Medicina

12 pages, 652 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

A Systematic Review to Assess the Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Glycaemia in People with Diabetes Mellitus

by Sudhanshu Baitule, Aaran H. Patel, Narasimha Murthy, Sailesh Sankar, Ioannis Kyrou, Asad Ali, Harpal S. Randeva and Tim Robbins

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1134; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101134 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3279

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Hyperbaric oxygen is a recognised treatment for a range of medical conditions, including treatment of diabetic foot disease. A number of studies have reported an impact of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on glycaemic control in patients undergoing treatment for diabetic [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Hyperbaric oxygen is a recognised treatment for a range of medical conditions, including treatment of diabetic foot disease. A number of studies have reported an impact of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on glycaemic control in patients undergoing treatment for diabetic foot disease. There has been no systematic review considering the impact of hyperbaric oxygen on glycaemia in people with diabetes. Materials and Methods: A prospectively PROSPERO-registered (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021255528) systematic review of eligible studies published in English in the PUBMED, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases, based on the following search terms: hyperbaric oxygen therapy, HBO2, hyperbaric oxygenation, glycaemic control, diabetes, diabetes Mellitus, diabetic, HbA1c. Data extraction to pre-determined piloted data collection form, with individual assessment of bias. Results: In total, 10 eligible publications were identified after screening. Of these, six articles reported a statistically significant reduction in blood glucose from hyperbaric oxygen treatment, while two articles reported a statistically significant increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity. Two articles also identified a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c following hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Conclusions: There is emerging evidence suggesting a reduction in glycaemia following hyperbaric oxygen treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus, but the existing studies are in relatively small cohorts and potentially underpowered. Additional large prospective clinical trials are required to understand the precise impact of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on glycaemia for people with diabetes mellitus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hyperbaric Medicine)

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12 pages, 1613 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Bradykinin Receptors in the Etiopathogenesis of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

by Aleksander Obtulowicz, Pawel Dubiela, Wojciech Dyga, Kamila Migacz-Gruszka, Tomasz Mikolajczyk, Anna Wojas-Pelc and Krystyna Obtulowicz

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101133 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1703

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a distressing skin condition, which manifests as red, swollen, itchy, and sometimes painful hives or wheals appearing on skin. Recently, CSU has been associated with bradykinin release, which was previously discovered to be the main [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a distressing skin condition, which manifests as red, swollen, itchy, and sometimes painful hives or wheals appearing on skin. Recently, CSU has been associated with bradykinin release, which was previously discovered to be the main trigger of hereditary angioedema attacks. To study the role of bradykinin receptors 1 (BR1) and 2 (BR2) in the etiopathogenesis of CSU. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 individuals, 30 patients with CSU and 30 healthy subjects, were recruited to the study. CSU was diagnosed in accordance with the standardized protocol of dermatological assessment of skin symptoms. The level of bradykinin receptors was determined in populations of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ lymphocytes as well as in CD14⁺⁺CD16⁻, CD14⁺⁺CD16⁺ and CD14⁺CD16⁺ monocytes. In addition, urticaria activity score summed over 7 days (UAS-7) was assessed and correlated with BR1 and BR2 expression. Results: A statistically significant higher concentration of BR1 expression in lymphocytes was found in patients with CSU, compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between UAS-7 and BR1/BR2 expression in CD14⁺⁺CD16⁻ cells (p = 0.03, R = 0.4). Conclusions: Bradykinin receptors are elevated in selected populations of lymphocytes in symptomatic CSU patients compared to healthy controls, indicating their role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronic Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Current Treatment and Future)

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10 pages, 4208 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perioperative Risk Stratification: A Need for an Improved Assessment in Surgery and Anesthesia—A Pilot Study

by Bianca-Liana Grigorescu, Irina Săplăcan, Marius Petrișor, Ioana Roxana Bordea, Raluca Fodor and Alexandra Lazăr

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1132; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101132 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2780

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Numerous scoring systems have been introduced into modern medicine. None of the scoring systems assessed both anesthetic and surgical risk of the patient, predict the morbidity, mortality, or the need for postoperative intensive care unit admission. The aim of [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Numerous scoring systems have been introduced into modern medicine. None of the scoring systems assessed both anesthetic and surgical risk of the patient, predict the morbidity, mortality, or the need for postoperative intensive care unit admission. The aim of this study was to compare the anesthetic and surgical scores currently used, for a better evaluation of perioperative risks, morbidity, and mortality. Material and Methods: This is a pilot, prospective, observational study. We enrolled 50 patients scheduled for elective surgery. Anesthetic and surgery risk was assessed using American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scale, Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and morbidity (P-POSSUM), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), and Surgical APGAR Score (SAS) scores. The real and the estimated length of stay (LOS) were registered. Results: We obtained several statistically significant positive correlations: ASA score–P-POSSUM (p < 0.01, r = 0.465); ASA score–SAS, (p < 0.01, r = −0.446); ASA score–APACHE II, (p < 0.01 r = 0.519); predicted LOS and ASA score (p < 0.01, r = 0.676); predicted LOS and p-POSSUM (p < 0.01, r = 0.433); and predicted LOS and APACHE II (p < 0.01, r = 0.454). A significant negative correlation between predicted LOS, real LOS, ASA class, and SAS (p < 0.05) was observed. We found a statistically significant difference between the predicted and actual LOS (p < 001). Conclusions: Anesthetic, surgical, and severity scores, used together, provide clearer information about mortality, morbidity, and LOS. ASA scale, associated with surgical scores and severity scores, presents a better image of the patient’s progress in the perioperative period. In our study, APACHE II is the best predictor of mortality, followed by P-POSSUM and SAS. P-POSSUM score and ASA scale may be complementary in terms of preoperative physiological factors, providing valuable information for postoperative outcomes. Full article

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23 pages, 498 KiB

Open AccessReview

Can We Predict Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Behavior? Role of Genetic and Molecular Markers

by Rita Niciporuka, Jurijs Nazarovs, Arturs Ozolins, Zenons Narbuts, Edvins Miklasevics and Janis Gardovskis

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1131; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101131 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2656

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is ranked in ninth place among all the newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2020. Differentiated thyroid cancer behavior can vary from indolent to extremely aggressive. Currently, predictions of cancer prognosis are mainly based on clinicopathological features, which are direct consequences of [...] Read more.

