 |
Range | 11–89 |
Immune status | |
Immunocompetent | 116 (89.23) |
Immunocompromised | 14 (10.77) |
Treatment duration (days) | |
Mean | 82.22 ± 199.56 |
Range | 3–1575 |
Chronic HZO | 31 (23.85) |
Acute HZO | 99 (76.15) |
Recurrent HZO | 19 (14.62) |
No recurrent HZO | 111 (85.38) |
Clinical Manifestation | Frequency (%) |
---|---|
No eye involvement, only rash | 26 (20) |
Conjunctivitis | 49 (37.69) |
Epithelial keratitis | 60 (46.15) |
Stromal keratitis | 10 (7.69) |
Endothelial keratitis | 15 (11.54) |
Uveitis | 8 (6.15) |
Increased IOP | 10 (7.7) |
Cranial nerve palsy | 2 (1.5) |
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | OR (95% CI) | p Value 1 | OR (95% CI) | p Value 1 |
Age (years) | 0.985 (0.963–1.018) | 0.1911 | 0.963 (0.927–1.001) | 0.0530 |
Sex | 1.900 (0.834–4.331) | 0.1268 | 1.248 (0.344–4.533) | 0.7124 |
Immune status | 0.500 (0.106–2.367) | 0.3823 | ||
Conjunctivitis | 2.133 (0.941–4.839) | 0.0698 | 8.698 (1.619–46.736) | 0.0154 |
Epithelial keratitis | 2.682 (1.160–6.200) | 0.0211 | 41.495 (1.82–20.29) | 0.0005 |
Stromal keratitis | 40.070 (4.826–332.720) | 0.0006 | 46.605 (2.597–836.357) | 0.0005 |
Endotheliitis | 13.062 (3.773–45.221) | <0.0001 | 3.171 (0.401–25.079) | 0.0693 |
Uveitis | 11.640 (2.214–61.193) | 0.0037 | 6.519 (0.324–131.281) | 0.3798 |
Increased IOP | 16.869 (3.356–84.800) | 0.0006 | 4.815 (0.437–53.019) | 0.1940 |
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | HR (95% CI) | p Value 1 | HR (95% CI) | p Value 1 |
Age (years) | 1.000 (0.974–1.025) | 0.9723 | 1.027 (0.980–1.067) | 0.1661 |
Sex | 3.161(1.138–8.777) | 0.0272 | 2.606 (0.690–9.837) | 0.1576 |
Immune status | 1.052 (0.243–4.556) | 0.9455 | ||
Conjunctivitis | 2.321 (0.933–5.771) | 0.0700 | 2.671 (0.654–10.910) | 0.1713 |
Epithelial keratitis | 2.876 (1.092–7.571) | 0.0324 | 5.550 (1.207–29.993) | 0.0465 |
Stromal keratitis | 14.924 (5.460–40.795) | <0.0001 | 18.811 (2.929–120.824) | 0.0020 |
Endotheliitis | 5.638 (2.214–14.353) | 0.0003 | 0.221 (0.039–1.246) | 0.0871 |
Uveitis | 5.441 (1782–16.612) | 0.0029 | 1.484 (0.218–10.094) | 0.6863 |
Increased IOP | 14.925 (5.818–38.286) | <0.0001 | 7.306 (1.606–33.242) | 0.0101 |
Primary Tx duration | 1.003 (1.002–1.004) | <0.0001 | 0.999 (0.997–1.001) | 0.4745 |
Chronic course | 32.146 (3.473–297.543) | 0.0022 | 34.405 (3.647–324.611) | 0.0020 |
Patient Number | Sex | Age (Years) | Immune Status | First Ocular Manifestation | Recurred Ocular Manifestation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | F | 40 | competent | S,U | S |
2 | M | 35 | competent | S,I | S |
3 | F | 22 | competent | E | S |
4 | F | 58 | competent | C,E,I | C |
5 | M | 76 | competent | C,E,S,e | E,S,e |
6 | F | 57 | competent | E | S |
7 | F | 54 | competent | C,e | E |
8 | M | 63 | competent | E,S,I | S, I |
9 | F | 61 | competent | C,S,e,U | S,e |
10 | F | 59 | competent | C,E | S |
11 | F | 62 | compromised | C,E | S,e |
12 | F | 71 | competent | C,E,e | S |
13 | F | 23 | competent | E,S | S |
14 | F | 44 | compromised | C,E,S | E,S |
15 | M | 53 | competent | C | C |
16 | F | 71 | competent | E,e,U | E |
17 | F | 62 | competent | C,E | E |
18 | F | 67 | competent | C,E | E |
19 | M | 70 | competent | E | E |
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Lee, S.M.; Han, J.; Yang, C.M.; Choi, C.Y.; Khoramnia, R.; Chung, T.-Y.; Lim, D.H. Chronic and Recurrent Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. Medicina 2021, 57, 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57100999
Lee SM, Han J, Yang CM, Choi CY, Khoramnia R, Chung T-Y, Lim DH. Chronic and Recurrent Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. Medicina. 2021; 57(10):999. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57100999
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Soo Min, Jisang Han, Chan Min Yang, Chul Young Choi, Ramin Khoramnia, Tae-Young Chung, and Dong Hui Lim. 2021. "Chronic and Recurrent Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus" Medicina 57, no. 10: 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57100999