Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract Exhibits Differential Effects between Healthy and Sepsis Patients: The Implication of HIF-1α
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Triggered Oxidative Stress in Monocytes from Both Patients with Sepsis and Healthy Volunteers
2.2. Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract Exhibits Divergent Effects on Monocytes from Patients with Sepsis Compared with Healthy Volunteers
2.3. Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract Increases the Lipopolysaccharide Response of Monocytes with an Endotoxin-Tolerant Phenotype
2.4. Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract Reduces HIF-1α Pathway Activation in Sepsis Monocytes
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design and Participants
4.2. Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract Preparation
4.3. Human Monocyte Isolation
4.4. In Vitro Stimulation
4.5. Cell Reactive Oxygen Species Measurement
4.6. Flow Cytometry Characterization
4.7. Inflammatory Cytokine Quantification
4.8. Dimethyloxalylglycine In Vitro Model
4.9. Relative mRNA Expression Quantification
4.10. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Controls (n = 15) | Sepsis (n = 7) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age—years | 51.53 ± 5.21 | 56 ± 22.8 | 0.57 |
Sex, male—n (%) | 9 (60) | 4 (57.1) | 0.99 |
Comorbidities | |||
Hypertension | 1 (6.7) | 2 (28.6) | 0.23 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 1 (6.7) | 1 (14.3) | 0.99 |
COPD | 1 (6.7) | 2 (28.6) | 0.23 |
Current smoker | 2 (15.4) | 2 (28.6) | 0.56 |
Temperature—°C | 36.5 ± 0.74 | 37.66 ± 1.6 | 0.03 * |
HR—bpm | 84.64 ± 22.7 | 92.29 ± 18.6 | 0.44 |
RR—bpm | 15.1 ± 2.5 | 19.14 ± 4.6 | 0.03 * |
SBP—mm Hg | 124.7 ± 33.1 | 120 ± 43.87 | 0.78 |
MBP—mm Hg | 86.4 ± 12.3 | 81.52 ± 24.6 | 0.54 |
Leukocytes—103/µL | 6.94 ± 1.2 | 12.2 ± 5.83 | 0.01 * |
Neutrophils—103/µL | 4.18 ± 1.33 | 10.25 ± 5.69 | 0.01 * |
Lymphocytes—103/µL | 2.27 ± 0.66 | 1.18 ± 0.41 | <0.01 ** |
Monocytes—103/µL | 0.48 ± 0.13 | 0.42 ± 0.23 | 0.25 |
Platelets—103/µL | 236.8 ± 45.1 | 205.9 ± 88.3 | 0.72 |
Creatinine—mg/dL | 0.91 ± 0.17 | 1.54 ± 1.37 | 0.08 |
CRP—mg/L | 1.35 ± 0.9 | 136.4 ± 93.5 | <0.001 *** |
Bilirubin—mg/dL | 0.73 ± 0.41 | 0.42 ± 0.18 | 0.1 |
qSOFA | - | 0.81 ± 0.73 | - |
Compound | TASE (mg/g) |
---|---|
Total Polyphenols | 13.91 |
Total Flavonoids | 3.22 |
Diallyl thiosulfinate (allicin) | 7.03 |
S-allyl-L-cysteine | 0.08 |
Leucine | 0.586 |
Isoleucine | 0.500 |
Valine | 0.477 |
Methionine | 0.316 |
Cysteine | 0.811 |
Phenylalanine | 0.556 |
Tyrosine | 4.499 |
Aspartic Acid | 0.901 |
Glutamic Acid | 2.866 |
Arginine | 4.090 |
Lysine | 0.617 |
Histidine | 0.891 |
Threonine | 0.812 |
Serine | 0.385 |
Glycine | 0.215 |
Alanine | 0.897 |
Thiamine (B1) | 0.552 |
Riboflavin (B2) | 0.002 |
Niacin (B3) | 0.026 |
Pantothenic acid (B5) | 1.556 |
Biotin (B7) | 0.251 |
Cobalamin (B12) | 0.898 |
Ascorbic Acid (C) | 3.347 |
Linoleic Acid (F) | 0.276 |
Tocopherol (E) | 0.007 |
Menadione (K3) | 0.007 |
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Avendaño-Ortiz, J.; Redondo-Calvo, F.J.; Lozano-Rodríguez, R.; Terrón-Arcos, V.; Bergón-Gutiérrez, M.; Rodríguez-Jiménez, C.; Rodríguez, J.F.; del Campo, R.; Gómez, L.A.; Bejarano-Ramírez, N.; et al. Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract Exhibits Differential Effects between Healthy and Sepsis Patients: The Implication of HIF-1α. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6234. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076234
Avendaño-Ortiz J, Redondo-Calvo FJ, Lozano-Rodríguez R, Terrón-Arcos V, Bergón-Gutiérrez M, Rodríguez-Jiménez C, Rodríguez JF, del Campo R, Gómez LA, Bejarano-Ramírez N, et al. Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract Exhibits Differential Effects between Healthy and Sepsis Patients: The Implication of HIF-1α. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(7):6234. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076234
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvendaño-Ortiz, José, Francisco Javier Redondo-Calvo, Roberto Lozano-Rodríguez, Verónica Terrón-Arcos, Marta Bergón-Gutiérrez, Concepción Rodríguez-Jiménez, Juan Francisco Rodríguez, Rosa del Campo, Luis Antonio Gómez, Natalia Bejarano-Ramírez, and et al. 2023. "Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract Exhibits Differential Effects between Healthy and Sepsis Patients: The Implication of HIF-1α" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7: 6234. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076234