Thyroid cancer is ranked in ninth place among all the newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2020. Differentiated thyroid cancer behavior can vary from indolent to extremely aggressive. Currently, predictions of cancer prognosis are mainly based on clinicopathological features, which are direct consequences of cell and tissue microenvironment alterations. These alterations include genetic changes, cell cycle disorders, estrogen receptor expression abnormalities, enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix degradation, increased hypoxia, and consecutive neovascularization. All these processes are represented by specific genetic and molecular markers, which can further predict thyroid cancer development, progression, and prognosis. In conclusion, evaluation of cancer genetic and molecular patterns, in addition to clinicopathological features, can contribute to the identification of patients with a potentially worse prognosis. It is essential since it plays a crucial role in decision-making regarding initial surgery, postoperative treatment, and follow-up. To date, there is a large diversity in methodologies used in different studies, frequently leading to contradictory results. To evaluate the true significance of predictive markers, more comparable studies should be conducted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Technology and Treatment in Thyroid Surgery)

8 pages, 830 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes Using the da Vinci S, Si, X, and Xi Robotic Platforms for BABA Robotic Thyroidectomy

by Hye Rim Shin, Keunchul Lee, Hyeong Won Yu, Su-jin Kim, Young Jun Chai, June Young Choi and Kyu Eun Lee

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1130; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101130 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2268

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Robotic thyroidectomy via the bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA), first introduced in Korea in 2008, has become a standard method of thyroid removal worldwide. The introduction of robotic surgical systems has enabled more patients to benefit from BABA robotic thyroidectomy, [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Robotic thyroidectomy via the bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA), first introduced in Korea in 2008, has become a standard method of thyroid removal worldwide. The introduction of robotic surgical systems has enabled more patients to benefit from BABA robotic thyroidectomy, with good postoperative and excellent cosmetic results. To date, no studies have compared the benefits of the four currently available da Vinci robotic systems (S, Si, X, and Xi) for BABA robotic thyroidectomy. To determine the da Vinci model most suitable for BABA robotic thyroidectomy, the present study compared the perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent BABA robotic thyroidectomy using the four da Vinci models. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated outcomes in patients (n = 750) who underwent BABA robotic thyroidectomy using the four da Vinci systems from 2013 to 2019. The clinicopathologic data, including operation time, were compared. Substudy A compared the da Vinci models S and Si from 2013 to 2017, and substudy B compared models Si, X, and Xi from 2018 to 2019. Results: Substudy A, comparing the da Vinci S and Si systems, found no statistically significant differences between the two groups, whereas substudy B found that operation time was shorter in patients who underwent BABA robotic thyroidectomy with the da Vinci Xi system than with the Si and X systems. Conclusions: The da Vinci model Xi system can benefit patients undergoing BABA robotic thyroidectomy by shortening the operation time. Full article

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9 pages, 2455 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stimulation of Healing of Non-Infected Stagnated Diabetic Wounds by Copper Oxide-Impregnated Wound Dressings

by Eyal Melamed, Alexei Rovitsky, Tohar Roth, Lior Assa and Gadi Borkow

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1129; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101129 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2628

Abstract

Background and Objective: Copper, a wide spectrum biocide, also plays a key role in angiogenesis and wound healing. Antibacterial wound dressings impregnated with copper oxide microparticles (COD) have been recently cleared by the U.S. FDA and other regulatory bodies for the treatment [...] Read more.

Background and Objective: Copper, a wide spectrum biocide, also plays a key role in angiogenesis and wound healing. Antibacterial wound dressings impregnated with copper oxide microparticles (COD) have been recently cleared by the U.S. FDA and other regulatory bodies for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds, including diabetic wounds. Our objective was to evaluate the capacity of COD in stimulating the healing of non-infected stagnated wounds in diabetic patients initially treated with standard of care (SOC) dressings. Materials and Methods: The trial was divided into the three following phases: 1–2 weeks of screening, during which the patients were treated with SOC dressings; 4 weeks of treatment, during which the COD was applied twice weekly; and 2 weeks of follow-up, during which the patients were again treated with SOC dressings. The wound conditions and sizes were assessed by clinical evaluation and a wound imaging artificial intelligence system. Results: Following 1 month of COD treatment, there was a clear reduction in the mean wound area (53.2%; p = 0.003), an increase in granulation tissue (43.37; p < 0.001), and a reduction in fibrins (47.8%; p = 0.002). In patients with non-weight-bearing wounds, the reduction in wound size was even more dramatic (66.9%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this study, showing a statistically significant influence of COD on wound healing of hard-to-heal wounds in diabetic patients, strongly supports the notion that copper oxide-impregnated dressings enhance wound healing directly. Further larger controlled studies should be conducted to substantiate our findings. Full article

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11 pages, 1869 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gastrodia elata Blume and Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc Mixed Extract Suppress Platelet Aggregation and Thrombosis

by Yong-Deok Jeon, Ji-Hyun Lee, Mi-Ran Park, Ji-Ye Lim, Sa-Haeng Kang, Dae-Ki Kim and Young-Mi Lee

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1128; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101128 - 18 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2031

Abstract

Background and objectives: Blood vessel thrombosis causes blood circulation disorders, leading to various diseases. Currently, various antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs, such as aspirin, warfarin, heparin, and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), are used as the major drugs for the treatment of a [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: Blood vessel thrombosis causes blood circulation disorders, leading to various diseases. Currently, various antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs, such as aspirin, warfarin, heparin, and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), are used as the major drugs for the treatment of a wide range of thrombosis. However, these drugs have a side effect of possibly causing internal bleeding due to poor hemostasis when taken for a long period of time. Materials and Methods: Gastrodia elata Blume (GE) and Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc (ZS) are known to exhibit hemostatic and antiplatelet effects as traditional medicines that have been used for a long time. In this study, we investigated the effect of a mixed extract of GE and ZS (MJGE09) on platelet aggregation and plasma coagulation. Results: We found that MJGE09 inhibited collagen-and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. In addition, collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner on the platelets of mice that were orally administered MJGE09 ex vivo. However, compared with aspirin, MJGE09 did not prolong the rat tail vein bleeding time in vivo and did not show a significant effect on the increase in the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Conclusions: These results suggest that MJGE09 can be used as a potential anticoagulant with improved antithrombotic efficacy. Full article

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12 pages, 553 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Management of Acute Colonic Diverticulitis in the COVID-19 Era: A Scoping Review

by Roberto Cirocchi, Riccardo Nascimbeni, Gloria Burini, Carlo Boselli, Francesco Barberini, Justin Davies, Salomone Di Saverio, Diletta Cassini, Bruno Amato, Gian Andrea Binda and Gabrio Bassotti

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1127; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101127 - 18 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2325

Abstract

Background and Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems worldwide made major changes to their organization, delaying diagnosis and treatment across a broad spectrum of pathologies. Concerning surgery, there was an evident reduction in all elective and emergency activities, particularly for benign [...] Read more.

