Measurement of Soot Concentration in Burner Diffusion Flames through Emission Spectroscopy with Particle Swarm Optimization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Image Processing Principles
The Improved Emission Spectroscopy Method with Particle Swarm Optimization
3. Experimental Results
3.1. Experimental Setup and Test Conditions
3.2. Reconstruction of Soot Concentration
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Algorithms | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PSO | 11.56 | 11.67 | 8.73 | 6.88 | 9.88 | 9.74 |
APSO | 9.94 | 8.22 | 8.48 | 9.39 | 9.29 | 9.06 |
Methods | Average Soot Concentration (ppm) | Standard Deviation (ppm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Point 4–1 | Point 4–2 | Point 4–3 | Point 4–1 | Point 4–2 | Point 4–3 | |
TPD | 0.85 | 2.18 | 0.64 | 0.29 | 0.67 | 0.074 |
ES | 1.42 | 3.02 | 0.60 | 0.08 | 0.057 | 0.042 |
IES | 0.76 | 2.25 | 0.70 | 0.04 | 0.063 | 0.051 |
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Li, Z.; Wan, N.; Qian, X. Measurement of Soot Concentration in Burner Diffusion Flames through Emission Spectroscopy with Particle Swarm Optimization. Sensors 2024, 24, 1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041292
Li Z, Wan N, Qian X. Measurement of Soot Concentration in Burner Diffusion Flames through Emission Spectroscopy with Particle Swarm Optimization. Sensors. 2024; 24(4):1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041292
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Zizhen, Ni Wan, and Xiangchen Qian. 2024. "Measurement of Soot Concentration in Burner Diffusion Flames through Emission Spectroscopy with Particle Swarm Optimization" Sensors 24, no. 4: 1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041292