Background and Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems worldwide made major changes to their organization, delaying diagnosis and treatment across a broad spectrum of pathologies. Concerning surgery, there was an evident reduction in all elective and emergency activities, particularly for benign pathologies such as acute diverticulitis, for which we have identified a reduction in emergency room presentation with mild forms and an increase with more severe forms. The aim of our review was to discover new data on emergency presentation for patients with acute diverticulitis during the Covid-19 pandemic and their current management, and to define a better methodology for surgical decision-making. Method: We conducted a scoping review on 25 trials, analyzing five points: reduced hospital access for patients with diverticulitis, the preferred treatment for non-complicated diverticulitis, the role of CT scanning in primary evaluation and percutaneous drainage as a treatment, and changes in surgical decision-making and preferred treatment strategies for complicated diverticulitis. Results: We found a decrease in emergency access for patients with diverticular disease, with an increased incidence of complicated diverticulitis. The preferred treatment was conservative for non-complicated forms and in patients with COVID-related pneumonia, percutaneous drainage for abscess, or with surgery delayed or reserved for diffuse peritonitis or sepsis. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic we observed an increased number of complicated forms of diverticulitis, while the total number decreased, possibly due to delay in hospital or ambulatory presentation because of the fear of contracting COVID-19. We observed a greater tendency to treat these more severe forms by conservative means or drainage. When surgery was necessary, there was a preference for an open approach or a delayed operation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Acute Colonic Diverticulitis)

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8 pages, 22791 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Bilateral Proximal Tibiofibular Synostosis Caused by Osteochondroma in a 21-Year-Old Highly Active Male—First in Literature

by Lorenz Pisecky, Gerhard Großbötzl, Stella Stevoska, Christian Stadler, Maximilian Ziernhöld, Petar Noack, Tobias Gotterbarm and Matthias Luger

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1126; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101126 - 18 Oct 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3020

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Up until now, only one case of unilateral proximal tibiofibular synostosis caused by osteochondroma has been reported. This report is the first well-documented bilateral case of proximal tibiofibular synostosis caused by an osteochondroma. Case Report: A 21-year-old, highly [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Up until now, only one case of unilateral proximal tibiofibular synostosis caused by osteochondroma has been reported. This report is the first well-documented bilateral case of proximal tibiofibular synostosis caused by an osteochondroma. Case Report: A 21-year-old, highly active male patient with bilateral proximal tibiofibular synostosis caused by an osteochondroma suffering from persistent knee pain is presented. As conservative methods had failed, the patient was treated by bilateral open resection of the connecting bone. Histopathological findings confirmed the preoperative diagnosis. The patient returned to sports three weeks after surgery and continued soccer training six weeks after surgery. Discussion: The case report presents the successful treatment of a bilateral proximal tibiofibular synostosis caused by an osteochondroma by bilateral open resection of the connecting bone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Human Anatomy and Pathophysiology)

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10 pages, 5745 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Term Pain Characteristics and Management Following Minimally Invasive Spinal Decompression and Open Laminectomy and Fusion for Spinal Stenosis

by Gilad J. Regev, Gil Leor, Ran Ankori, Uri Hochberg, Dror Ofir, Morsi Khashan, Ron Kedem, Zvi Lidar and Khalil Salame

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1125; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101125 - 18 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1669

Abstract

Background and Objectives: To compare the long-term pain characteristics and its chronic management following minimally invasive spinal (MIS) decompression and open laminectomy with fusion for lumbar stenosis. Materials and Methods: The study cohort included patients with a minimum 5-year postoperative follow-up [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: To compare the long-term pain characteristics and its chronic management following minimally invasive spinal (MIS) decompression and open laminectomy with fusion for lumbar stenosis. Materials and Methods: The study cohort included patients with a minimum 5-year postoperative follow-up after undergoing either MIS decompression or laminectomy with fusion for spinal claudication. The primary outcome of interest was chronic back and leg pain intensity. Secondary outcome measures included pain frequency during the day, chronic use of non-opioid analgesics, narcotic medications, medical cannabinoids, and continuous interventional pain treatments. Results: A total of 95 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis underwent one- or two-level surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis between April 2009 and July 2013. Of these, 50 patients underwent MIS decompression and 45 patients underwent open laminectomy with instrumented fusion. In the fusion group, a higher percentage of patients experienced moderate-to-severe back pain with 48% compared to 21.8% of patients in the MIS decompression group (p < 0.01). In contrast, we found no significant difference in the reported leg pain in both groups. In the fusion group, 20% of the patients described their back and leg pain as persistent throughout the day compared to only 2.2% in the MIS decompression group (p < 0.05). A trend toward higher chronic dependence on analgesic medication and repetitive pain clinic treatments was found in the fusion group. Conclusions: MIS decompression for the treatment of degenerative spinal stenosis resulted in decreased long-term back pain and similar leg pain outcomes compared to open laminectomy and instrumented fusion surgery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment Options)

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7 pages, 1214 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prediction of Judkins Left Catheter Size during Left Transradial Coronary Angiography by Simple Chest Radiographic and Echocardiographic Index

by Seong-Soon Kwon, Byoung-Won Park, Duk-Won Bang, Min-Ho Lee, Min-Su Hyon and Seong-Soo Lee

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101124 - 18 Oct 2021

Viewed by 2731

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Appropriate catheter selection when conducting transradial coronary angiography (CAG) helps shorten examination time, preventing vascular complications and lowering medical expense. However, catheter selection is made based on the practitioner’s experience in almost all cases. Therefore, we undertook this study to [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Appropriate catheter selection when conducting transradial coronary angiography (CAG) helps shorten examination time, preventing vascular complications and lowering medical expense. However, catheter selection is made based on the practitioner’s experience in almost all cases. Therefore, we undertook this study to define radiologic and echocardiographic indices that would enable physicians to anticipate appropriate catheter selection. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 244 undergoing transradial diagnostic CAG at an established center from February 2006 to April 2014. Patients who successfully underwent angiography with a JL3.5 catheter were defined as the control group, and patients who successfully underwent angiography after the catheter was replaced with a JL4.0 or higher were defined as the switched group. To identify predictors for appropriate catheter selection, radiologic and echocardiographic indices were analyzed. Results: A total of 122 patients in the switched group and 122 patients in the control group were analyzed in this study. Average age was 64.65 ± 8.6 years. In the radiographic index, the switched group exhibited a significantly higher mediastinal-thoracic ratio (0.27 ± 0.05 vs. 0.23 ± 0.03, p < 0.001. Additionally, the mediastinal-cardiac ratio was significantly greater in the switched group (0.50 ± 0.08 vs. 0.45 ± 0.05, p < 0.001). Aortic root diameter, which is used here as the echocardiographic index, was significantly larger in the switched group compared to the control group (34.94 ± 4.18 mm vs. 32.66 ± 3.99 mm, p < 0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression model, mediastinal-cardiac ratio (OR 5.197, 95% CI 2.608–10.355, p < 0.001) and increased aortic root (OR 2.115, 95% CI 1.144–3.912, p = 0.017) were significantly associated with catheter change. Conclusions: Mediastinal-cardiac ratio and aortic root diameter provide helpful and effective indices for appropriate catheter selection during transradial coronary angiography. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Cardiovascular Interventions)

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16 pages, 897 KiB

Open AccessReview

Provision of Palliative Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Ambulatory Care Organizations in the United States

by Cristian Lieneck, Jose Betancourt, Cynthia Daemen, Rhiannon Eich, Elisabeth Monty and Mindy Jo Petty

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101123 - 18 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1863

Abstract

Background and objectives: Ambulatory (outpatient) healthcare organizations continue to respond to the COVID-19 global pandemic using an array of initiatives to sustain a continuity of palliative care. Continuance of palliative care during major crises has been previously accomplished; however, the global pandemic presents [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: Ambulatory (outpatient) healthcare organizations continue to respond to the COVID-19 global pandemic using an array of initiatives to sustain a continuity of palliative care. Continuance of palliative care during major crises has been previously accomplished; however, the global pandemic presents new challenges to the US healthcare industry. Materials and methods: This systematic review queried four research databases to identify applicable studies related to the provision of palliative care during the pandemic in outpatient organizations within the United States. Results: There are two primary facilitators for the ongoing provision of palliative care for the outpatient segment of the United States healthcare industry: technology and advanced care planning. Researchers also identified two primary barriers in the outpatient setting impacting the continuance of palliative care: lack of resources and accessibility to care. Conclusions: This systematic review identified facilitators and barriers for palliative care initiatives in the United States that can further assist future outpatient (ambulatory care) providers at a global level as the pandemic and associated public health initiatives continue. Full article

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8 pages, 3190 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

A Rare Evolution to Pneumopericardium in Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia Treated with High Flow Nasal Cannula

by Giorgio Emanuele Polistina, Maurizia Lanza, Camilla Di Somma, Anna Annunziata and Giuseppe Fiorentino

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1122; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101122 - 18 Oct 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1588

Abstract

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which was revealed an official pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. The current pandemic, the third of this decade, is the worst in terms of suffering [...] Read more.

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which was revealed an official pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. The current pandemic, the third of this decade, is the worst in terms of suffering and deaths related. COVID-19 represents an unprecedented challenge for medical communities and patients around the world. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest (HRCT) is a fundamental tool in both management and diagnosis of the disease. Imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis of all the manifestations of the disease and its complications and the correct use and interpretation of imaging tests are essential. Pneumomediastinum has been reported rarely in COVID-19 patients. We were one of the first groups to share our experiences in uncommon parenchymal complications of COVID-19 with spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, but also with new-onset bronchiectasis and cysts. A finding of pneumopericardium is also unusual. We hereby report a rare case of spontaneous pneumopericardium in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia treated only with a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergency Medicine and Emergency Room Medical Issues)

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11 pages, 3618 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Radiological and Physiological Predictors of IPF Mortality

by Tomoo Kishaba, Akiko Maeda, Shoshin Yamazato, Daijiro Nabeya, Shin Yamashiro and Hiroaki Nagano

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1121; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101121 - 18 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2164

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has a variable clinical course, which ranges from being asymptomatic to progressive respiratory failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the novel clinical parameters of IPF patients who receive an anti-fibrotic agent. Materials [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has a variable clinical course, which ranges from being asymptomatic to progressive respiratory failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the novel clinical parameters of IPF patients who receive an anti-fibrotic agent. Materials and Methods: From January 2011 to January 2021, we identified 39 IPF patients at Okinawa Chubu Hospital. Clinical information was obtained, such as laboratory data, pulmonary function test (PFT) results, and chest images, including of soft tissue thickness and the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pattern at diagnosis. Results: The mean age was 72.9 ± 7.0 (53–85); 27 patients were men and 12 were women. The mean body mass index was 25.1 ± 3.9 (17.3–35). Twenty-four were active smokers and the median number of packs per year was 20. Regarding laboratory findings, mean white blood cell (WBC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Krebs Von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) values were 7816 ± 1859, 248 ± 47, and 1615 ± 1503, respectively. In PFT, the mean percent predicted FVC, percent predicted total lung capacity, percent predicted functional residual capacity (FRC), and percent predicted diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco) were 66.8 ± 14.9%, 71.8 ± 13.7%, 65 ± 39.6%, and 64.6 ± 27.9%, respectively. In chest radiological findings, soft tissue thickness at the right 9th rib was 26.4 ± 8.8 mm. Regarding chest HRCT patterns, 15 showed the definite usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern, 16 showed the probable UIP pattern, and eight showed the indeterminate for UIP pattern. In the treatment, 24 patients received pirfenidone and 15 patients took nintedanib. The mean observation period was 38.6 ± 30.6 months and 24 patients died. The median survival time was 32.4 months (0.9–142.5). Multivariate analysis adjusted for age showed that both soft tissue thickness [Hazard ratio (HR): 0.912, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.859–0.979, p-value: 0.009] and percent FRC [HR: 0.980, 95% CI: 0.967–0.992, p-value: 0.002] were robust predictors of IPF mortality. Conclusions: In IPF patients treated with anti-fibrotic agents, both soft tissue thickness at the right 9th rib shown on the chest radiograph and %FRC can be novel predictors of IPF mortality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pulmonary)

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10 pages, 1351 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Epidemiological Patterns of Hepatitis C in Lithuania: Changes in Surveillance from 2005 to 2018

by Samanta Grubyte, Jurgita Urboniene, Laura Nedzinskiene and Ligita Jancoriene

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1120; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101120 - 17 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1678

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Viral hepatitis C infection is an important public health concern worldwide because it is one of the major global causes of death and morbidity. The early identifi-cation of infected people, together with the provision of proper treatment, are the [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Viral hepatitis C infection is an important public health concern worldwide because it is one of the major global causes of death and morbidity. The early identifi-cation of infected people, together with the provision of proper treatment, are the key strategies used in preventing HCV infection. However, data regarding the epidemiological patterns of hep-atitis C in Lithuania are limited. The aim of this research was to evaluate trends in acute HCV cases registered via the national surveillance system in Lithuania during 2005–2018. Materials and Methods: Incidence rates were calculated for data, stratified by gender, age group (0–24, 25–54, 55–74, and 75+), place of residence (urban or rural), and the Lithuanian county where the case was recorded. The crude incidence rate of hepatitis C was defined as the number of new infec-tions per 100,000 people during a one-year time period. A linear regression was applied to evalu-ate IR trends during the period of 2005–2018. Results: From 2005 to 2018, 572 cases of acute hepa-titis C were registered, and the incidence rate ranged from 2.03 cases per 100,000 people in 2005 to 0.55 in 2016. A statistically significant decreasing trend in the incidence rate was found during the study period (p < 0.0001). Almost 63% of the acute HCV infections recorded via the national surveillance system were in individuals aged from 25 to 54 years. Conclusions: Being male, aged between 25 and 34 years, and living in the city might be important factors for understanding the epidemiological patterns of HCV in Lithuania. Although the number of HCV cases recorded in Lithuania is decreasing, our country has one of the highest IRs compared to other European countries. This shows that a new approach to hepatitis C virus screening strategies is needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology & Public Health)

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9 pages, 329 KiB

Open AccessReview

Fragility Fractures: Risk Factors and Management in the Elderly

by Filippo Migliorini, Riccardo Giorgino, Frank Hildebrand, Filippo Spiezia, Giuseppe Maria Peretti, Mario Alessandri-Bonetti, Jörg Eschweiler and Nicola Maffulli

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1119; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101119 - 17 Oct 2021

Cited by 62 | Viewed by 3574

Abstract

Given the progressive ageing of Western populations, the fragility fractures market has a growing socioeconomic impact. Fragility fractures are common in the elderly, negatively impacting their quality of life, limiting autonomy, increasing disability, and decreasing life expectancy. Different causes contribute to the development [...] Read more.

Given the progressive ageing of Western populations, the fragility fractures market has a growing socioeconomic impact. Fragility fractures are common in the elderly, negatively impacting their quality of life, limiting autonomy, increasing disability, and decreasing life expectancy. Different causes contribute to the development of a fractures in frail individuals. Among all, targeting fragile patients before the development of a fracture may represent the greatest challenge, and current diagnostic tools suffer from limitations. This study summarizes the current evidence on the management of fragility fractures, discussing risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, and actual limitations of the clinical therapeutic options, putting forward new ideas for further scientific investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hip and Fragility Fracture Management)

9 pages, 648 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Adult Athletes: A Scoping Review

by Francesca Gimigliano, Giuseppina Resmini, Antimo Moretti, Milena Aulicino, Fiorinda Gargiulo, Alessandra Gimigliano, Sara Liguori, Marco Paoletta and Giovanni Iolascon

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1118; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101118 - 17 Oct 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5987

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Sport-related musculoskeletal injuries (MSK-Is) are a common health issue in athletes that can lead to reduced performance. The aim of this scoping review was to synthetize available evidence on injury incidence rates (IIRs), types, and sites that affect the [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Sport-related musculoskeletal injuries (MSK-Is) are a common health issue in athletes that can lead to reduced performance. The aim of this scoping review was to synthetize available evidence on injury incidence rates (IIRs), types, and sites that affect the musculoskeletal (MSK) system of adult athletes. Materials and Methods: We performed a scoping review on the Pubmed database limiting our search to 33 Olympic sports. Results: We identified a total of 1022 papers, and of these 162 were examined in full for the purpose of this review. Archery was the sport with the highest risk of injuries to the upper extremities, marathons for the lower extremities, and triathlon and weightlifting for the body bust. In the majority of the sports examined, muscle/tendon strain and ligament sprain were the most common MSK-Is diagnoses, while athletics, karate, and football were the sports with the highest IIRs, depending on the methods used for their calculations. Conclusions: Our scoping review highlighted the general lack and dishomogeneity in the collection of data on MSK-Is in athletes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Solutions for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Athletes)

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12 pages, 1124 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison and Performance Validation of Calculated and Established Anaerobic Lactate Thresholds in Running

by Sanghyeon Ji, Aldo Sommer, Wilhelm Bloch and Patrick Wahl

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1117; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101117 - 16 Oct 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3298

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to compare the calculated running velocity at the anaerobic lactate threshold (cLT_An), determined by a mathematical model for metabolic simulation, with two established threshold concepts (onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA; 4 mmol∙L⁻¹ [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to compare the calculated running velocity at the anaerobic lactate threshold (cLT_An), determined by a mathematical model for metabolic simulation, with two established threshold concepts (onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA; 4 mmol∙L⁻¹) and modified maximal deviation method (mDmax)). Additionally, all threshold concepts were correlated with performance in different endurance running events. Materials and Methods: Ten sub-elite runners performed a 30 s sprint test on a cycle ergometer adjusted to an isokinetic mode set to a cadence of 120 rpm to determine maximal lactate production rate (VLa_max), and a graded exercise test on a treadmill to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max). Running velocities at OBLA, mDmax, and cLT_An were then compared with each other, and further correlated with running performance over various distances (3000 m, 5000 m, and 10,000 m). Results: The mean difference in cLT_An was −0.13 ± 0.43 m∙s⁻¹ and −0.32 ± 0.39 m∙s⁻¹ compared to mDmax (p = 0.49) and OBLA (p < 0.01), respectively. cLT_An indicated moderate to good concordance with the established threshold concepts (mDmax: ICC = 0.87, OBLA: ICC = 0.74). In comparison with other threshold concepts, cLT_An exhibited comparable correlations with the assessed running performances (cLT_An: r = 0.61–0.76, mDmax: r = 0.69–0.79, OBLA: r = 0.56–0.69). Conclusion: Our data show that cLT_An can be applied for determining endurance performance during running. Due to the consideration of individual physiological profiles, cLT_An offers a physiologically justified approach to assess an athlete’s endurance performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Muscle and Exercise Physiology)

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14 pages, 1295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Change of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Symptoms over a Six-Year Period in Community-Dwelling People

by Koji Otani, Shin-ichi Kikuchi, Shoji Yabuki, Takuya Nikaido, Kazuyuki Watanabe, Kinshi Kato, Hiroshi Kobayashi and Shin-ichi Konno

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1116; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101116 - 16 Oct 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1993

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The high prevalence of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and its negative impact on quality of life in the elderly is well known. However, the longitudinal time course of LSS symptoms remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The high prevalence of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and its negative impact on quality of life in the elderly is well known. However, the longitudinal time course of LSS symptoms remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the longitudinal time course and associated factors of LSS symptoms over a period of six years in a community. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with data prospectively collected in 2004 and 2010 under a retrospective design. In 2004, 1578 subjects (age range: 40 to 79 years) were interviewed on LSS symptoms using a specially designed and validated questionnaire. In 2010, a follow-up study was performed by mail, to which 789 subjects of the 2004 study population responded. Considering that the presence of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee or hip may influence the participants’ answers in the questionnaire, analysis was performed in all 789 subjects with and 513 subjects without either knee or hip OA. Changes in LSS symptoms between the initial and the 6-year survey were investigated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used for detecting the risk factors for LSS symptom presence at the six-year follow-up. Results: 1. At the six-year follow-up, more than half of the subjects who showed LSS symptoms at the initial analysis became LSS-negative, and 12–15% of those who were LSS-negative became LSS-positive. 2. From the multiple logistic regression analysis, a lower Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) score and a positive LSS symptom at the initial analysis were detected as predictive factors of the presence of LSS symptoms at the six-year follow-up in the total number of subjects, as well as just in those who did not have either knee or hip OA. Conclusions: More than half of the subjects who were LSS-positive at their initial assessment still experienced improvement in their symptoms even after 6 years. This means that both LSS symptoms and their time course vary from person to person. Predictive factors for the presence of LSS symptoms during the six-year follow-up period were RDQ score and positive LSS symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment Options)

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11 pages, 997 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anticholinergic Burden of Geriatric Ward Inpatients

by Krzysztof Wilczyński, Marta Gorczyca, Jagna Gołębiowska and Jan Szewieczek

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1115; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101115 - 16 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2137

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Anticholinergic drug use in the pharmacotherapy of elderly persons is common despite the increased risk of side effects. We examined the prevalence of anticholinergic drug use and total anticholinergic drug burden among patients admitted to an acute care geriatric [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Anticholinergic drug use in the pharmacotherapy of elderly persons is common despite the increased risk of side effects. We examined the prevalence of anticholinergic drug use and total anticholinergic drug burden among patients admitted to an acute care geriatric ward in Poland. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study of 329 subjects hospitalized at the geriatric ward. Patient condition was assessed with a comprehensive geriatric assessment. The Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale was used to estimate the total anticholinergic load. Results: Mean patient age was 79.61 ± 6.82 years. 40.73% of them were burdened with at least one anticholinergic drug. The clinically significant anticholinergic burden was observed in 13.98% of subjects. Patients with dementia, risk of falls, and severe disability had significantly higher total ACB scores compared to other groups. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve revealed that the total ACB score ≥ 1 was significantly associated with dementia and the risk of falls. Total ACB score ≥ 2 was significantly associated with severe disability. Conclusions: Patients admitted to an acute care geriatric ward had an anticholinergic cognitive burden score comparable to other patient populations. We found associations at both low and elevated levels of anticholinergic burden with dementia and risk of falls. At elevated anticholinergic burden levels, we found associations with severe disability. Despite recommendations against the use of anticholinergics in older adults these medications are still commonly prescribed. Further study is necessary to define the characteristics of anticholinergic medication most closely associated with negative outcomes in elderly populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatrics/Aging)

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6 pages, 634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Postoperative Recovery after Manual and Target-Controlled Infusion of Remifentanil in Bariatric Surgery

by Greta Kasputytė, Paulina Gecevičienė, Aurika Karbonskienė, Andrius Macas and Almantas Maleckas

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1114; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101114 - 16 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1776

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Early postoperative recovery after surgery is a key point for patients’ safety and comfort. Moreover, operating room turnover depends on recovery time. Our aim was to assess which method of remifentanil administration, manual (MI) or target-controlled infusion (TCI), could [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Early postoperative recovery after surgery is a key point for patients’ safety and comfort. Moreover, operating room turnover depends on recovery time. Our aim was to assess which method of remifentanil administration, manual (MI) or target-controlled infusion (TCI), could reduce patient time in recovery room. In this study, patients’ recovery times were registered and compared among the groups. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 31 morbidly obese patients in this prospective study. All of them had undergone bariatric surgery at the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos in 2020. Sevoflurane/remifentanil anaesthesia was performed for all patients. The patients were randomly assigned to the manual infusion (MI) (control group) or target-controlled infusion (TCI) group for the method of the administration of remifentanil. While the patients were waking up after the surgery, we recorded spontaneous breathing and airway reflexes recovery time, time of extubation, eye opening, recovery of orientation and beginning of the following oral command. For the TCI group, we also documented remifentanil concentrations in the blood (automatic infusion pump). Results: Patients did not differ in demographic values and duration of remifentanil infusion. We found that remifentanil consumption in the TCI group was lower, p = 0.02. Despite lower remifentanil consumption in the TCI group patients, they demonstrated longer total recovery time than the control group patiens: 14 (12–20) vs. 10 (6–16), p = 0.001. Conclusions: The study showed that, upon comparing the TCI method with MI, manual infusion produced better results in postoperative patient recovery. Additionally, higher doses of remifentanil were consumed using MI. In conclusion, the dosage recommended by highly qualified anaesthesiologists is favourable for morbidly obesity patients when compared to the TCI method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Intensive Care/ Anesthesiology)

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11 pages, 2389 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coping Strategies and Health-Related Quality of Life in Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

by Madalina Timircan, Felix Bratosin, Iulia Vidican, Oana Suciu, Mirela Turaiche, Adrian Vasile Bota, Sorina Mitrescu and Iosif Marincu

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1113; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101113 - 16 Oct 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2694

Abstract

Background and Objectives: As maternal deaths associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection remain at several times greater than the general population, significant factors that might contribute to the higher mortality and morbidity rate are the psychological impact of the disease and pregnancy itself. Therefore, [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: As maternal deaths associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection remain at several times greater than the general population, significant factors that might contribute to the higher mortality and morbidity rate are the psychological impact of the disease and pregnancy itself. Therefore, the current study’s main objective was to assess how pregnant women react and cope with the stress of COVID-19 disease and how it influences their overall health and quality of life in healthcare facilities. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 304 pregnant women who successfully completed standardized forms to assess our topics of interest, comprising of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Short Form Health Survey-12, the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory scale, the CORE-Outcome Measure Questionnaire, and the Quality from the Patient’s Perspective questionnaire. Results: Unemployed, pregnant women living in poverty in the rural areas had higher SARS-CoV-2 infection rates during pregnancy. They faced higher anxiety levels and depression rates, with associated increased physical burden and exhaustion. However, these findings are not influenced by hospital care since it remained unchanged among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 maternity units, excepting significantly lower technical competence scores of COVID-19 facilities. Conclusions: As the pandemic’s consequences emerge and additional outbreaks occur, care must prioritize the additional physical burden experienced by pregnant women who have contracted COVID-19, as well as psychological, emotional, and mental health support. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infections and Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology, Mechanisms of Infection and Treatment Options)

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8 pages, 687 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fibromuscular Dysplasia/Carotid Web in Angio-CT Imaging: A Rare Cause of Ischemic Stroke

by Michalina Rzepka, Tomasz Chmiela, Joanna Bosowska, Maciej Cebula and Ewa Krzystanek

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1112; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101112 - 15 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2096

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Carotid web (CaW) is an intimal variant of fibromuscular dysplasia and may constitute as one of rare causes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of CaW in patients with AIS [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Carotid web (CaW) is an intimal variant of fibromuscular dysplasia and may constitute as one of rare causes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of CaW in patients with AIS or transient ischemic attack (TIA) based on head/neck CT angiography (CTA) in a Polish cohort study. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed by analyzing 1480 electronic clinical and imaging data regarding patients with AIS or TIA, hospitalized in the years 2018–2020 in the authors’ institution. The final sample consisted of 181 patients who underwent head/neck CTA; aged 67.81 ± 13.51 years (52% were women). All head/neck CTA studies were independently evaluated by two radiologists. The patient’s clinical condition was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS, 5.76 ± 4.05 and 2.88 ± 3.38 at admission and at discharge, respectively). Results: 27 patients were identified with CaW. The prevalence of CaW in the final sample (181 pts with good quality CTA) was 14.9%. In the CaW group, 89% patients had AIS, including 26% diagnosed with recurrent and 11% with cryptogenic strokes. There were no significant differences between the presence of CaW and gender, age, NIHSS score, recurrent or cryptogenic stroke. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that CaW may be an underrecognized entity leading to cerebrovascular events. The diagnosis of CaW depends on a high level of awareness and a comprehensive analysis of the neuroimaging studies. Our findings support the hypothesis that it is worthwhile to perform CTA to determine the etiology of ischemic stroke, particularly if predicting factors were not identified. Full article

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9 pages, 1034 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Patients’ Perception of Recovery after Dental Implant Placement

by Adrian Kahn, Daya Masri, Tamir Shalev, Haya Meir, Alon Sebaoun and Liat Chaushu

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1111; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101111 - 15 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1844

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The success rates of surgical dental implant insertions are high. However, knowledge of patients’ recovery is still lacking. “Health-related quality of life” (HRQOL) questionnaires are gaining popularity in all fields of medicine. The present survey assessed the perception of [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The success rates of surgical dental implant insertions are high. However, knowledge of patients’ recovery is still lacking. “Health-related quality of life” (HRQOL) questionnaires are gaining popularity in all fields of medicine. The present survey assessed the perception of recovery after the surgical placement of dental implants. Materials and Methods: Forty individuals (26 women and 14 men; mean age, 55 ± 12 years) filled a questionnaire evaluating patients’ perception of recovery for 7 consecutive days post-surgery. Confounding factors included age, gender, oral habits, smoking, bruxism, bone quality (tactile evaluation) and quantity, implant location, number of implants, implant type, length and diameter, one-stage vs. two-stage, and the need for bone grafting. Results: The most serious difficulties were found in swelling, which became minimal after 5 days, followed by eating everyday food, ability to enjoy everyday food, maximal pain and average pain (3 days); analgesics consumption (2.5 days); limitations in daily routine, mouth opening, and speech (2 days); swallowing and sleep (1.5 days); and, within 1 day, all other measures attained minimal levels. Gender, and implant location (anterior vs. posterior) were significant predictor variables exerting their different characteristic delayed recoveries. Conclusions: (1) Patients should expect, in general, recovery within 4 days after dental implant placement; (2) women will experience a delayed recovery, (3) implants placed in the intercanine area will result in postoperative eating difficulties for nearly one week, and (4) the number of implants placed during the same appointment has no effect on post treatment recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Surgery–Minimizing Postoperative Morbidity II)

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8 pages, 507 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exertional Desaturation Has Higher Mortality Than Non-Desaturation in COPD

by Shih-Feng Liu, Chien-Hung Chin, Ching-Wang Tseng, Yung-Che Chen and Ho-Chang Kuo

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1110; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101110 - 15 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1558

Abstract

Background and objectives: Exertional desaturation (ED) is often overlooked in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aim to investigate the impact of ED on mortality and the predictors of ED in COPD. Materials andmethods: A cohort of COPD patients with clinically stable, [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: Exertional desaturation (ED) is often overlooked in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aim to investigate the impact of ED on mortality and the predictors of ED in COPD. Materials andmethods: A cohort of COPD patients with clinically stable, widely ranging severities were enrolled. ED is defined as oxyhemoglobin saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) < 90% or a drop of ΔSpO2 ≥ 4% during a six-minute walk test (6MWT). Cox regression analysis is used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for three-year mortality. Results: A total of 113 patients were studied, including ED (N = 34) and non-ED (N = 79) groups. FVC (% of predicted value), FEV1/FVC (%), FEV1 (% of predicted value), DLCO (%), maximal inspiratory pressure, SpO2 during the 6MWT, GOLD stage, and COPD severity were significantly different between the ED and non-ED groups in univariate analysis. Low minimal SpO2 (p < 0.001) and high maximal heart rate (p = 0.04) during the 6MWT were significantly related to ED in multivariate analysis. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, 6MWD, FEV1, mMRC, GOLD staging, exacerbation, hs-CRP, and fibrinogen, the mortality rate of the ED group was higher than that of the non-ED group (p = 0.012; HR = 4.12; 95% CI 1.37–12.39). For deaths, the average survival time of ED was shorter than that of the non-ED group (856.4 days vs. 933.8 days, p = 0.033). Conclusions: ED has higher mortality than non-ED in COPD. COPD should be assessed for ED, especially in patients with low minimal SpO2 and high maximal HR during the 6MWT. Full article

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4 pages, 253 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Sepsis: New Challenges and Future Perspectives for an Evolving Disease—Precision Medicine Is the Way!

by Antonio Mirijello and Alberto Tosoni

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101109 - 15 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1328

Abstract

Sepsis still remains the leading cause of in-hospital death in the world [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Strategies for Treatment of Sepsis)

12 pages, 1170 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prognostic Factors for Post-Recurrence Survival in Stage II and III Colorectal Carcinoma Patients

by Neda Nikolic, Davorin Radosavljevic, Dusica Gavrilovic, Vladimir Nikolic, Nemanja Stanic, Jelena Spasic, Tamara Cacev, Sergi Castellvi-Bel, Milena Cavic and Goran Jankovic

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1108; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101108 - 15 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2081

Abstract

Background and objectives: This study aimed to evaluate prognostic factors for post-recurrence survival in local and locally advanced colorectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 273 patients with stage III and high-risk stage II colorectal cancer were prospectively enrolled. All [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: This study aimed to evaluate prognostic factors for post-recurrence survival in local and locally advanced colorectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 273 patients with stage III and high-risk stage II colorectal cancer were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent operative treatment of the primary tumor and adjuvant fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Results: Over the three-year period (2008–2010), a cohort of 273 patients with stage III and high-risk stage II colorectal cancer had been screened. During follow up, 105 (38.5%) patients had disease recurrence. Survival rates 1-, 3- and 5-year after recurrence were 53.9, 18.2 and 6.5%, respectively, and the median post-recurrence survival time was 13 months. Survival analysis showed that age at diagnosis (p < 0.01), gender (p < 0.05), elevated postoperative Ca19-9 (p < 0.01), tumor histology (adenocarcinoma vs. mucinous vs. signet ring tumors, p < 0.01) and tumor stage (II vs. III, p < 0.05) had a significant influence on post-recurrence survival. Recurrence interval and metastatic site were not related to survival following recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (HR 2.43), mucinous tumors (HR 1.51) and tumors expressing Ca19-9 at baseline (HR 3.51) were independently associated with survival following recurrence. Conclusions: Baseline patient and tumor characteristics largely predicted patient outcomes after disease recurrence. Recurrence intervals in local and locally advanced colorectal cancer were not found to be prognostic factors for post-recurrence survival. Older age, male gender, stage III and mucinous histology were poor prognostic factors after the disease had recurred. Stage II patients had remarkable post-recurrence survival compared to stage III patients. Full article

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8 pages, 1521 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Cannabis Dopaminergic Effects Induce Hallucinations in a Patient with Parkinson’s Disease

by Katie Pizzolato, David Thacker, Nicole Del Toro-Pagán, Abeer Hanna, Jacques Turgeon, Adriana Matos, Nishita Amin and Veronique Michaud

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1107; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101107 - 14 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3758

Abstract

Cannabis products that contain the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabinoid are emerging as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of medical conditions such as chronic pain. THC elicits psychoactive effects through modulation of dopaminergic neurons, thereby altering levels of dopamine in the brain. This case [...] Read more.

Cannabis products that contain the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabinoid are emerging as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of medical conditions such as chronic pain. THC elicits psychoactive effects through modulation of dopaminergic neurons, thereby altering levels of dopamine in the brain. This case report highlights the complexity associated with medicinal cannabis and the health risks associated with its use. A 57-year-old male with Parkinson’s disease was experiencing worsening tremors and vivid hallucinations despite therapy optimization attempts. It was discovered that the patient took cannabis for chronic back pain, and a pharmacogenomics (PGx) test indicated the presence of variants for the COMT and HTR2A genes. These variants could increase dopamine levels and predispose patients to visual hallucinations. Once the cannabis was discontinued, the patient’s hallucinations began to slowly dissipate. Cannabis use continues to expand as it gains more acceptance legally and medicinally, but cannabis can affect the response to drugs. This patient case suggests that cannabis use in combination with dopamine-promoting drugs, especially in a patient with genetic variants, can increase the risk for vivid hallucinations. These conditions support the importance of considering herb–drug interactions and PGx data when performing a medication safety review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Managing Pain)

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10 pages, 796 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of miRNAs as Therapeutic Tools in Sickle Cell Disease

by Cyril Cyrus

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1106; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101106 - 14 Oct 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2513

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Sickle cell disorder (SCD) is a paradigmatic example of a complex monogenic disorder. SCD is characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin, primarily in the deoxygenated state, which makes erythrocytes susceptible to intracellular hemoglobin polymerization. Functional studies have affirmed that [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Sickle cell disorder (SCD) is a paradigmatic example of a complex monogenic disorder. SCD is characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin, primarily in the deoxygenated state, which makes erythrocytes susceptible to intracellular hemoglobin polymerization. Functional studies have affirmed that the dysregulation of miRNAs enhances clinical severity or has an ameliorating effect in SCD. miRNAs can be effectively regulated to reduce the pace of cell cycle progression, to reduce iron levels, to influence hemolysis and oxidative stress, and most importantly, to increase γ-globin gene expression and enhance the effectiveness of hydroxyurea. Results: This review highlights the roles played by some key miRNAs in hemoglobinopathies, especially in hematopoiesis, erythroid differentiation, and severity of anemia, which make miRNAs attractive molecular tools for innovative therapeutic approaches. Conclusions: In this era of targeted medicine, miRNAs mimics and antagomirs may be promising inducers of HbF synthesis which could ameliorate the clinical severity of SCD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacology)

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9 pages, 459 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Epidemiology of Football-Related Sudden Cardiac Death in Turkey

by Ali Işın, Adnan Turgut and Amy E. Peden

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1105; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101105 - 14 Oct 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3412

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Sudden cardiac death (SCD), particular among elite footballers, has attracted much attention in recent times. However, limited information exists on football-related SCD in Turkey. Autopsy-based studies of sports-related sudden deaths in Turkey are rare and often have small sample [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Sudden cardiac death (SCD), particular among elite footballers, has attracted much attention in recent times. However, limited information exists on football-related SCD in Turkey. Autopsy-based studies of sports-related sudden deaths in Turkey are rare and often have small sample sizes. To address this, this study aimed to determine the population-based incidence and profile of football-related SCD nationally in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Due to a lack of national data on this issue, football-related SCD (non-elite competitive or recreational football) between 1 January 2011, and 31 December 2019 were identified by dual, independent identification and screening of online media reports. Deaths were explored by sex, age group, season, and phase of exercise. Descriptive statistics were utilised. Age-specific mortality rates and proportional mortality rates were calculated. Results: In total, 118 football-related SCD were identified, a crude mortality rate of 0.41 per 100,000 population. All fatalities were males and the mean age was 35.5 years ± 10.4. Those aged 40–49 years recorded the highest mortality rate (0.67/100,000), three times the risk of those aged 50–59 years (RR = 3.1; 95%CI:1.5–6.4). Those aged 30–39 recorded the highest age-specific proportional mortality rate (0.86/1000 deaths). The highest risk occurred while playing football (n = 97; 82.2%), with another 15% of deaths (n = 18) occurring within 1 h of play. Almost all fatalities (n = 113; 95.8%) occurred during participation in recreational football. Conclusions: This study has identified football-related SCD most commonly occurs during recreational football among males aged 30–49 years. It is recommended males of this age participating in recreational football be encouraged to seek pre-participation heart health checks. Given the value of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, future research should explore the feasibility and effectiveness of AEDs in preventing football-related SCD in Turkey including training of first responders in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and AED use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes)

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Medicina, Volume 57, Issue 10 (October 2021) – 139 articles

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